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{{Taxobox
{{Taxobox
| name = Stripe-headed Brush Finch
| name = White-browed Brush Finch
| image = Arremon torquatus 1847.jpg
| image = Arremon torquatus 1847.jpg
| status = LC
| status = LC
Line 17: Line 17:
}}
}}


The '''Stripe-headed Brush Finch''' (''Arremon torquatus''), also known as the '''Stripe-headed Brush-finch''', is a species of [[bird]] in the [[Emberizidae]] family. It is found in north-western [[Argentina]], [[Bolivia]], [[Colombia]], [[Ecuador]], [[Peru]], and northern and western [[Venezuela]]. It is generally common in forest and dense [[second growth]], mainly at altitudes of {{convert|2000|to|3000|m|ft}}, but locally it occurs far lower.<ref name=SouthAmerica>Ridgely, R. S., & G. Tudor. (1989). ''Birds of South America. The Oscine Passerines.'' Vol. 1. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-857217-4</ref>
The '''White-browed Brush Finch''' (''Arremon torquatus'') is a species of [[bird]] in the [[Emberizidae]] family. It is found in north-western [[Argentina]], [[Bolivia]], and southern [[Peru]]. It is generally common in forest and dense [[second growth]], mainly at altitudes of {{convert|2000|to|3000|m|ft}}, but locally it occurs far lower.<ref name=SouthAmerica>Ridgely, R. S., & G. Tudor. (1989). ''Birds of South America. The Oscine Passerines.'' Vol. 1. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-857217-4</ref>


==Taxonomy==
==Taxonomy==
Until recently, the Stripe-headed Brush Finch was placed in the [[genus]] ''[[Buarremon]]''.<ref>Cadena, C. D., J. Klicka and R. E. Ricklefs. (2007). ''Evolutionary differentiation in the Neotropical montane region: molecular phylogenetics and phylogeography of Buarremon brush-finches (Aves, Emberizidae).'' Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 44(3): 993-1016.</ref>
Until recently, the White-broweded Brush Finch was placed in the [[genus]] ''[[Buarremon]]''.<ref>Cadena, C. D., J. Klicka and R. E. Ricklefs. (2007). ''Evolutionary differentiation in the Neotropical montane region: molecular phylogenetics and phylogeography of Buarremon brush-finches (Aves, Emberizidae).'' Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 44(3): 993-1016.</ref>


The Stripe-headed Brush Finch often includes the [[Black-headed Brush Finch]] (''A. atricapillus'') as a [[subspecies]], but the distributions of the two approach each other closely in Colombia with no evidence of [[intergradation]].<ref name=SouthAmerica/> When split, the [[taxon]] ''costaricensis'' of [[Costa Rica]] and western [[Panama]] has been treated as a [[monotypic]] species (the Grey-striped Brush-finch, ''A. costaricensis''), a subspecies of the Stripe-headed Brush Finch, or a subspecies of the Black-headed Brush Finch, with most recent authorities preferring the last treatment.<ref name=SouthAmerica/> Even with these as separate species, considerable racial variation exists in the Stripe-headed Brush Finch. Based on [[ecology]], [[Morphology (biology)|morphology]], song, and [[molecular]] work it has recently been suggested that it should be split into six species (in addition to before mentioned ''A. atricapillus'' and ''A. costaricensis'').<ref name= CadenaCuervo>Cadena, C. D., and A. M. Cuervo (2009). ''Molecules, ecology, morphology, and songs in concert: how many species is Arremon torquatus (Aves: Emberizidae)?'' Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 99(1): 152-176</ref> Approximately from south to north these are:<ref name= CadenaCuervo/>
Cpnsiderable racial variation existed in the formerly named Stripe-headed Brush Finch, that based on [[ecology]], [[Morphology (biology)|morphology]], song, and [[molecular]] work it was recently been suggested that it be split into eight species.<ref name= CadenaCuervo>Cadena, C. D., and A. M. Cuervo (2009). ''Molecules, ecology, morphology, and songs in concert: how many species is Arremon torquatus (Aves: Emberizidae)?'' Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 99(1): 152-176</ref> Approximately from south to north these are:<ref name= CadenaCuervo/>
* ''Arremon torquatus'' (with subspecies ''fimbriatus'' and ''borelli'') in the [[Andes]] from north-western Argentina to far southern Peru.
*[[White-browed Brush Finch]], ''Arremon torquatus'' (with subspecies ''fimbriatus'' and ''borelli'') in the [[Andes]] from north-western Argentina to far southern Peru.
*[[Grey-striped Brush Finch]], ''Arremon costaricensis'' (monotypic) in Costa Rica and western Panama.
⚫
* ''Arremon assimilis'' (with subspecies ''larensis'', ''nigrifrons'' and ''poliophrys'') in the Andes from Peru to Venezuela.
* ''Arremon perijanus'' (monotypic) in the [[Perijá Mountains]] on the border of Colombia and Venezuela.
*[[Black-headed Brush Finch]], ''Arremon atricapillus'' (with subspecies ''tacarcunae'') in eastern Panama and northern Colombia.
⚫
*[[Grey-browed Brush Finch]], ''Arremon assimilis'' (with subspecies ''larensis'', ''nigrifrons'' and ''poliophrys'') in the Andes from Peru to Venezuela.
* ''Arremon basilicus'' (monotypic) in the [[Santa Marta Mountains]] in Colombia.
* ''Arremon phaeopleurus'' (monotypic) in the western [[Venezuelan Coastal Range]].
*[[Perijá Brush Finch]], ''Arremon perijanus'' (monotypic) in the [[Perijá Mountains]] on the border of Colombia and Venezuela.
* ''Arremon phygas'' (monotypic) in the eastern Venezuelan Coastal Range.
*[[Sierra Nevada Brush Finch]], ''Arremon basilicus'' (monotypic) in the [[Santa Marta Mountains]] in Colombia.
*[[Caracas Brush Finch]], ''Arremon phaeopleurus'' (monotypic) in the western [[Venezuelan Coastal Range]].
*[[Perija Brush Finch]], ''Arremon phygas'' (monotypic) in the eastern Venezuelan Coastal Range.


