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==Fourier analysis== |
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==== Soviet Union ==== |
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* [[Fourier analysis]] |
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==History of astronomy== |
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Although [[Czarist Russia]] had participated in the Olympic Games, after the [[Soviet Union]] was formed, it declined to participate, considering the Olympics bourgeois. As early as 1923, the IOC attempted to lure the Soviets back into the fold; Brundage visited the USSR in 1934. He was impressed by the progress which had been made there since a visit he had made in 1912 after competing in Stockholm. Despite his anti-Communism, Brundage wanted the Russians to join the Olympic movement. According to Guttmann, "When Brundage had to choose between his hostility to Communism and his commitment to the ideal of Olympic universality, he chose the latter. He wanted the Russians in the Olympics, Communists or not."{{sfn|Guttmann|pp=133–134}} |
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* [[History of astronomy]] |
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==History of mathematics== |
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During World War II, Brundage wrote to other IOC members that he had no objection to Soviet involvement in international sports, with representation on the IOC, if the USSR joined the [[List of international sport federations|international sports federations]] (ISFs). The IOC required that an NOC be independent of the government of the territory which it represents; there were concerns a Soviet NOC would not be. This was a problem not unique to communist states; a number of Latin Americans countries were starting to bring the local NOCs into the political structure, with an official naming the NOC chair—who might even be the country's political leader. This mixture of sports and politics worried Brundage.{{sfn|Guttmann|pp=134–135}} |
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* [[History of mathematics]] |
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==Mesopotamia== |
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Beginning in 1946, the Soviets began to join international federations; in 1951 their NOC was recognized by the IOC, and they began Olympic competition the following year. As few Soviet sports officials were internationally-known, the IOC had little alternative than to accept the nominees of the USSR's government if they wished to have Soviet IOC members. The Soviet members were believers in sport, and completely loyal to their nation and to communist ideals. They quickly became the leaders of the IOC members from behind the [[Iron Curtain]], who voted in accord with the Soviet members. Brundage visited the USSR at Soviet invitation (though at his own expense) in 1954. He deemed the nation's [[physical education]] program as "creating the greatest army of athletes the world has ever seen," warning (as he would often through the 1950s) that Americans were by comparison soft and unfit.{{sfn|Guttmann|pp=140–141}} Brundage found his view, often expressed in the press, that physical education and competitive sports made for better citizens, especially in the event of war, more enthusiastically embraced in the Soviet Union than in the United States. According to David Maraniss in his account of the 1960 Rome Games, Brundage's admiration for the Soviet Union's sports programs "in some ways mirrored his response two decades earlier to his encounters with Nazi Germany".{{sfn|Maraniss|pp=250–252}} |
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* [[Mesopotamia]] |
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==Number theory== |
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On his return, he related in an article for ''[[The Saturday Evening Post]]'' that he had confronted Soviet officials with information from defectors stating that the USSR was running year-round training camps and giving athletes material inducements for success. He also repeated the Soviet response, which questioned the defectors' integrity: "These men are deserters, traitors. Would you attach any truth to their statements had they been Americans and had turned against your country?"{{sfn|Maraniss|pp=252–253}} Since Brundage did not comment on the response, there was a storm of controversy in the press, which accused Brundage of being a Soviet dupe.{{sfn|Guttmann|pp=141–142}} Despite the evident conflicts between amateurism and the Soviet system in which athletes received stipends, jobs, and housing at state expense,{{sfn|Maraniss|pp=250–252}} Brundage took no action against the USSR or Warsaw Pact nations with similar systems; when challenged on this point, he argued that Western nations had similar abuses, such as [[athletic scholarship]]s. Although the Soviet system remained in place, Western nations reacted by giving their athletes greater state support.{{sfn|Guttmann|p=142}} |
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* [[Number theory]] |
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==Scientific method== |
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* [[Scientific method]] |
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==Tycho Brahe== |
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* [[Tycho Brahe]] |
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==Universe== |
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* [[Universe]] |
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==Naburimannu== |
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* [[Naburimannu]] |
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==Kidinnu== |
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* [[Kidinnu]] |
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==Babylonia== |
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* [[Babylonia]] |
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==Conon of Samos== |
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* [[Conon of Samos]] |
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==Sexagesimal== |
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* [[Sexagesimal]] |
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==Deferent and epicycle== |
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* [[Deferent and epicycle]] |
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==Greek numerals== |
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* [[Greek numerals]] |
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==Heraclides Ponticus== |
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* [[Heraclides Ponticus]] |
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==Spherical Earth== |
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* [[Spherical Earth]] |
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==Heliocentrism== |
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* [[Heliocentrism]] |
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==Water clock== |
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* [[Water clock]] |
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==Balzan Prize== |
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* [[Balzan Prize]] |
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==Otto Neugebauer == |
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* [[Otto Neugebauer ]] |
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==Archaeoastronomy== |
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* [[Archaeoastronomy]] |
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==Hipparchus== |
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* [[Hipparchus]] |
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==History of astronomy== |
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* [[History of astronomy]] |
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==History of science and technology== |
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* [[History of science and technology]] |
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==Moon== |
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* [[Moon]] |
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==List of astronomers== |
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* [[List of astronomers]] |
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==Oswald Teichmüller== |
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* [[Oswald Teichmüller]] |
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==Heraclides Ponticus== |
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* [[Heraclides Ponticus]] |
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==Immanuel Velikovsky== |
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* [[Immanuel Velikovsky]] |
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==Concentric spheres== |
