Table of keyboard shortcuts: Difference between revisions

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In computing, a keyboard shortcut is a sequence or combination of keystrokes on a computer keyboard which invokes commands in software.

Some keyboard shortcuts require the user to press a single key or a sequence of keys one after the other. Other keyboard shortcuts require pressing and holding several keys simultaneously. Keyboard shortcuts may depend on the keyboard layout (localisation).

Comparison of keyboard shortcuts

Keyboard shortcuts are a common aspect of most modern operating systems and associated software applications. Their use is pervasive enough that some users consider them an essential element of their routine interactions with a computer. Whether used as a matter of personal preference or for adaptive technology, the pervasiveness of common conventions enables the comparison of keyboard shortcuts across different systems. The following sections detail some of these comparisons in widely used operating systems.

General shortcuts

A note regarding KDE's shortcuts is that they can be changed and the below list contains the defaults.

Action	Windows	Mac OS	KDE / GNOME	Emacs
Activate current application's Menu bar	`Alt`	With full keyboard access active (System Preferences > Keyboard > Full Keyboard Access > All Controls):^[1]^[2] `Ctrl`+`F2` (or `Fn`+`Ctrl`+`F2` on some keyboards)	`Alt` in KDE	`Meta`+`
File menu	`Alt`+`F`	`Ctrl`+`F2`, then `F`	`Alt`+`F`	`Meta`+`, then `f`
Edit menu	`Alt`+`E`	`Ctrl`+`F2`, then `E`	`Alt`+`E`	`Meta`+`, then `e`
View menu	`Alt`+`V`	`Ctrl`+`F2`, then `V`	`Alt`+`V`
Undo the last operation	`Ctrl`+`Z`	`⌘ Cmd`+`Z`	`Ctrl`+`Z`	`Ctrl`+`x`, then `u` or `Ctrl`+`/` or `Ctrl`+`_` or `Undo`
Redo the last operation	`Ctrl`+`Y`	`⇧ Shift`+`⌘ Cmd`+`Z`	`⇧ Shift`+`Ctrl`+`Z`	Same as undo, when undo is exhausted, it redoes. Move the cursor after one or more undos, and further undos will be redos.
Cut the selected area and store it in the clipboard	`Ctrl`+`X` or `⇧ Shift`+`Del`	`⌘ Cmd`+`X`	`Ctrl`+`X`	`Ctrl`+`w`
Copy the selected area into the clipboard	`Ctrl`+`C`, or `Ctrl`+`Ins`	`⌘ Cmd`+`C`	`Ctrl`+`C`	`Meta`+`w`, or `Ctrl`+`Ins`
Paste contents of clipboard at cursor	`Ctrl`+`V`, or `⇧ Shift`+`Ins`	`⌘ Cmd`+`V`	`Ctrl`+`V`	`Ctrl`+`y`, or `⇧ Shift`+`Ins`, or
Paste special	`Ctrl`+`Alt`+`V`		`Ctrl`+`⇧ Shift`+`V`	`Meta`+`y`
Select everything in focused control or window	`Ctrl`+`A`	`⌘ Cmd`+`A`	`Ctrl`+`A`	`Ctrl`+`x`, then `h`
Toggle among installed keyboard languages	`⇧ Shift`+`Alt`	`⌘ Cmd`+`Space` Configure desired keypress in Keyboard and Mouse Preferences, Keyboard Shortcuts, Select the next source in Input menu.^[3]	`Ctrl`+`Alt`+`K` via KDE Keyboard `⇧ Shift`+`Alt` in GNOME	`Ctrl`+`\`

Action	Windows	KDE/GNOME
Run new application	`⊞ Win`, enter executable name or `⊞ Win`+`R`, enter executable name	`⊞ Win`, enter executable name or program's name
Open new browser window with same page as current	`Alt`+(`D` then `↵ Enter` )
Make new folder	`Ctrl`+`⇧ Shift`+`N`	`Ctrl`+`⇧ Shift`+`N`
Applications menu	`⊞ Win` or `Ctrl`+`Esc`	`Alt` + `"n"` e.g. for _File_ `Alt` + `f`
Lock desktop	`⊞ Win`+`L`^[4]	`Ctrl`+`Alt`+`L`
Show desktop	`⊞ Win`+`D` or `⊞ Win`+`M` (then use `⊞ Win`+`⇧ Shift`+`M` to bring back all windows)
Log out user		`Ctrl`+`Alt`+`Delete`
Switch active user	`⊞ Win`+`L`^[5]
Task manager	`Ctrl`+`⇧ Shift`+`Esc`, `Ctrl`+`Alt`+`Delete`^[6]
Rename object	`F2`	`F2`
Open file or program	`↵ Enter`	`↵ Enter`
Switch to next/previous focused window	`Alt`+`Tab ↹` / `⇧ Shift`+`Alt`+`Tab ↹`	`Alt`+`Tab ↹` / `Alt`+`⇧ Shift`+`Tab ↹`
Switch focus to the next/previous window (without dialog)	`Alt`+`Esc` / `⇧ Shift`+`Alt`+`Esc`
Open the Run dialog box	`⊞ Win`+`R`	`⊞ Win`
Open the Search dialog box	`⊞ Win`, enter executable name or `⊞ Win`+`F`	`⊞ Win`
Change input orientation of "Search programs and files" field in Start Menu	`Ctrl`+`L` (left) `Ctrl`+`R` (right) `Ctrl`+`E` (center)	N/A

