Mutasarrifate of Jerusalem: Difference between revisions
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The '''Mutasarrifate of Jerusalem''' (also spelled ''Mutesarrifiyyet'') was an [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] district with special administrative status established in 1874.<ref name="Jankowski174">Jankowski, 1997, p. 174.</ref> Encompassing central and southern [[Palestine]], the district was centered in [[Jerusalem]] and included the major towns of [[Gaza]], [[Jaffa]], [[Hebron]], [[Bethlehem]] and [[Beersheba]].<ref name="Beshara">Beshara, 2012, Part 1.</ref> The administrative area previously functioned as a ''[[sanjak]]'' within the [[Syria Vilayet]] (created in 1864, following the [[Tanzimat]] reforms). Together with the [[Sanjak of Nablus]] and [[Sanjak of Acre]], it formed the region that was commonly referred to as "Southern Syria" during the late Ottoman period.<ref name="El-Hasan">El-Hasan, 2010, p. 38.</ref> The area was conquered by the [[Allied Forces]] in 1917 during [[World War I]] and became part of the [[British Mandate of Palestine]].<ref name="Beshara"/> |
The '''Mutasarrifate of Jerusalem''' ({{lang-ar|متصرفية القدس الشريف}}, also spelled ''Mutesarrifiyyet'') was an [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] district with special administrative status established in 1874.<ref name="Jankowski174">Jankowski, 1997, p. 174.</ref> Encompassing central and southern [[Palestine]], the district was centered in [[Jerusalem]] and included the major towns of [[Gaza]], [[Jaffa]], [[Hebron]], [[Bethlehem]] and [[Beersheba]].<ref name="Beshara">Beshara, 2012, Part 1.</ref> The administrative area previously functioned as a ''[[sanjak]]'' within the [[Syria Vilayet]] (created in 1864, following the [[Tanzimat]] reforms). Together with the [[Sanjak of Nablus]] and [[Sanjak of Acre]], it formed the region that was commonly referred to as "Southern Syria" during the late Ottoman period.<ref name="El-Hasan">El-Hasan, 2010, p. 38.</ref> The area was conquered by the [[Allied Forces]] in 1917 during [[World War I]] and became part of the [[British Mandate of Palestine]].<ref name="Beshara"/> |
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The political status of the Mutasarrifate of Jerusalem was unique to other Ottoman province since it came under the direct authority of the state capital [[Istanbul]].<ref name="Jankowski174"/> The inhabitants identified themselves primarily on religious terms.<ref name="El-Hasan"/> However, the relative independence of the district combined with European interests in the area affected the local population's idea of belonging to a country. Towards the end of the 19th-century, the idea that Palestine or the Mutasarifate of Jerusalem alone formed a country became widespread among the educated [[Arab]] classes. In 1908 former Jerusalem official Najib Azuri proposed the elevation of the ''mutassarifate'' to the status of ''[[vilayet]]'' to the [[Ottoman Parliament]].<ref name="Jankowski174"/> |
The political status of the Mutasarrifate of Jerusalem was unique to other Ottoman province since it came under the direct authority of the state capital [[Istanbul]].<ref name="Jankowski174"/> The inhabitants identified themselves primarily on religious terms.<ref name="El-Hasan"/> However, the relative independence of the district combined with European interests in the area affected the local population's idea of belonging to a country. Towards the end of the 19th-century, the idea that Palestine or the Mutasarifate of Jerusalem alone formed a country became widespread among the educated [[Arab]] classes. In 1908 former Jerusalem official Najib Azuri proposed the elevation of the ''mutassarifate'' to the status of ''[[vilayet]]'' to the [[Ottoman Parliament]].<ref name="Jankowski174"/> |
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Revision as of 03:25, 5 July 2012
Mutasarrifate of Jerusalem | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1874–1918 | |||||||||
.svg) | |||||||||
 Territories included in Syrian provinces around 1900 | |||||||||
| Status | Administrative District | ||||||||
| Capital | Jerusalem | ||||||||
| Common languages | Ottoman Turkish, Syrian Arabic | ||||||||
| History | |||||||||
• Established | 1874 | ||||||||
• Invasion by Muhammad Ali of Egypt | 1831 | ||||||||
| 1918 | |||||||||
| |||||||||
| Today part of |  Israel  Palestinian Authority | ||||||||
The Mutasarrifate of Jerusalem (Template:Lang-ar, also spelled Mutesarrifiyyet) was an Ottoman district with special administrative status established in 1874.[1] Encompassing central and southern Palestine, the district was centered in Jerusalem and included the major towns of Gaza, Jaffa, Hebron, Bethlehem and Beersheba.[2] The administrative area previously functioned as a sanjak within the Syria Vilayet (created in 1864, following the Tanzimat reforms). Together with the Sanjak of Nablus and Sanjak of Acre, it formed the region that was commonly referred to as "Southern Syria" during the late Ottoman period.[3] The area was conquered by the Allied Forces in 1917 during World War I and became part of the British Mandate of Palestine.[2]
The political status of the Mutasarrifate of Jerusalem was unique to other Ottoman province since it came under the direct authority of the state capital Istanbul.[1] The inhabitants identified themselves primarily on religious terms.[3] However, the relative independence of the district combined with European interests in the area affected the local population's idea of belonging to a country. Towards the end of the 19th-century, the idea that Palestine or the Mutasarifate of Jerusalem alone formed a country became widespread among the educated Arab classes. In 1908 former Jerusalem official Najib Azuri proposed the elevation of the mutassarifate to the status of vilayet to the Ottoman Parliament.[1]
The district's villages were normally inhabited by farmers while its towns were populated by merchants, artisans, landowners and money-lenders. The elite consisted of the religious leadership, wealthy landlords and high-ranking civil servants.[3]
See also
References
Bibliography
- Beshara, Adel (2012). The Origins of Syrian Nationhood: Histories, Pioneers and Identity. CRC Press. ISBN 1136724508.
- El-Hasan, Hasan Afif (2010). Israel Or Palestine? Is the Two-state Solution Already Dead?: A Political and Military History of the Palestinian-Israeli Conflict. Algora Publishing. ISBN 0875867936.
- Jankowski, James P. (1997). Rethinking Nationalism in the Arab Middle East. Columbia University Press. ISBN 0231106955.