Williamson A. Sangma: Difference between revisions
Content deleted Content added
Praveen goud (talk | contribs) m removed ref R5 |
m formated broken references |
||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
'''Williamson A. Sangma'''(d.1999), a [[Garo people|Garo]] leader, was the founder [[Chief Minister]] of [[Meghalaya]], twenty-first state in [[Indian Union]] on 21st January 1972.<ref name="R1"> |
'''Williamson A. Sangma'''(d.1999), a [[Garo people|Garo]] leader, was the founder [[Chief Minister]] of [[Meghalaya]], twenty-first state in [[Indian Union]] on 21st January 1972.<ref name="R1">{{cite book |last= Gupta |first= Om |title=Encyclopaedia of India, Pakistan and Bangladesh, Volume 3 |publisher= Gyan Publishing House |url= |
||
http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=NXK445Q1nIwC&pg=PA678&dq=Williamson+A.+Sangma,+Meghalaya&hl=en&sa=X&ei=dHqiT9H3NcXnrAfbwfyPBw&ved=0CD0Q6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=Williamson%20A.%20Sangma%2C%20Meghalaya&f=false|year= 2006 |page= 678 |isbn=8182053927, 9788182053922}}</ref><ref name="R2"> {{cite book |last= Prakash |first= Col Ved |title= Encyclopaedia of North-East India, Volume 4 |publisher= Atlantic Publishers & Dist |
|||
|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=wxkC9S2jYCkC&pg=PA1738&dq=Williamson+A.+Sangma,+Meghalaya&hl=en&sa=X&ei=tXqiT4O_PIjrrQe-q72-Bw&ved=0CEwQ6AEwBTgK#v=onepage&q=Williamson%20A.%20Sangma%2C%20Meghalaya&f=false |year= 2007 |month= 1738 |isbn= 8126907061, 9788126907069}}</ref><ref name="R3"> {{cite book |last= Dhar |first= Pannalal |title= Ethnic Unrest in India and Her Neighbours |publisher= Deep and Deep Publications |url= http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=rdbAjbRgjdwC&pg=PA80&dq=Williamson+A.+Sangma,+Meghalaya&hl=en&sa=X&ei=XXuiT9C6LpDqrQey8fmmBw&ved=0CDEQ6AEwATge#v=onepage&q=Williamson%20A.%20Sangma%2C%20Meghalaya&f=false|year= 1998 |pages= 30-31 |isbn= 8171008186, 9788171008186}}</ref><ref name="tri">{{cite web |url= http://www.assamtribune.com/scripts/details.asp?id=oct2609/ne7 |title= Meghalaya’s first CM remembered |date= October 26, 2009 |quote= Meghalaya’s first Chief Minister late Captain Williamson A Sangma was fondly remembered on his 19th death anniversary on Sunday with a special memorial service at Tura and his home town of Siju in South Garo Hills. |publisher= assamtribune.com |accessdate= May 3, 2012 }}</ref><ref name="meg">{{cite web |url= |
|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=wxkC9S2jYCkC&pg=PA1738&dq=Williamson+A.+Sangma,+Meghalaya&hl=en&sa=X&ei=tXqiT4O_PIjrrQe-q72-Bw&ved=0CEwQ6AEwBTgK#v=onepage&q=Williamson%20A.%20Sangma%2C%20Meghalaya&f=false |year= 2007 |month= 1738 |isbn= 8126907061, 9788126907069}}</ref><ref name="R3"> {{cite book |last= Dhar |first= Pannalal |title= Ethnic Unrest in India and Her Neighbours |publisher= Deep and Deep Publications |url= http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=rdbAjbRgjdwC&pg=PA80&dq=Williamson+A.+Sangma,+Meghalaya&hl=en&sa=X&ei=XXuiT9C6LpDqrQey8fmmBw&ved=0CDEQ6AEwATge#v=onepage&q=Williamson%20A.%20Sangma%2C%20Meghalaya&f=false|year= 1998 |pages= 30-31 |isbn= 8171008186, 9788171008186}}</ref><ref name="tri">{{cite web |url= http://www.assamtribune.com/scripts/details.asp?id=oct2609/ne7 |title= Meghalaya’s first CM remembered |date= October 26, 2009 |quote= Meghalaya’s first Chief Minister late Captain Williamson A Sangma was fondly remembered on his 19th death anniversary on Sunday with a special memorial service at Tura and his home town of Siju in South Garo Hills. |publisher= assamtribune.com |accessdate= May 3, 2012 }}</ref><ref name="meg">{{cite web |url= |
||