Power management

Action	Windows	Mac OS	KDE / GNOME
Place computer into sleep/standby mode	`Sleep` (available on some keyboards, configurable in Power Options dialog)	`⌥ Opt`+`⌘ Cmd`+`Eject`^[2]	`Sleep` (available on some keyboards, configurable)
Shutdown computer	press window+R (shutdown -s -t time in seconds)	`Ctrl`+`⌥ Opt`+`⌘ Cmd`+`Eject` (no confirmation, shutdown is immediate)	`Ctrl`+`Alt`+`⇧ Shift`+`PageDown` (KDE; no confirmation, shutdown is immediate)
Restart computer	press window+r (shutdown -r -t time in seconds)	`Ctrl`+`⌘ Cmd`+`Eject`^[2] (no confirmation, restart is immediate)	`Ctrl`+`Alt`+`⇧ Shift`+`PageUp` (KDE; no confirmation, restart is immediate)
Place display in sleep mode		`Ctrl`+`⇧ Shift`+`Eject`
Bring up power/sleep dialog box	`Alt`+`F4` (while on Desktop only)	`Ctrl`+`Eject`

Screenshots

Action	Windows	Mac OS	KDE / GNOME
Save screenshot of entire screen as file		`⇧ Shift`+`⌘ Cmd`+`3`	`Print Screen` set the name and click "Save". GNOME Shell ^[7]
Copy screenshot of entire screen to clipboard	`Print Screen` or `Ctrl`+`Print Screen`	`Ctrl`+`⇧ Shift`+`⌘ Cmd`+`3`	`Print Screen` click "Copy to Clipboard". GNOME Shell ^[7]
Save screenshot of window as file		`⇧ Shift`+`⌘ Cmd`+`4` then `Space`	`Alt`+`Print Screen` set the name and click "Save". GNOME ^[7]
Copy screenshot of window to clipboard	`Alt`+`Print Screen`	`Ctrl`+`⇧ Shift`+`⌘ Cmd`+`4` then `Space`	`Alt`+`Print Screen` click "Copy to Clipboard". GNOME ^[7]
Copy screenshot of arbitrary area to clipboard		`Ctrl`+`⇧ Shift`+`⌘ Cmd`+`4`
Save screenshot of arbitrary area as file		`⇧ Shift`+`⌘ Cmd`+`4`
Screencasting			`Ctrl`+`⇧ Shift`+`Alt`+`R` ^[8] ^[9]

Text editing

Many of these commands may be combined with ⇧ Shift to select a region of text.^[10]

Action	Windows	Mac OS	KDE / GNOME	Emacs
Delete char to the right of cursor	`Del`	`Del` or `Fn`+`← Backspace`	`Del`	`Del`, or `Ctrl`+`d`
Delete word to the right of cursor	`Ctrl`+`Del`	`⌥ Opt`+`Del` or `⌥ Opt`+ `Fn`+`← Backspace`	`Ctrl`+`Del`	`Meta`+`d`
Delete word to the left of cursor	`Ctrl`+`← Backspace`	`⌥ Opt`+`← Backspace`	`Ctrl`+`← Backspace`	`Ctrl`+`← Backspace`, or `Meta`+`← Backspace`
Go to start of line	`Home`	`⌘ Cmd`+`←` or `Ctrl`+`A`	`Home`	`Ctrl`+`a`, or `Home`
Go to end of line	`End`	`⌘ Cmd`+`→` or `Ctrl`+`E`	`End`	`Ctrl`+`e`, or `End`
Go to start of document	`Ctrl` + `Home`	`⌘ Cmd`+`↑`	`Ctrl` + `Home`	`Meta`+`<`, or `Ctrl`+`Home`
Go to end of document	`Ctrl` + `End`	`⌘ Cmd`+`↓`	`Ctrl` + `End`	`Meta`+`>`, or `Ctrl`+`End`
Go to previous word	`Ctrl`+`←`	`⌥ Opt`+`←`	`Ctrl`+`←`	`Meta`+`b`, or `Ctrl`+`←`, or `Meta`+`←`
Go to next word	`Ctrl`+`→`	`⌥ Opt`+`→`	`Ctrl`+`→`	`Meta`+`f`, or `Ctrl`+`→`, or `Meta`+`→`
Go to previous line	`↑`	`↑`	`↑`	`Ctrl`+`p`, or `↑`
Go to next line	`↓`	`↓`	`↓`	`Ctrl`+`n`, or `↓`
Go to previous line break (paragraph)	`Ctrl`+`↑`	`⌥ Opt`+`↑`	`Ctrl`+`↑` (kword or GNOME)	`Meta`+`'{'`, or `Control`+`↑`
Go to next line break	`Ctrl`+`↓`	`⌥ Opt`+`↓`	`Ctrl`+`↓` (kword or GNOME)	`Meta`+`'}'`, or `Control`+`↓`
Go to find	`Ctrl`+`F`	`⌘ Cmd`+`F` `⌘ Cmd`+`E` (Search with current selection)	`Ctrl`+`F` `Ctrl`+`K` (GNOME; interactive search)	`Ctrl`+`s`
Go to next search result	`F3`	`⌘ Cmd`+`G`	`Ctrl`+`G` (GNOME) or `F3` (KDE)^[11]	`Ctrl`+`s`
Go to previous search result	`⇧ Shift`+`F3`	`⇧ Shift`+`⌘ Cmd`+`G`	`⇧ Shift`+`Ctrl`+`G` (GNOME) or `⇧ Shift`+`F3` (KDE)^[11]	`Ctrl`+`r`
Search and replace	`Ctrl`+`H`	`⌘ Cmd`+`F`	`Ctrl`+`H` (GNOME)	`Meta`+`%`
Search a regular expression				`Ctrl`+`Meta`+`s`
Search and replace a regular expression				`Ctrl`+`Meta`+`%`,

