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The '''mashak''' (also known as '''masak''', '''mishek''', '''meshek''', '''moshug''', '''moshaq''', '''moshuq''', '''mashak bin''', '''bin baji''') is a type of bagpipe found in Northern India and parts of Pakistan and Afghanistan.<ref name="AssociationBritain)1894">{{cite book|author1=Royal Musical Association|author2=Musical Association (Great Britain)|author3=International Musical Society|coauthors=JSTOR (Organization), Taylor & Francis|title=Proceedings of the Royal Musical Association|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=-8w5AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA64|accessdate=16 May 2011|year=1894|publisher=Royal Musical Association|pages=64–}}</ref> The pipe was associated with weddings and festive occasions.<ref name="Associates1993">{{cite book|author=Himal Associates|title=Himāl|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=xcEWAQAAMAAJ|accessdate=23 April 2011|year=1993|publisher=Himal Associates|page=24}}</ref> In India it is historically found in [[Rajasthan]] and [[Uttar Pradesh]].<ref>Andrew Alter. ''[http://www.jstor.org/stable/834409 Garhwali Bagpipes: Syncretic Processes in a North Indian Regional Musical Tradition]''. Asian Music, Vol. 29, No. 1 (Autumn, 1997 - Winter, 1998), pp. 1-16.
The '''mashak''' (also known as '''masak''', '''mishek''', '''meshek''', '''moshug''', '''moshaq''', '''moshuq''', '''mashak bin''', '''bin baji''') is a type of bagpipe found in Northern India and parts of Pakistan and Afghanistan.<ref name="AssociationBritain)1894">{{cite book|author1=Royal Musical Association|author2=Musical Association (Great Britain)|author3=International Musical Society|coauthors=JSTOR (Organization), Taylor & Francis|title=Proceedings of the Royal Musical Association|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=-8w5AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA64|accessdate=16 May 2011|year=1894|publisher=Royal Musical Association|pages=64–}}</ref> The pipe was associated with weddings and festive occasions.<ref name="Associates1993">{{cite book|author=Himal Associates|title=Himāl|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=xcEWAQAAMAAJ|accessdate=23 April 2011|year=1993|publisher=Himal Associates|page=24}}</ref> In India it is historically found in [[Rajasthan]] and [[Uttar Pradesh]].<ref>Andrew Alter. ''[http://www.jstor.org/stable/834409 Garhwali Bagpipes: Syncretic Processes in a North Indian Regional Musical Tradition]''. Asian Music, Vol. 29, No. 1 (Autumn, 1997 - Winter, 1998), pp. 1-16.
Published by: University of Texas Press, link at JSTOR.</ref> This bagpipe uses [[single reed]]s,<ref name="Dournon2000">{{cite book|author=Geneviève Dournon|title=Handbook for the collection of traditional music and musical instruments|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=kGgIAQAAMAAJ|accessdate=23 April 2011|date=May 2000|publisher=Unesco|isbn=9789231033049|page=23}}</ref> and can be played either as a drone or as a melody instrument.<ref name="Marcuse1975">{{cite book|author=Sibyl Marcuse|title=A survey of musical instruments|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=-18IAQAAMAAJ|accessdate=24 April 2011|date=April 1975|publisher=Harper & Row|isbn=9780060127763}}</ref>
Published by: University of Texas Press, link at JSTOR.</ref> This bagpipe uses [[single reed]]s,<ref name="Dournon2000">{{cite book|author=Geneviève Dournon|title=Handbook for the collection of traditional music and musical instruments|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=kGgIAQAAMAAJ|accessdate=23 April 2011|date=May 2000|publisher=Unesco|isbn=978-92-3-103304-9|page=23}}</ref> and can be played either as a drone or as a melody instrument.<ref name="Marcuse1975">{{cite book|author=Sibyl Marcuse|title=A survey of musical instruments|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=-18IAQAAMAAJ|accessdate=24 April 2011|date=April 1975|publisher=Harper & Row|isbn=978-0-06-012776-3}}</ref>


