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The Windows 8 Pro upgrade for Windows 7 users will be easiest and most seamless of the upgrade paths because all user settings, personal files, and apps remain intact. For those upgrading from Windows Vista, only user settings and personal files are preserved, but not apps; and for those upgrading from Windows XP, only personal files (but not user settings or apps) will survive. Apps which do not survive may, however, be reinstalled (assuming user still has all installation files and/or media, and authentication/registration codes/keys and/or serial numbers).<ref name="microsoftrevealsprice" />
The Windows 8 Pro upgrade for Windows 7 users will be easiest and most seamless of the upgrade paths because all user settings, personal files, and apps remain intact. For those upgrading from Windows Vista, only user settings and personal files are preserved, but not apps; and for those upgrading from Windows XP, only personal files (but not user settings or apps) will survive. Apps which do not survive may, however, be reinstalled (assuming user still has all installation files and/or media, and authentication/registration codes/keys and/or serial numbers).<ref name="microsoftrevealsprice" />


Those who purchase qualifying Windows 7 PCs between June 2, 2012 and January 31, 2013 will be eligible to register and download an upgrade to Windows 8 Pro, via the [http://www.windowsupgradeoffer.com ''Windows Upgrade Offer'' website], for only $14.99, through February 28, 2013.<ref name="mydigitallifewin8upgrade" /> A ''qualified'' PC is a new PC purchased during the aforementioned June 2 through January 31 promotional period with a valid Windows 7 OEM Certificate of Authenticity and product key for, and preinstalled with, the following editions:<ref>{{cite web |url=http://windowsupgradeoffer.com/en-US/Home/ProgramInfo |title=Windows Upgrade Offer Program Info |publisher=Microsoft |date=July 2012}}</ref>
Those who purchase qualifying Windows 7 PCs between June 2, 2012 and January 31, 2013 will be eligible to register and download an upgrade to Windows 8 Pro, via the [http://www.windowsupgradeoffer.com ''Windows Upgrade Offer'' website], for only $14.99, through February 28, 2013.<ref name="mydigitallifewin8upgrade" /> A ''qualified'' PC is a new PC purchased during the aforementioned June 2 through January 31 promotional period with a valid Windows 7 OEM Certificate of Authenticity and product key for, and preinstalled with, the following editions:<ref name="windowsupgradeoffer">{{cite web |url=http://windowsupgradeoffer.com/en-US/Home/ProgramInfo |title=Windows Upgrade Offer Program Info |publisher=Microsoft |date=July 2012}}</ref>


* Windows 7 Home Basic
* Windows 7 Home Basic

Revision as of 13:33, 25 July 2012

Windows 8
File:Windows 8 Release Preview Start Screen.png
Screenshot of the Start Screen in the Windows 8 Release Preview (Build 8400)
DeveloperMicrosoft Corporation
OS familyMicrosoft Windows
Released to
manufacturing		RTM version: Expected in the first week of August, 2012
Retail version: October 26, 2012
Latest previewRelease Preview (6.2.8400.0) / May 31, 2012; 12 years ago (2012-05-31)[1]
Update methodWindows Update
Platformsx86, x86-64 and ARM[2]
Kernel typeHybrid
LicenseProprietary commercial software
Preceded byWindows 7
Official websiteWindows 8
Support status
In development
Articles in the series

Windows 8 is the next version of Microsoft Windows, a series of operating systems produced by Microsoft for use on personal computers, including home and business desktops, laptops, tablets, and home theater PCs. The release to manufacturing (RTM) is expected in the first week of August 2012,[3] and Windows 8 will be available to users starting October 26, 2012.[4] Windows 8's server counterpart, Windows Server 2012, is in development concurrently with Windows 8. The most recent official pre-release version of Windows 8 is the Release Preview, which was released on May 31, 2012; 12 years ago (2012-05-31).