Text formatting

Action	Windows	Mac OS	KDE / GNOME^[12]	Emacs
Make selected text bold/regular	`Ctrl`+`B`	`⌘ Cmd`+`B`	`Ctrl`+`B`
Toggle underlining of selected text	`Ctrl`+`U`	`⌘ Cmd`+`U`	`Ctrl`+`U`
Make selected text italic/regular	`Ctrl`+`I`	`⌘ Cmd`+`I`	`Ctrl`+`I`
Change to upper/lower case	`⇧ Shift`+`F3` (Works for Microsoft Word and Powerpoint but not Microsoft Excel)^{[citation needed]}	`⌥ Opt`+`⌘ Cmd`+`C`		`Meta`+`u` for upper, `Meta`+`l` for lower, `Meta`+`c` for capitalized.
Make selected text superscript	`Ctrl`+`⇧ Shift`+`+`	`Ctrl`+`⌘ Cmd`+`+` (Pages only?)	`Ctrl`+`⇧ Shift`+`P`^[13]
Make selected text subscript	`Ctrl`+`=`	`Ctrl`+`⌘ Cmd`+`-` (Pages only?)	`Ctrl`+`⇧ Shift`+`B`^[14]
Make selected text larger/smaller	`Ctrl`+`⇧ Shift`+`>`/`Ctrl`+`⇧ Shift`+`<`

Browsers / Go menu

Action	Windows	Mac OS	KDE / GNOME
Go to Browser's Address Bar	`Alt`+`D` or `Alt`+`C` according language	`⌘ Cmd`+`L`
Go to the previous location in history	`Alt`+`←` or `← Backspace`	`⌘ Cmd`+`[` or `⌘ Cmd`+`←`	`Alt`+`←`
Go to the next location in history	`Alt`+`→` or `⇧ Shift`+`← Backspace` (web browser only)	`⌘ Cmd`+`]` or `⌘ Cmd`+`→`	`Alt`+`→`
Go up one level in the navigation hierarchy	`Alt`+`↑`(Vista and 7 only) or `← Backspace`(Windows Explorer)	`⌘ Cmd`+`↑`	`Alt`+`↑`
Go to the starting page defined by the user or application	`Alt`+`Home`	`⌘ Cmd`+`Home`	`Ctrl`+`Home` (KDE) / `Alt`+`Home` (GNOME)

Web browsers

Action	Windows	Mac OS	KDE / GNOME	Emacs-w3m
Bookmarks menu	`Ctrl`+`B`	`⌘ Cmd`+`B` (Firefox)	`Alt`+`B`	`v`
URL Shortcuts (Adds www. + .com)	`Ctrl`+`↵ Enter`	`⌘ Cmd`+`↵ Enter` (Firefox) or `Control`+`↵ Enter` (Chrome)	`Ctrl`+`↵ Enter`
URL Shortcuts (Adds www. + .org)	`Ctrl`+`⇧ Shift`+`↵ Enter`	`⇧ Shift`+`⌘ Cmd`+`↵ Enter` (Firefox)	`Ctrl`+`⇧ Shift`+`↵ Enter`
URL Shortcuts (Adds www. + .net)	`⇧ Shift` +`↵ Enter`	`⇧ Shift` +`↵ Enter` (Firefox)	`⇧ Shift` +`↵ Enter`
Add bookmark for current page	`Ctrl`+`D`	`⌘ Cmd`+`D`	`Ctrl`+`B` / `Ctrl`+`D`	`a`
Add bookmark for current link				`Meta`+`a`
Manage bookmarks	`Ctrl`+`B`	`⌘ Cmd`+`⌥ Opt`+`B` (Chrome/Safari) or `⌘ Cmd`+`⇧ Shift`+`B` (Firefox)	`Ctrl`+`⇧ Shift`+`R` / `Ctrl`+`B`
Focus and select Web search bar	`Ctrl`+`E`	`⌘ Cmd`+`E` (Opera) or `⌘ Cmd`+`K` (Firefox) or `⌥ Opt`+`⌘ Cmd`+`F` (Safari)	`Ctrl`+`k`
Focus and select address bar	`Ctrl`+`L` or `F6` or `Alt`+`D`	`⌘ Cmd`+`L`	`Ctrl`+`L` or `Alt`+`D` or `F6`	`g`
Refresh a webpage	`F5` or `Ctrl`+`R`	`⌘ Cmd`+`R`	`F5` or `Ctrl`+`R`	`R`
Open a new window	`Ctrl`+`N`	`⌘ Cmd`+`N` (Chrome)	`Ctrl`+`N`
Zoom Options (zoom in +, zoom out -, zoom 100%)	`Ctrl`+`+` and `Ctrl`+`-` and `Ctrl`+`0`	`⌘ Cmd`+`+` and `⌘ Cmd`+`-` and `⌘ Cmd`+`0`	`Ctrl`+`+` and `Ctrl`+`-` and `Ctrl`+`0`