http://meghalayatimes.info/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=23951%3Acongrats-meghalaya-&catid=38%3Aletter-to-editor&Itemid=54 |title= Congrats Meghalaya|date= January 20, 2012 |quote= The first Chief Minister of Meghalaya, Capt Williamson A Sangma, is no longer known, people barely remember him. His birth place South Garo Hills is very backward in every aspect. |publisher= meghalayatimes.info |accessdate= May 3, 2012 }}</ref><ref name="face">{{cite web |url= http://www.facebook.com/northeastindia/posts/190248245812 |title= North-East India - Captain Williamson A. Sangma|date= Octoer 25, 2009 |quote= Captain Williamson A. Sangma - was the first Chief Minister Meghalaya. He was a true statesman and pioneer in the struggle for the people of the hills and a leader of the Congress. He was born in Baghmara, which is the only town in South Garo Hills District. Williamnagar, the headquarter-complex of the East Garo Hills district of Meghalaya, was christened after Captain Williamson A. Sangma. Union civil aviation minister Praful Patel said in a staement recently that a proposal had been moved to name The Baljek airport in West Garo Hills after Captain Sangma. |publisher= facebook.com |accessdate= May2, 2012 }}</ref> |
http://meghalayatimes.info/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=23951%3Acongrats-meghalaya-&catid=38%3Aletter-to-editor&Itemid=54 |title= Congrats Meghalaya|date= January 20, 2012 |quote= The first Chief Minister of Meghalaya, Capt Williamson A Sangma, is no longer known, people barely remember him. His birth place South Garo Hills is very backward in every aspect. |publisher= meghalayatimes.info |accessdate= May 3, 2012 }}</ref><ref name="face">{{cite web |url= http://www.facebook.com/northeastindia/posts/190248245812 |title= North-East India - Captain Williamson A. Sangma|date= Octoer 25, 2009 |quote= Captain Williamson A. Sangma - was the first Chief Minister Meghalaya. He was a true statesman and pioneer in the struggle for the people of the hills and a leader of the Congress. He was born in Baghmara, which is the only town in South Garo Hills District. Williamnagar, the headquarter-complex of the East Garo Hills district of Meghalaya, was christened after Captain Williamson A. Sangma. Union civil aviation minister Praful Patel said in a staement recently that a proposal had been moved to name The Baljek airport in West Garo Hills after Captain Sangma. |publisher= facebook.com |accessdate= May2, 2012 }}</ref> |
||
| Line 18: | Line 18: | ||
# The Assamese dominance in the legislature and the services, and |
# The Assamese dominance in the legislature and the services, and |
||
# The autonomy granted under the Sixth Schedule was not adequate. |
# The autonomy granted under the Sixth Schedule was not adequate. |
||
<ref name="R6"> |
<ref name="R6">{{cite book |last= Kumāra |first= Braja Bihārī |title=Small States Syndrome In India |publisher= Concept Publishing Company |url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=nKqF_AgDd4gC&pg=PA66&dq=Williamson+A.+Sangma,+Meghalaya&hl=en&sa=X&ei=tXqiT4O_PIjrrQe-q72-Bw&ved=0CC0Q6AEwADgK#v=onepage&q=Williamson%20A.%20Sangma%2C%20Meghalaya&f=false |year= 1998 |month= 66-73 |isbn= 8170226910, 9788170226918}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last= |first= Prasad|title= Environment, Development and Society in Contemporary India:An Introduction |publisher= Macmillan |url= http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=Xt9KHerkrkAC&pg=PA122&dq=Williamson+A.+Sangma,+Meghalaya&hl=en&sa=X&ei=knyiT-L1G8K8rAeS8NymBw&ved=0CEYQ6AEwBDhQ#v=onepage&q=Williamson%20A.%20Sangma%2C%20Meghalaya&f=false|year= 2008 |page= 122 |isbn= 023063530X, 9780230635302}}</ref><ref name="R3"/><ref name="face"/><ref name="R3"/> |
||
mBw&ved=0CEYQ6AEwBDhQ#v=onepage&q=Williamson%20A.%20Sangma%2C%20Meghalaya&f=false|year= 2008 |page= 122 |isbn= 023063530X, 9780230635302}}</ref><ref name="R3"/><ref name="face"/><ref name="R3"/> |