According to the Windows Design Team, Windows 8 has been "reimagined from the chipset to the user experience,"[5] whereas Windows 7 was intended to be a more focused, incremental upgrade to the Windows line.[6] Windows 8 features a new user interface based on Microsoft's Metro design language, similar to that in Windows Phone. The new interface is designed to better suit touchscreen input, along with traditional mouse and keyboard input. A version of Windows 8, called Windows RT, also adds support for the ARM processor architecture in addition to the previously supported x86 microprocessors from Intel, AMD, and VIA.[5]

Development history

Early announcements

Windows 8 development started before Windows 7 had shipped[7] in 2009. However, it was in January 2011, at the Consumer Electronics Show (CES), that Microsoft announced that Windows 8 would be adding support for ARM microprocessors in addition to the x86 microprocessors from Intel, AMD and VIA.[8][9] On June 1, 2011, Microsoft officially unveiled Windows 8 and its new user interface as well as additional features at the Taipei Computex 2011 in Taipei (Taiwan) by Mike Angiulo and at the D9 conference in California (United States) by Julie Larson-Green and Microsoft's Windows President Steven Sinofsky.[10][11] A month before the BUILD conference was held, Microsoft opened a new blog called "Building Windows 8" for users and developers on August 15, 2011.[12]

Milestone leaks

  • A 32-bit Milestone 1 build, build 7850, with a build date of September 22, 2010, was leaked to BetaArchive, an online beta community, and to P2P/torrent sharing networks as well on April 12, 2011.[13] Milestone 1 includes a ribbon interface for Windows Explorer,[14] a PDF reader called Modern Reader, an updated task manager called Modern Task Manager,[15] native ISO image mounting[16] and updated Microsoft IME icons.
  • A 32-bit Milestone 2 build, build 7927, was leaked to The Pirate Bay on August 29, 2011[17] right after many pictures leaked on BetaArchive the day before.[18] Features of this build are mostly the same as build 7955.[19]
  • A 32-bit Milestone 2, build 7955, was leaked to BetaArchive on April 25, 2011.[20] Features of this build included a new pattern login and a new file system known as Protogon, which is now known as ReFS and only included in server versions.[21]
  • A Milestone 3 build, build 7971, was released to close partners of Microsoft on March 29, 2011[22] but was kept under heavy security. However, a few screenshots were leaked. The "Windows 7 Basic" theme now uses similar metrics to the Aero style, but maintains its non-hardware accelerated design, and also supports taskbar thumbnails. The boxes that encase the "close, maximize, and minimize" buttons have been removed, leaving just the signs.[23]
  • A 64-bit Milestone 3 build, build 7989, leaked to Win7vista on June 18, 2011[24][25] after screenshots were revealed on "My Digital Life" forums.[26][27] An SMS feature, a new virtual keyboard, a new bootscreen, transparency in the basic theme, geo-location services, Hyper-V 3.0, and PowerShell 3.0 were revealed in this build.[28]

Developer Preview

A screenshot of Windows 8 Developer Preview running on a multi-monitor system, showcasing many features

Microsoft unveiled new Windows 8 features and improvements on the first day of the BUILD conference on September 13, 2011.[29] Microsoft also released the Windows Developer Preview (build 8102) of Windows 8 for the developer community to download and start working with.This developer preview includes tools for building Metro style apps, such as Microsoft Windows SDK for Metro style applications, Microsoft Visual Studio 11 Express for Windows 8 Developer Preview and Microsoft Expression Blend 5 developer preview.[30] According to Microsoft, there were more than 500,000 downloads of the developer preview within the first 12 hours of its release.[31] The Developer Preview also introduced the Start screen. The Start button in the desktop opened the Start screen instead of the Start menu.

On 16 February 2012, Microsoft postponed the expiration date of the developer preview. Originally set to expire on 11 March 2012, this release is now set to expire on 15 January 2013.[32]

Consumer Preview

On 29 February 2012, Microsoft released Windows 8 Consumer Preview, the beta version of Windows 8, build 8250. For the first time since Windows 95, the Start button is no longer present on the taskbar, though the Start screen is still triggered by clicking the bottom-left corner of the screen and by clicking Start in the Charm.[33] Windows president Steven Sinofsky said more than 100,000 changes had been made since the developer version went public.[33] In the first day of its release, Windows 8 Consumer Preview was downloaded over one million times.[34][35] Like the Developer Preview, the Consumer Preview is set to expire on January 15, 2013.