Tab management

Action	Windows	Mac OS	KDE / GNOME	Emacs-w3m
Create a new tab	`Ctrl`+`T`	`⌘ Cmd`+`T`	`Ctrl`+`⇧ Shift`+`N` or `Ctrl`+`⇧ Shift`+`T` or `Ctrl`+`T`	`Ctrl`+`c`, then `Ctrl`+`t`
Close current tab	`Ctrl`+`W`	`⌘ Cmd`+`W`	`Ctrl`+`W` Firefox by Mozilla ^[15] & Opera ^[16] & Chrom{e,ium} ^[17] & Arora ^[18] & Epiphany ^[19] & Midori `Ctrl`+`F4` Firefox by Mozilla ^[20] & Opera ^[21] & Chrom{e,ium} ^[22] & Arora ^[23]
Close all tabs but the current one				`Ctrl`+`c`, then `Meta`+`w`
Go to next tab	`Ctrl`+`Tab ↹`	`Control`+`tab` or `⌘ Cmd`+`⇧ Shift`+`→` (Safari)	`Ctrl`+`PageDown` or `Ctrl`+`Tab ↹` or `Ctrl`+`.`	`Ctrl`+`c`, then `Ctrl`+`n`
Go to previous tab	`Ctrl`+`⇧ Shift`+`Tab ↹`	`⇧ Shift`+`Control`+`Tab ↹` or `⌘ Cmd`+`⇧ Shift`+`←` (Safari)	`Ctrl`+`PageUp` or `Ctrl`+`⇧ Shift`+`Tab ↹` or `Ctrl`+`,`	`Ctrl`+`c`, then `Ctrl`+`p`
Go to tab-n	`Ctrl`+n (Chrome Firefox)	`⌘ Cmd`+n (Chrome)	`Alt`+n
Open a previously closed tab	`Ctrl`+`⇧ Shift`+`T`	`⌘ Cmd`+`⇧ Shift`+`T` (Firefox/Opera/Chrome)	`Ctrl`+`⇧ Shift`+`T` (Firefox/Opera/Chrome)^[24]^[25]^[26]	`Ctrl`+`⇧ Shift`+`T` (Firefox)^[27]