|||
The peace in then autonomous districts of Assam was disturbed when the state administration decided to impose [[Assamese language]] as the state language using ''The Official Languages Bill'' on 18 October 1960 threatening the tribes, who were apprehensive of losing their culture and identity; consequently, he feared that the Assam government's linguistic policy would militate against the ethnic identity of the hill people and hence, he led the agitations that resulted them an autonomous status under the "Assam reorganisation(Meghalaya) Act 1959," until it became a full-fledged state on January 21, 1972. Prior to becoming full-fledged Meghalaya state of the Indian Union, the present areas of Meghalaya enjoyed internal autonomy under the provisions of ''Sixth Schedule'' of [[Constitution of India]] -- it also had District Councils in the Garo Hills and the United Khasi and Jaintia Hills Districts.<ref name="R6"/> <ref name="R3"/> |
The peace in then autonomous districts of Assam was disturbed when the state administration decided to impose [[Assamese language]] as the state language using ''The Official Languages Bill'' on 18 October 1960 threatening the tribes, who were apprehensive of losing their culture and identity; consequently, he feared that the Assam government's linguistic policy would militate against the ethnic identity of the hill people and hence, he led the agitations that resulted them an autonomous status under the "Assam reorganisation(Meghalaya) Act 1959," until it became a full-fledged state on January 21, 1972. Prior to becoming full-fledged Meghalaya state of the Indian Union, the present areas of Meghalaya enjoyed internal autonomy under the provisions of ''Sixth Schedule'' of [[Constitution of India]] -- it also had District Councils in the Garo Hills and the United Khasi and Jaintia Hills Districts.<ref name="R6"/> <ref name="R3"/> |
||
Revision as of 14:39, 4 May 2012
Williamson A. Sangma(d.1999), a Garo leader, was the founder Chief Minister of Meghalaya, twenty-first state in Indian Union on 21st January 1972.[1][2][3][4][5][6]
Captain Williamson Sangma was a statesman, Congress(I) leader, and a poineer in leading the struggle for the creation of Meghalaya state, the homeland of three ancient hill communities -- Garos, Jaintias, and Khasis - The Khasis and the Jaintas are beleived to be the remnants of the first Mongolian migration into India, while the Garos migrated from originally inhabited province Torus, Tibet.[7][2][3][6]
Biography
![[icon]](/enwiki/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg){kind=small} | This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (May 2012) |
Capt. Sangma was born in Baghmara, South Garo Hills district. He always represented Baghmara assemby constituency from Congress party.[4][5][6]
A biography of Capt. Williamson A. Sangma was written by Mihir N. Sangma.[8]
Hill state demand
He led the sustained struggle by the Garos, Jaintas, and the Khasis, for the hill state from the 1950s. He being the first Chief executive member of Garo Hills Autonomous District Council(GHADC), called a conference of the people of the autonomous hill districts of then-Assam at Tura to consider the demand of a hill state. Under his leadership, the conference passed the resolution to submit a memorandum to the State's Reorganisation Commission(SRC) for the formation of a separate "Easern Hills State." The memorandum emphasising the following points was submitted to SRC:
- The people of the hills and the plains differed from each other.
- The attempt of the Assamese people to impose their language and culture on the hill tribes.
- The Assamese dominance in the legislature and the services, and
- The autonomy granted under the Sixth Schedule was not adequate.