Release Preview

At Japan's Developers Day conference, Steven Sinofsky announced that the Windows 8 Release Preview (build 8400) would be released during the first week of June.[36] On May 28, 2012, the Windows 8 Release Preview (Standard Simplified Chinese x64 edition, not China-specific version, build 8400) was leaked online on various Chinese and BitTorrent websites.[37] On May 31, 2012, Windows 8 Release Preview was released to the public by Microsoft.[38]

The major inclusions in Release Preview is the support of a Flash plugin in Metro Style Internet Explorer 10 Application and three new Metro-style applications: Sports, Travel, and News.[39] Unlike the Developer Preview and the Consumer Preview, the release preview is set to expire on January 16, 2013, 1 day later than usual.

Release to Manufacturing

Microsoft has announced that Windows 8 RTM is to be completed on the first week of August 2012.[3]

General availability (GA)

Windows 8 retail will be released on Friday, October 26, 2012.[4]

New features

Main article: Features new to Windows 8

Metro UI

Windows 8 will employ a new user interface based on Microsoft's Metro design language. The Metro environment will feature a new tile-based Start screen similar to that of the Windows Phone operating system. Each tile will represent an application, and will be able to display relevant information such as the number of unread messages on the tile for an e-mail app or the current temperature on a weather application. Metro-style applications run in full-screen, and are able to share information between each other using "contracts".[40] They will be available only through Windows Store.[41] Metro-style apps are developed with the new Windows Runtime platform using various programming languages (or in the case of HTML, a mark-up language) including: C++, Visual Basic, C#, and HTML/JavaScript.

The traditional desktop environment for running desktop applications is treated as a Metro app. The Start button has been removed from the taskbar in favor of a Start button on the new charm bar, as well as a hotspot in the bottom-left corner. Both open the new Start screen, which replaces the Start menu.[42]

The boot manager, which is used at startup to select the operating system now uses a graphical interface that allows touch and mouse input. It can also be expanded via the settings menu.[43]

Other features

File:Win 8 Runing.ogg
A laptop showing Windows 8's Hybrid Boot
Bootable Windows To Go USB flash drive
  • Internet Explorer 10 will be included as a Metro-style app, which will not support plugins or ActiveX components, but includes a version of Adobe Flash Player that is optimized for touch and low power usage and works only on sites included on a whitelist. The desktop version includes the full version of Flash Player, as well as support for plugins.[44]
  • It is now possible to log into Windows using a Microsoft account. This will allow the user's profile and settings to be synchronized over the Internet and accessible from other computers running Windows 8, as well as integration with SkyDrive.[45]
  • Windows Store has been added for purchasing and downloading Metro apps as well as advertising desktop apps. Windows Store will be the only way to acquire software for Windows RT.
  • Two new authentication methods have been added: picture password, which allows users to log in by drawing three gestures in different places on a picture,[46][47] and PIN log in, which allows users to authenticate using a four digit pin.[48]
  • File Explorer will include a ribbon toolbar, and have its file operation progress dialog updated to provide more detailed statistics, the ability to pause file transfers, and improvements in the ability to manage conflicts when copying files.[49]
  • Hybrid Boot will use hibernation technology to allow faster startup times by saving the Windows core's memory to the hard disk and reloading it upon boot.[50][51][52]
  • Windows To Go will allow Windows 8 Enterprise to boot and run from a bootable USB device (such as a flash drive).[53][54]
  • Two new recovery functions are included, Refresh and Reset. Refresh restores all Windows files to their original state while keeping settings, files, and Metro-style apps, while reset takes the computer back to factory default condition.[55]
  • USB 3.0 is now supported natively.[56]
  • A new lock screen displays a clock and notifications while the computer is locked.[57]
  • Task Manager has been redesigned.[58]
  • Xbox Live integration (including Xbox Live Arcade, Xbox Companion and Xbox Music)[59]
  • Storage Spaces will allow users to combine different sized hard disks into virtual drives and specify mirroring, parity, or no redundancy on a folder-by-folder basis.[60]
  • Family Safety will allow parents to protect their children on the Internet, as well as monitor and control their PC and Internet activities and usage.[61][62][63]
  • Windows Defender now has anti-virus capabilities, similar to those of Microsoft Security Essentials. It is intended to replace the Security Essentials package and function as the default anti-virus program.[64]