Window management

Action	Windows	Mac OS	KDE	GNOME	Emacs
Pop up window menu	`Alt`+`Space`		`Alt`+`F3`	`Alt`+`Space`	`Ctrl`+`, then `b`
Close the focused window	`Alt`+`F4` or `Ctrl`+`F4` or `Ctrl` + `W` or `Alt`+`Space` then `C`^[28]	`⌘ Cmd`+`W`	`Alt`+`F4`	`Alt`+`F4`	`Ctrl`+`x`, then `k`
Restore the focused window to its previous size	`Alt`+`Space` then `R`^[28]			`Alt`+`F5`	`Ctrl`+`x`, then `r`, then `j`, then letter of the window state register.
Move the focused window	`Alt`+`Space` then `M`^[28] then `Arrow Keys`		`Alt`+Mouse / `Alt`+`F3` then `M` then `Arrow Keys`	`Alt`+Mouse / `Alt`+`F7` then `Arrow Keys`
Resize the focused window	`Alt`+`Space` then `S`^[28] then `Arrow Keys`		`Alt`+`F3` then `S` then `Arrow Keys`	`Alt`+`F8` then `Arrow Keys`	`Ctrl`+`x`, then `^` vertically
Hide the focused window		`⌘ Cmd`+`H`			`Meta`+`x`, then bury-buffer RET, then `Ret`
Hide all except the focused window		`⌘ Cmd`+`⌥ Option`+`H`
Minimize the focused window	`Alt`+`Space` then `N`^[28], or `⊞ Win`+`↓` (Windows 7 and Vista Home Premium)	`⌘ Cmd`+`M`	`Alt`+`F3` then `N`	`Alt`+`F9`	`Meta`+`x`, then bury-buffer RET, then `Ret`
Maximize the focused window	`Alt`+`Space` then `X`^[28], or `⊞ Win`+`↑` (Windows 7 only)		`Alt`+`F3` then `X`	`Alt`+`F10`	`Ctrl`+`x`, then `1`
Maximize horizontally			Available, but no default	Available, but no default
Maximize vertically	`⊞ Win`+`⇧ Shift`+`↑` (Windows 7 only)		Available, but no default	Available, but no default
Minimize all	`⊞ Win`+`M` or `⊞ Win`+`D`	`⌘ Cmd`+`Alt`+`M`	Available, but no default	`Ctrl`+`Alt`+`D`
Minimize all non focused windows	`⊞ Win`+`Home` (Windows 7 only)		Available, but no default
Undo minimize all	`⇧ Shift`+`⊞ Win`+`M`		Available, but no default	`Ctrl`+`Alt`+`D`
Switch fullscreen/normal size	`F11`		`F11`	`F11`
Show the window in full screen mode, with no border, menubar, toolbar or statusbar		Depends on application	`Ctrl`+`⇧ Shift`+`F`	`Ctrl`+`F11`
Rollup/down window			Available, but no default	`Alt`+`F12`
Show all open windows	`⊞ Win`+`Tab ↹`	`F9` or Move mouse pointer to configured hot corner or active screen corner^[29]^[30]		`⊞ Win` works per desktop on Gnome 3+	`Ctrl`+`x`, then `Ctrl`+`b`
Show all windows of current application		`F10` or Move mouse pointer to configured hot corner or active screen corner^[29]^[30]		`Ctrl`+`	`Ctrl`+`x`, then `Ctrl`+`b`
Show all workspaces		`F8` or Move mouse pointer to configured hot corner or active screen corner^[29]^[30]		`⊞ Win` then mouse over the desktop bar on the right edge of the screen
Move window to left/right/up/down workspace	`⊞ Win`+`←`/`→` (Windows 7 only)		Available, but no default	`Ctrl`+`Alt`+`⇧ Shift`+ `←` / `→` / `↑` / `↓`
Move window between multiple monitors	`⊞ Win`+`⇧ Shift`+`←`/`→` (Windows 7 only)
Move window to workspace n			Available, but no default
Switch to next/previous workspace list			Available, but no default
Go to workspace n		`Ctrl`+`n`	`Ctrl`+`Fn`
Go to left/right/up/down workspace	^[31]	`Ctrl`+`←` / `Ctrl`+`→` / `Ctrl`+`↑` / `Ctrl`+`↓` (OS X 10.5 to 10.6), `Ctrl`+`←` / `Ctrl`+`→` (OS X 10.7)		`Ctrl`+`Alt`+`←` / `→` / `↑` / `↓`
Show / hide desktop	`⊞ Win`+`D`	`F11` or Move mouse pointer to configured hot corner or active screen corner^[29]^[30]	`Ctrl`+`Alt`+`D`	`Ctrl`+`Alt`+`D` user specific, no default
Activate window demanding attention
Quit application of current window	`Alt`+`F4` or `Ctrl`+`F4` varies^[32]	`⌘ Cmd`+`Q`^[33]	`Ctrl`+`Alt`+`Esc`		`q`
Close dialog	`Esc`	`Esc`
Open/Focus (preview) pinned program on the taskbar	`⊞ Win`+`(#)` where "#" is the position of the program on the Windows 7 Taskbar (Windows 7 only)
Open new program window of pinned program in Quick Launch	`⊞ Win`+`(#)` where "#" is the position of the program on the Quick Launch toolbar (Windows Vista and 7)
Open new program window of the pinned program on the taskbar (if program is already opened)	`⊞ Win`+`⇧ Shift`+`(#)` where "#" is the position of the program on the Windows 7 Taskbar (Windows 7 only)
Focus the first taskbar entry. Pressing again will cycle through them	`⊞ Win`+`T` , you can `←→` back and forth. Hold `⇧ Shift` to cycle backwards (Windows 7 only)
Peek at the desktop	`⊞ Win`+`Space` (Windows 7 only)	`F11` or Move mouse pointer to configured hot corner or active screen corner^[29]^[30]
Bring gadgets to the front of the Z-order and cycle between gadgets	`⊞ Win`+`G` (Windows Vista,7) or `⊞ Win`+`Space` (Vista only, no cycling)
External display options (mirror, extend desktop, etc.)	`⊞ Win`+`P` (Windows 7 only)

User interface navigation (widgets and controls)

Action	Windows	Mac OS	KDE	GNOME
Moves keyboard focus to next/previous control	`Tab ↹` / `⇧ Shift`+`Tab ↹`	With full keyboard access active (System Preferences > Keyboard > Full Keyboard Access > All Controls) `Tab ↹` / `⇧ Shift`+`Tab ↹`	`Tab ↹` / `⇧ Shift`+`Tab ↹`	`Tab ↹` / `⇧ Shift`+`Tab ↹` `Ctrl`+`Tab ↹` / `⇧ Shift`+`Ctrl`+`Tab ↹`
Pop up tooltip for currently focused control	`⇧ Shift`+`F1`			`Ctrl`+`F1`
Show context-sensitive help for currently focused window or control	`⇧ Shift`+`F1`	`⌘ Cmd`+`?`	`⇧ Shift`+`F1`	`⇧ Shift`+`F1`
Give focus to next/previous pane	`Ctrl`+`F6` / `Alt`+`F6`	`⌘ Cmd`+`		`F6` / `⇧ Shift`+`F6`
Give focus to splitter bar in paned window				`F8`
Give focus to window's menu bar	`F10` or `Alt`	`Ctrl`+`F2` (or `Fn`+`Ctrl`+`F2` on some keyboards)	`Alt`	`F10`
Pop up contextual menu for currently selected objects (aka context menu)	`⇧ Shift`+`F10` or `≣ Menu`	Varies with laptop / extended keyboard type; enable Mouse keys in Universal Access, then `Function`+`Ctrl`+5 or `Ctrl`+5 (numeric keypad) or `Function`+`Ctrl`+i (laptop)	`≣ Menu`	`≣ Menu` or `⇧ Shift`+`F10`
Toggle selected state of focused checkbox, radio button, or toggle button	`Space`	`Space`	`Space`	`Space`
Activate focused button, menu item etc.	`↵ Enter`	`Space` (also `↵ Enter` for menu items)	`↵ Enter`	`↵ Enter`
Select/move to first/last item in selected widget			`Home` / `End`	`Home` / `End`
Scroll selected view by one page up/left/down/right		`⇞` / `⇟` (or `Fn`+`↑`}+`Fn`+`↓` on some keyboards)		`PageUp` / `Ctrl`+`PageUp` / `PageDown` / `Ctrl`+`PageDown`
Scroll selected view to top/bottom		`↖` or on MacBook Pro `Fn` + `⌥ Opt` + `↖` `↘` or on MacBook Pro `Fn` + `⌥ Opt` + `↘`
Switch focus to the next/previous tab within a window	`Ctrl`+`Tab ↹`	`Ctrl`+`Tab ↹` / `⌘ Cmd`+`		`Ctrl`+`Tab ↹` -> `Ctrl`+`⇧ Shift`+`Tab ↹` <-
Switch focus to the next/previous panel on the desktop				`Ctrl`+`Alt`+`Tab ↹` / `⇧ Shift`+`Ctrl`+`Alt`+`Tab ↹`
Switch focus to the next/previous panel (without dialog)				`Ctrl`+`Alt`+`Esc` / `⇧ Shift`+`Ctrl`+`Alt`+`Esc`