The peace in then autonomous districts of Assam was disturbed when the state administration decided to impose Assamese language as the state language using The Official Languages Bill on 18 October 1960 threatening the tribes, who were apprehensive of losing their culture and identity; consequently, he feared that the Assam government's linguistic policy would militate against the ethnic identity of the hill people and hence, he led the agitations that resulted them an autonomous status under the "Assam reorganisation(Meghalaya) Act 1959," until it became a full-fledged state on January 21, 1972. Prior to becoming full-fledged Meghalaya state of the Indian Union, the present areas of Meghalaya enjoyed internal autonomy under the provisions of Sixth Schedule of Constitution of India -- it also had District Councils in the Garo Hills and the United Khasi and Jaintia Hills Districts.[9] [3]
With realisation of Meghalaya as a state, it ultimately united the areas of the Khasi, Jainta, and the Garo Hills under the leadership of Williamson Sangma. He being one of the major leaders of the hill statehood movement, he always craved for a better deal for the Garos, who were economically worse off than their Khasi-Jainta brethen. He also made sure the Meghalaya Board of School Education (MBOSE), which he considered to be of prime importance, was in Garo Hills.[3][6][3][2]
According to B.B. Lyngdoh of the All Party Hill Leaders Conference(APHLC), who shared the Cheif Minister's office with Capt. Williamson Sangma, is said to have told that the impositon of Assamese language in 1960 was the sole reason for the fight of separatehood for Garo, Jhantia, and Khasis areas to be carved out as Meghalaya state:>[3]:
If in 1960 Assamese were not made the state language we could have stayed as inhabitant of the same state like brothers.[3]
=References
- ^ Gupta, Om (2006). Encyclopaedia of India, Pakistan and Bangladesh, Volume 3. Gyan Publishing House. p. 678. ISBN 8182053927, 9788182053922.
{{cite book}}: Check|isbn=value: invalid character (help) - ^ a b c Prakash, Col Ved (2007). Encyclopaedia of North-East India, Volume 4. Atlantic Publishers & Dist. ISBN 8126907061, 9788126907069.
{{cite book}}: Check|isbn=value: invalid character (help); Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help) - ^ a b c d e f g h i Dhar, Pannalal (1998). Ethnic Unrest in India and Her Neighbours. Deep and Deep Publications. pp. 30–31. ISBN 8171008186, 9788171008186.
{{cite book}}: Check|isbn=value: invalid character (help) - ^ a b "Meghalaya's first CM remembered". assamtribune.com. October 26, 2009. Retrieved May 3, 2012.
Meghalaya's first Chief Minister late Captain Williamson A Sangma was fondly remembered on his 19th death anniversary on Sunday with a special memorial service at Tura and his home town of Siju in South Garo Hills.
- ^ a b "Congrats Meghalaya". meghalayatimes.info. January 20, 2012. Retrieved May 3, 2012.
The first Chief Minister of Meghalaya, Capt Williamson A Sangma, is no longer known, people barely remember him. His birth place South Garo Hills is very backward in every aspect.
- ^ a b c d e "North-East India - Captain Williamson A. Sangma". facebook.com. Octoer 25, 2009. Retrieved May2, 2012.
Captain Williamson A. Sangma - was the first Chief Minister Meghalaya. He was a true statesman and pioneer in the struggle for the people of the hills and a leader of the Congress. He was born in Baghmara, which is the only town in South Garo Hills District. Williamnagar, the headquarter-complex of the East Garo Hills district of Meghalaya, was christened after Captain Williamson A. Sangma. Union civil aviation minister Praful Patel said in a staement recently that a proposal had been moved to name The Baljek airport in West Garo Hills after Captain Sangma.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|accessdate=and|date=(help) - ^ Chopra, Joginder Kumar (1989). Politics of Election Reforms in India. Mittal Publications. pp. 103–105. ISBN 8187498080, 9788187498087.
{{cite book}}: Check|isbn=value: invalid character (help) - ^ Daniel, S.C. (2000). Philosophy of History: Some Reflections on North-east India. Daya Books. p. 70. ISBN 8187498080, 9788187498087.
{{cite book}}: Check|isbn=value: invalid character (help) - ^ a b Kumāra, Braja Bihārī (1998). Small States Syndrome In India. Concept Publishing Company. ISBN 8170226910, 9788170226918.
{{cite book}}: Check|isbn=value: invalid character (help); Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help) - ^ Environment, Development and Society in Contemporary India:An Introduction. Macmillan. 2008. p. 122. ISBN 023063530X, 9780230635302.
{{cite book}}:|first=missing|last=(help); Check|isbn=value: invalid character (help)