==References==<!-- BolSAO16-01:59. Caldasia27:247. Condor109:321. -->
==References==<!-- BolSAO16-01:59. Caldasia27:247. Condor109:321. -->
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}
* BirdLife International 2006. [http://www.iucnredlist.org/search/details.php/53625/all Buarremon torquatus]. [http://www.iucnredlist.org 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. ] Downloaded on 25 July 2007.
* BirdLife International 2006. [http://www.iucnredlist.org/search/details.php/53625/all Buarremon torquatus]. [http://www.iucnredlist.org 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. ] Downloaded on 25 July 2007.
* {{Cite web
| last = South American Classification Committee
| authorlink = South American Classification Committee
| title = Proposal (#468) to South American Classification Committee – Species limits in ''Arremon torquatus''.
| date = September 2010
| url = http://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCprop468.html
| accessdate = July 24, 2012}}


[[Category:Buarremon]]
[[Category:Arremon]]
[[Category:Birds of the Andes]]
[[Category:Birds of the Andes]]
[[Category:Birds of Argentina]]
[[Category:Birds of Argentina]]
[[Category:Birds of Bolivia]]
[[Category:Birds of Bolivia]]
[[Category:Birds of Colombia]]
[[Category:Birds of Ecuador]]
[[Category:Birds of Peru]]
[[Category:Birds of Peru]]
[[Category:Birds of Venezuela]]



{{Emberizidae-stub}}
{{Emberizidae-stub}}

Revision as of 14:33, 24 July 2012

White-browed Brush Finch
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Chordata
Class:
Aves
Order:
Passeriformes
Family:
Emberizidae
Genus:
Arremon
Species:
A. torquatus
Binomial name
Arremon torquatus
(Lafresnaye & D'Orbigny, 1837)
Synonyms

Buarremon torquatus (Lafresnaye & D'Orbigny, 1837)

The White-browed Brush Finch (Arremon torquatus) is a species of bird in the Emberizidae family. It is found in north-western Argentina, Bolivia, and southern Peru. It is generally common in forest and dense second growth, mainly at altitudes of 2,000 to 3,000 metres (6,600 to 9,800 ft), but locally it occurs far lower.[1]

Taxonomy

Until recently, the White-broweded Brush Finch was placed in the genus Buarremon.[2]

Cpnsiderable racial variation existed in the formerly named Stripe-headed Brush Finch, that based on ecology, morphology, song, and molecular work it was recently been suggested that it be split into eight species.[3] Approximately from south to north these are:[3]

References

  1. ^ Ridgely, R. S., & G. Tudor. (1989). Birds of South America. The Oscine Passerines. Vol. 1. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-857217-4
  2. ^ Cadena, C. D., J. Klicka and R. E. Ricklefs. (2007). Evolutionary differentiation in the Neotropical montane region: molecular phylogenetics and phylogeography of Buarremon brush-finches (Aves, Emberizidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 44(3): 993-1016.
  3. ^ a b Cadena, C. D., and A. M. Cuervo (2009). Molecules, ecology, morphology, and songs in concert: how many species is Arremon torquatus (Aves: Emberizidae)? Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 99(1): 152-176
  • BirdLife International 2006. Buarremon torquatus. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Downloaded on 25 July 2007.
  • South American Classification Committee (September 2010). "Proposal (#468) to South American Classification Committee – Species limits in Arremon torquatus". Retrieved July 24, 2012.
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