Command line shortcuts

Below is a list of common keyboard shortcuts that are used in a command line environment.

Action	Microsoft Windows (cmd.exe)	Microsoft Windows (Windows PowerShell)	Unix/Linux/Mac OS X (bash)	Unix/Linux/Mac OS X (POSIX shell)
Scroll through History of typed commands	`↑`/`↓`	`↑`/`↓`	`↑`/`↓` or `Ctrl`+`P`/`Ctrl`+`N`	`ESC` `K`/`ESC` `J`
Signal end-of-file	`Ctrl`+`Z`		`Ctrl`+`D`
Abort current command/typing	`Ctrl`+`C`	`Ctrl`+`C`	`Ctrl`+`C`	`Ctrl`+`C`
Erase word to the left			`Ctrl`+`W`
Erase word to the right			`Alt`+`D`
Erase line to the left	`Ctrl`+`Home`		`Ctrl`+`U`
Erase line to the right	`Ctrl`+`End`	`Ctrl`+`End`	`Ctrl`+`K`
Yank/paste previously erased string			`Ctrl`+`Y`
Move one word to the left (backward)	`Ctrl`+`←`	`Ctrl`+`←`	`Alt`+`B`
Move one word to the right (forward)	`Ctrl`+`→`	`Ctrl`+`→`	`Alt`+`F`
Move to beginning of line	`Home`	`Home`	`Ctrl`+`A` or `Home`
Move to end of line	`End`	`End`	`Ctrl`+`E` or `End`
Reverse search of history	`F8`	`F8`	`Ctrl`+`R`
Stop execution of the current job			`Ctrl`+`Z`
Insert the next character typed verbatim			`Ctrl`+`V`
Autocomplete command/file name	`Tab ↹` (enabled by default in Windows XP and later)	`Tab ↹`	`Tab ↹` (usually once)	`Esc` (usually twice)
Paste contents of clipboard at cursor			`⇧ Shift`+`Ins`
Scroll window up	`⇧ Shift`+`PageUp` (may not work in some versions of Windows XP)		`⇧ Shift`+`PageUp`
Scroll window down	`⇧ Shift`+`PageDown` (may not work in some versions of Windows XP)		`⇧ Shift`+`PageDown`

Accessibility

In Windows, it is possible to disable these shortcuts using the Accessibility or Ease of Access control panel.
***In GNOME, these shortcuts are possible if Universal Access is enabled.

Action	Windows	Mac OS	GNOME
Utility Manager	`⊞ Win`+`U`
Use keyboard to control cursor	(`Left Alt`+`Left Shift`+`Numlock`		^[34]
Allow user to press shortcuts one key at a time	(`⇧ Shift` 5 times)		***(`⇧ Shift` 5 times) ^[35]
Hear beep when -lock key pressed	(`Numlock` for 5 seconds)
Stop/slow repeating characters when key is pressed	(`Right Shift` for 8 seconds)		***(`⇧ Shift` for 8 seconds)^[36] ^[37] ^[38]
Inverse (Reverse Colors) Mode	`Left Alt`+`Left Shift`+`PrtScn`	`⌘ Cmd`+`⌥ Opt`+`Ctrl`+`8`