Colonel [[James Tod]] (1782–1835 CE) notes in reference to the ''mashak'' that the Raja of [[Jind]] had a bagpipe band, with the players wearing kilts and pink legging in imitation of [[Great Highland Bagpipes|Scottish Highland pipers]].<ref name="Tod1920">{{cite book|author=James Tod|title=Annals and antiquities of Rajasthan: or The central and western Rajput states of India|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=4CRuAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA755|accessdate=23 April 2011|year=1920|publisher=H. Milford, Oxford University Press|pages=755–}}</ref>
Colonel [[James Tod]] (1782–1835 CE) notes in reference to the ''mashak'' that the Raja of [[Jind]] had a bagpipe band, with the players wearing kilts and pink legging in imitation of [[Great Highland Bagpipes|Scottish Highland pipers]].<ref name="Tod1920">{{cite book|author=James Tod|title=Annals and antiquities of Rajasthan: or The central and western Rajput states of India|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=4CRuAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA755|accessdate=23 April 2011|year=1920|publisher=H. Milford, Oxford University Press|pages=755–}}</ref>
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==Relation with the Scottish Highland pipes==
==Relation with the Scottish Highland pipes==
<!-- Deleted image removed: [[File:Cholia-dance.jpg|thumb|300px| A [[Kumauni people|Kumaoni]] bagpiper playing the ''masak-been'' as [[Chholiya|Chholiya Sword Dancers]] dance. ]] -->
<!-- Deleted image removed: [[File:Cholia-dance.jpg|thumb|300px| A [[Kumauni people|Kumaoni]] bagpiper playing the ''masak-been'' as [[Chholiya|Chholiya Sword Dancers]] dance. ]] -->
Some academics dispute any indigenous origins of the mashak; researcher [[Ander Burton Alter]] wrote in 2000 that the pipes today played in Garwhal are Scottish Highland bagpipes with one bass and two tenor drones, with no local manufacturer or evidence of existence prior to British rule in 1814.<ref>Alter, Andrew Burton. 2000. ''Dancing the Gods: Power and Meaning in the Music of Garhwal, North India''. Monash University, Victoria, Australia.</ref> Organologist [[Anthony Baines]], however, described an intermediary development stage wherein Indian musicians imitated the Highland pipe by tying "an extra pipe or two" into their mashak.<ref name="Baines1979">{{cite book|author=Anthony Baines|title=Bagpipes|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=a6MIAQAAMAAJ|accessdate=23 April 2011|year=1979|publisher=Pitt Rivers Museum|page=56}}</ref> Similarly, the New Grove Dictionary of Musical Instruments (1984) describes the traditional mashak as becoming rare as it is displaced by the Scottish pipes.<ref name="Sadie1984">{{cite book|author=Stanley Sadie|title=The New Grove dictionary of musical instruments|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=BGoYAAAAIAAJ|accessdate=23 April 2011|year=1984|publisher=Macmillan Press|isbn=9780943818054}}</ref>
Some academics dispute any indigenous origins of the mashak; researcher [[Ander Burton Alter]] wrote in 2000 that the pipes today played in Garwhal are Scottish Highland bagpipes with one bass and two tenor drones, with no local manufacturer or evidence of existence prior to British rule in 1814.<ref>Alter, Andrew Burton. 2000. ''Dancing the Gods: Power and Meaning in the Music of Garhwal, North India''. Monash University, Victoria, Australia.</ref> Organologist [[Anthony Baines]], however, described an intermediary development stage wherein Indian musicians imitated the Highland pipe by tying "an extra pipe or two" into their mashak.<ref name="Baines1979">{{cite book|author=Anthony Baines|title=Bagpipes|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=a6MIAQAAMAAJ|accessdate=23 April 2011|year=1979|publisher=Pitt Rivers Museum|page=56}}</ref> Similarly, the New Grove Dictionary of Musical Instruments (1984) describes the traditional mashak as becoming rare as it is displaced by the Scottish pipes.<ref name="Sadie1984">{{cite book|author=Stanley Sadie|title=The New Grove dictionary of musical instruments|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=BGoYAAAAIAAJ|accessdate=23 April 2011|year=1984|publisher=Macmillan Press|isbn=978-0-943818-05-4}}</ref>


==Discography==
==Discography==

Revision as of 10:00, 4 May 2012

The mashak (also known as masak, mishek, meshek, moshug, moshaq, moshuq, mashak bin, bin baji) is a type of bagpipe found in Northern India and parts of Pakistan and Afghanistan.[1] The pipe was associated with weddings and festive occasions.[2] In India it is historically found in Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh.[3] This bagpipe uses single reeds,[4] and can be played either as a drone or as a melody instrument.[5]

Colonel James Tod (1782–1835 CE) notes in reference to the mashak that the Raja of Jind had a bagpipe band, with the players wearing kilts and pink legging in imitation of Scottish Highland pipers.[6]

Relation with the Scottish Highland pipes

Some academics dispute any indigenous origins of the mashak; researcher Ander Burton Alter wrote in 2000 that the pipes today played in Garwhal are Scottish Highland bagpipes with one bass and two tenor drones, with no local manufacturer or evidence of existence prior to British rule in 1814.[7] Organologist Anthony Baines, however, described an intermediary development stage wherein Indian musicians imitated the Highland pipe by tying "an extra pipe or two" into their mashak.[8] Similarly, the New Grove Dictionary of Musical Instruments (1984) describes the traditional mashak as becoming rare as it is displaced by the Scottish pipes.[9]

Discography

See also

References

  1. ^ Royal Musical Association; Musical Association (Great Britain); International Musical Society (1894). Proceedings of the Royal Musical Association. Royal Musical Association. pp. 64–. Retrieved 16 May 2011. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  2. ^ Himal Associates (1993). Himāl. Himal Associates. p. 24. Retrieved 23 April 2011.
  3. ^ Andrew Alter. Garhwali Bagpipes: Syncretic Processes in a North Indian Regional Musical Tradition. Asian Music, Vol. 29, No. 1 (Autumn, 1997 - Winter, 1998), pp. 1-16. Published by: University of Texas Press, link at JSTOR.
  4. ^ Geneviève Dournon (May 2000). Handbook for the collection of traditional music and musical instruments. Unesco. p. 23. ISBN 978-92-3-103304-9. Retrieved 23 April 2011.
  5. ^ Sibyl Marcuse (April 1975). A survey of musical instruments. Harper & Row. ISBN 978-0-06-012776-3. Retrieved 24 April 2011.
  6. ^ James Tod (1920). Annals and antiquities of Rajasthan: or The central and western Rajput states of India. H. Milford, Oxford University Press. pp. 755–. Retrieved 23 April 2011.
  7. ^ Alter, Andrew Burton. 2000. Dancing the Gods: Power and Meaning in the Music of Garhwal, North India. Monash University, Victoria, Australia.
  8. ^ Anthony Baines (1979). Bagpipes. Pitt Rivers Museum. p. 56. Retrieved 23 April 2011.
  9. ^ Stanley Sadie (1984). The New Grove dictionary of musical instruments. Macmillan Press. ISBN 978-0-943818-05-4. Retrieved 23 April 2011.
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