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* [[Concentric spheres]] |
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==Celestial spheres== |
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* [[Celestial spheres]] |
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==Positional notation== |
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* [[Positional notation]] |
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==Otto Toeplitz== |
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* [[Otto Toeplitz]] |
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==Muḥammad ibn Mūsā al-Khwārizmī== |
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* [[Muḥammad ibn Mūsā al-Khwārizmī]] |
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==Henry Norris Russell Lectureship== |
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* [[Henry Norris Russell Lectureship]] |
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==List of Brown University people== |
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* [[List of Brown University people]] |
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==Great Year== |
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* [[Great Year]] |
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==Meanings of minor planet names: 3001–3500== |
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* [[Meanings of minor planet names: 3001–3500]] |
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==Ages in Chaos== |
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* [[Ages in Chaos]] |
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==Digit (unit)== |
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* [[Digit (unit)]] |
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==Zentralblatt MATH== |
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* [[Zentralblatt MATH]] |
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==Theon of Smyrna== |
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* [[Theon of Smyrna]] |
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==Indian mathematics== |
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* [[Indian mathematics]] |
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==Giza Necropolis== |
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* [[Giza Necropolis]] |
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==Cleomedes== |
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* [[Cleomedes]] |
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==Trepidation (astronomy)== |
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* [[Trepidation (astronomy)]] |
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==Babylonian mathematics== |
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* [[Babylonian mathematics]] |
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==List of Balzan Prize recipients== |
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* [[List of Balzan Prize recipients]] |
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==Exploration of the Moon== |
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* [[Exploration of the Moon]] |
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==Babylonian astronomy== |
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* [[Babylonian astronomy]] |
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==David Pingree== |
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* [[David Pingree]] |
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==Finger counting== |
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* [[Finger counting]] |
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==Dennis Rawlins== |
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* [[Dennis Rawlins]] |
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==Pfizer Award== |
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* [[Pfizer Award]] |
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==Meanings of minor planet names: 3401–3500== |
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* [[Meanings of minor planet names: 3401–3500]] |
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==Time in physics== |
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* [[Time in physics]] |
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==Asger Aaboe== |
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* [[Asger Aaboe]] |
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==Jacob Tamarkin== |
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* [[Jacob Tamarkin]] |
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==Abraham Sachs== |
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* [[Abraham Sachs]] |
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==Edward Stewart Kennedy== |
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* [[Edward Stewart Kennedy]] |
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==Ptolemy's table of chords== |
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* [[Ptolemy's table of chords]] |
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==Gerald J. Toomer== |
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* [[Gerald J. Toomer]] |
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==Diodorus of Alexandria== |
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* [[Diodorus of Alexandria]] |
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==Seleucus of Seleucia== |
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* [[Seleucus of Seleucia]] |
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==Egyptian mathematics== |
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* [[Egyptian mathematics]] |
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==Mathematical Reviews== |
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* [[Mathematical Reviews]] |
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==List of Austrian scientists== |
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* [[List of Austrian scientists]] |
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==O. Neugebauer == |
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* [[O. Neugebauer ]] |
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==Cuneiform== |
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* [[Cuneiform]] |
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==Neugebauer== |
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* [[Neugebauer]] |
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==Plimpton 322== |
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* [[Plimpton 322]] |
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==Decans== |
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* [[Decans]] |
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==Babylonian mathematics== |
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* [[Babylonian mathematics]] |
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==Greek astronomy== |
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* [[Greek astronomy]] |
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==Babylonian astronomy== |
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* [[Babylonian astronomy]] |
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==Otto e. neugebauer == |
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* [[Otto e. neugebauer ]] |
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==Regular number== |
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* [[Regular number]] |
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==List of mathematicians (N)== |
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* [[List of mathematicians (N)]] |
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==Ancient Egyptian technology== |
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* [[Ancient Egyptian technology]] |
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==Egyptian astronomy== |
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* [[Egyptian astronomy]] |
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==Geometry== |
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* [[Geometry]] |
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==MKT== |
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* [[MKT]] |
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==Gerald Neugebauer== |
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* [[Gerald Neugebauer]] |
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==Egyptian multiplication and division== |
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* [[Egyptian multiplication and division]] |
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==Dynamics of the celestial spheres== |
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* [[Dynamics of the celestial spheres]] |
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==Petosiris to Nechepso== |
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* [[Petosiris to Nechepso]] |
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