References

^ "Mac OS X: How to use the keyboard to perform actions". Article: HT2840. Apple Inc. 2008-08-19. Retrieved 2010-11-03.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Mac OS X keyboard shortcuts". Article: HT1343. Apple Inc. 2010-10-29. Retrieved 2010-11-03.
^ "Mac 101: Set your preferences". Article: HT2490. Apple Inc. 2010-10-22. Retrieved 2010-11-03.
^ 10 Cool Windows Shortcuts You Need to Know
^ Takes you to the "Switch User" screen when Fast User Switching has been enabled (enabled by default in XP).
^ Shows task manager in Windows XP if the welcome screen is enabled. Otherwise displays an NT-style menu, with the option of launching the task manager; likewise for Vista.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "Taking Screenshots". User Guide 2.32. The GNOME Project. Retrieved 24 March 2012.
^ "Cheat Sheet". https://live.gnome.org/GnomeShell/CheatSheet. The GNOME Project. Retrieved 24 March 2012. {{cite web}}: External link in |work= (help)
^ "Screen Shot Record". GNOME Help Guide. The GNOME Project. Retrieved 24 March 2012.
^ For the concept of "selected text" see also X Window selection
^ ^a ^b "HIG/Keyboard Shortcuts". KDE Techbase. KDE. 2009-06-03. Retrieved 2012-03-08.
^ "Appendix A - Keyboard Shortcuts". Libre Office Documentation. The Document Foundation. Retrieved 26 April 2012.
^ http://community.linuxmint.com/tutorial/view/332
^ http://community.linuxmint.com/tutorial/view/332
^ https://support.mozilla.org/en-US/kb/Keyboard%20shortcuts?s=control+shift+t&r=4&e=es&as=s#w_windows-tabs
^ http://help.opera.com/Linux/11.60/en/keyboard.html#keys-switching
^ https://support.google.com/chrome/bin/answer.py?hl=en&answer=171571&topic=25799&ctx=topic
^ https://code.google.com/p/arora/wiki/DefaultKeyboardShortcuts
^ http://library.gnome.org/users/epiphany/stable/shortcuts.html.en#keyboard-shortcuts
^ https://support.mozilla.org/en-US/kb/Keyboard%20shortcuts?s=control+shift+t&r=4&e=es&as=s#w_windows-tabs
^ http://help.opera.com/Linux/11.60/en/keyboard.html#keys-switching
^ https://support.google.com/chrome/bin/answer.py?hl=en&answer=171571&topic=25799&ctx=topic
^ https://code.google.com/p/arora/wiki/DefaultKeyboardShortcuts
^ https://support.mozilla.org/en-US/kb/Keyboard%20shortcuts?s=control+shift+t&r=4&e=es&as=s
^ https://support.google.com/chrome/bin/answer.py?hl=en&answer=171571&topic=25799&ctx=topic
^ http://help.opera.com/Linux/11.60/en/keyboard.html
^ https://support.mozilla.org/en-US/kb/Keyboard%20shortcuts?s=control+shift+t&r=4&e=es&as=s
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f In Microsoft Windows, all shortcuts with Alt+Space followed by another key are language dependant. The Alt+Space combination opens the window menu, and the following key selects from the menu. As the menu labels (and their underlined hotkeys) vary with the Windows system language, the hotkeys are different for international versions of Microsoft Windows, and may change if users change their Windows system language preference. The given examples are valid for English user preferences/version of Windows.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e "Mac OS X 10.6 Help: Using a screen saver". Docs.info.apple.com. Retrieved 2011-01-03.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e "Mac OS X 10.4 Help: Setting a hot corner for Dashboard". Docs.info.apple.com. Retrieved 2011-01-03.
^ The WinSplit window manager application for Windows knows to emulate this behaviour.
^ There is no single consistent shortcut for closing a document or quitting an application in Windows XP. In many multiple document interface applications, Ctrl+W or Ctrl+F4 closes a document and Alt+F4 quits. In other applications where each document is in its own window, such as later versions of Microsoft Word, Ctrl+W, Ctrl+F4, and Alt+F4 close a document, and there is no consistent shortcut for quitting an application.
^ Mac OS uses ⌘ Cmd+W Close (window), ⌘ Cmd+Q Quit (application) and ⌘ Cmd+⌥ Opt+Esc Force Quit (application). Quit is closest to Kill.
^ "Click and Move Mouse Pointer Using the Keypad". GNOME Library. GNOME Foundation. Retrieved 8 May 2012.
^ "Turn on Sticky Keys". GNOME Library. GNOME Foundation. Retrieved 8 May 2012.
^ "Turn On Slow Keys". GNOME Library. GNOME Foundation. Retrieved 8 May 2012.
^ "Turn Off Repeated Key Presses". GNOME Library. GNOME Foundation. Retrieved 8 May 2012.
^ "Turn On Bounce Keys". GNOME Library. GNOME Foundation. Retrieved 8 May 2012.

External links

General
Mac OS X
Microsoft Windows
Linux/G.N.U.
- GNOME
  - Useful keyboard shortcuts
  - Keyboard Navigation
  - Set Keyboard Shortcuts
  - Universal Access
  - Usage
  - Keyboard Interaction
  - http://library.gnome.org/users/gnome-help/unstable/* for the latest documentation of unstable
- KDE
  - KDE keyboard shorcuts
- Office Suites
  - OpenOffice.org/Libre Office
    - OpenOffice.org and LibreOffice Keyboard Shortcuts
- Web Browsers
  - Mozilla Firefox for Linux
    - Keyboard Shortcuts
  - Google Chrom{e,ium}
    - Linux Keyboard Shortcuts
  - Opera
    - Keyboard Shortcuts
  - Web (previously Epiphany) official web browser for GNOME
    - Shortcuts
  - Midori
    - Keyboard Hotkeys
  - Arora
    - Default Keyboard Shortcuts

[HT2840-1] "Mac OS X: How to use the keyboard to perform actions". Article: HT2840. Apple Inc. 2008-08-19. Retrieved 2010-11-03.

[HT1343-2] "Mac OS X keyboard shortcuts". Article: HT1343. Apple Inc. 2010-10-29. Retrieved 2010-11-03.

[HT2490-3] "Mac 101: Set your preferences". Article: HT2490. Apple Inc. 2010-10-22. Retrieved 2010-11-03.

[lockd-4] 10 Cool Windows Shortcuts You Need to Know

[userswitchxp-5] Takes you to the "Switch User" screen when Fast User Switching has been enabled (enabled by default in XP).

[taskmanager-6] Shows task manager in Windows XP if the welcome screen is enabled. Otherwise displays an NT-style menu, with the option of launching the task manager; likewise for Vista.

[gnome-screenshots-7] "Taking Screenshots". User Guide 2.32. The GNOME Project. Retrieved 24 March 2012.

[The_GNOME_Project-8] "Cheat Sheet". https://live.gnome.org/GnomeShell/CheatSheet. The GNOME Project. Retrieved 24 March 2012. {{cite web}}: External link in |work= (help)

[9] "Screen Shot Record". GNOME Help Guide. The GNOME Project. Retrieved 24 March 2012.

[10] For the concept of "selected text" see also X Window selection

[KDE_HIG-11] "HIG/Keyboard Shortcuts". KDE Techbase. KDE. 2009-06-03. Retrieved 2012-03-08.

[Appendix_A_-_Keyboard_Shortcuts-12] "Appendix A - Keyboard Shortcuts". Libre Office Documentation. The Document Foundation. Retrieved 26 April 2012.

[13] ttp://community.linuxmint.com/tutorial/view/332

[14] ttp://community.linuxmint.com/tutorial/view/332

[15] ttps://support.mozilla.org/en-US/kb/Keyboard%20shortcuts?s=control+shift+t&r=4&e=es&as=s#w_windows-tabs

[16] ttp://help.opera.com/Linux/11.60/en/keyboard.html#keys-switching

[17] ttps://support.google.com/chrome/bin/answer.py?hl=en&answer=171571&topic=25799&ctx=topic

[18] ttps://code.google.com/p/arora/wiki/DefaultKeyboardShortcuts

[19] ttp://library.gnome.org/users/epiphany/stable/shortcuts.html.en#keyboard-shortcuts

[20] ttps://support.mozilla.org/en-US/kb/Keyboard%20shortcuts?s=control+shift+t&r=4&e=es&as=s#w_windows-tabs

[21] ttp://help.opera.com/Linux/11.60/en/keyboard.html#keys-switching

[22] ttps://support.google.com/chrome/bin/answer.py?hl=en&answer=171571&topic=25799&ctx=topic

[23] ttps://code.google.com/p/arora/wiki/DefaultKeyboardShortcuts

[24] ttps://support.mozilla.org/en-US/kb/Keyboard%20shortcuts?s=control+shift+t&r=4&e=es&as=s

[25] ttps://support.google.com/chrome/bin/answer.py?hl=en&answer=171571&topic=25799&ctx=topic

[26] ttp://help.opera.com/Linux/11.60/en/keyboard.html

[27] ttps://support.mozilla.org/en-US/kb/Keyboard%20shortcuts?s=control+shift+t&r=4&e=es&as=s

[AltSpaceLanguage-28] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f In Microsoft Windows, all shortcuts with Alt+Space followed by another key are language dependant. The Alt+Space combination opens the window menu, and the following key selects from the menu. As the menu labels (and their underlined hotkeys) vary with the Windows system language, the hotkeys are different for international versions of Microsoft Windows, and may change if users change their Windows system language preference. The given examples are valid for English user preferences/version of Windows.

[docs.info.apple.com-29] "Mac OS X 10.6 Help: Using a screen saver". Docs.info.apple.com. Retrieved 2011-01-03.

[ReferenceA-30] "Mac OS X 10.4 Help: Setting a hot corner for Dashboard". Docs.info.apple.com. Retrieved 2011-01-03.

[moveToWorkspace_Windows-31] The WinSplit window manager application for Windows knows to emulate this behaviour.

[xpclose-32] There is no single consistent shortcut for closing a document or quitting an application in Windows XP. In many multiple document interface applications, Ctrl+W or Ctrl+F4 closes a document and Alt+F4 quits. In other applications where each document is in its own window, such as later versions of Microsoft Word, Ctrl+W, Ctrl+F4, and Alt+F4 close a document, and there is no consistent shortcut for quitting an application.

[macoskill-33] Mac OS uses ⌘ Cmd+W Close (window), ⌘ Cmd+Q Quit (application) and ⌘ Cmd+⌥ Opt+Esc Force Quit (application). Quit is closest to Kill.

[34] "Click and Move Mouse Pointer Using the Keypad". GNOME Library. GNOME Foundation. Retrieved 8 May 2012.

[35] "Turn on Sticky Keys". GNOME Library. GNOME Foundation. Retrieved 8 May 2012.

[36] "Turn On Slow Keys". GNOME Library. GNOME Foundation. Retrieved 8 May 2012.

[37] "Turn Off Repeated Key Presses". GNOME Library. GNOME Foundation. Retrieved 8 May 2012.

[38] "Turn On Bounce Keys". GNOME Library. GNOME Foundation. Retrieved 8 May 2012.

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@@ Line 954: / Line 954: @@
 !Moves keyboard focus to next/previous control
 |{{key press/core|Tab}} / {{key press/core|Shift}}+{{key press/core|Tab}}
+|With full keyboard access active (System Preferences > Keyboard > Full Keyboard Access > All Controls)
-|{{key press/core|Tab}} / {{key press/core|Shift}}+{{key press/core|Tab}}
+{{key press/core|Tab}} / {{key press/core|Shift}}+{{key press/core|Tab}}
 |{{key press/core|Tab}} / {{key press/core|Shift}}+{{key press/core|Tab}}
 |{{key press/core|Tab}} / {{key press/core|Shift}}+{{key press/core|Tab}}