Hardware requirements

As of Windows 8 Release Preview, the minimum system requirements are the same as Windows 7 (except for CPU); these system requirements may change in the final release.[65]

Minimum hardware requirements for Windows 8 Release Preview
Architecture x86 (32-bit) x86-64 (64-bit)
Processor 1 GHz (with PAE, NX and SSE2 support)[66]
Memory (RAM) 1 GB 2 GB
Graphics Card DirectX 9 graphics device with WDDM 1.0 or higher driver
Storage 16 GB 20 GB

To use touch input features, touch enabled hardware is required.

File:Windows 8 Multitasking.png
Multitasking in Windows 8

To run Metro applications, a screen resolution of 1024x768 or higher is required to run one app at a time, and a resolution of 1366x768 is required to run two apps side-by-side using snap.[67]

Microsoft has said that the following virtualization products can be used to run Windows 8 Consumer Preview: Hyper-V in Windows 8 Developer Preview, Hyper-V in Windows Server 2008 R2, VMware Workstation 8.0.2 for Windows, VirtualBox 4.1.8 for Windows, Parallels Workstation 6 for Windows, Parallels Desktop 4 for Windows, and XenDesktop 5.5.[68]

Microsoft requires that Windows 8 PCs support no-reboot upgrade of graphic card drivers and Windows 8 PCs should resume in two seconds or less, but the two seconds resume requirement is relaxed for ARM based PCs.[69]

Tablets/convertibles

Microsoft has released minimum hardware requirements for new tablet and convertible devices designed for Windows 8. Microsoft has defined a convertible form factor as a standalone device that combines the PC, display and rechargeable power source with a mechanically attached keyboard and pointing device in a single chassis. A convertible can be transformed into a tablet where the attached input devices are hidden or removed leaving the display as the only input mechanism.[70][71]

Hardware certification requirements for Windows tablets[72]
Graphics Card DirectX 10 graphics device with WDDM 1.2 or higher driver
Storage 10GB free space, after the out-of-box experience completes
Standard buttons 'Power', 'Rotation lock', 'Windows Key', 'Volume-up', 'Volume-down'
Screen Touch screen supporting a minimum of 5-point digitizers and resolution of at least 1366x768. The physical dimensions of the display panel must match the aspect ratio of the native resolution. The native resolution of the panel can be greater than 1366 (horizontally) and 768 (vertically). Minimum native color depth is 32-bits.
Camera Minimum 720p
Ambient light sensor 1–30k lux capable with dynamic range of 5–60K
Accelerometer 3 axes with data rates at or above 50 Hz
USB 2.0 At least one controller and exposed port.
Connect Wi-Fi and Bluetooth 4.0 + LE (low energy)
Other Speaker，microphone，magnetometer and gyroscope.

If a mobile broadband device is integrated into a tablet or convertible system, then an assisted GPS radio is required. Devices supporting near field communication need to have visual marks to help users locate and use the proximity technology. The new button combination for Ctrl + Alt + Del is Windows Key + Power.

Secure boot

See also: Unified Extensible Firmware Interface § Secure Boot, and Hardware restrictions § Windows 8

Secure boot is a controversial[73][74][75][76] UEFI-based feature to "prevent unauthorized firmware, operating systems, or UEFI drivers from running at boot time".[77]

Hardware makers who choose the optional Microsoft Certification will be required to implement UEFI. Microsoft will also require that manufacturers offer the ability to turn off the secure boot feature on x86 hardware,[78] but they must not offer such an option on ARM hardware. No mandate is made regarding the installation of third-party certificates that would enable running alternate software.[79][80][81]

In September 2011, Matthew Garrett, an employee of competitor Red Hat, raised the possible risk of Microsoft locking out alternative systems,[82] leading to media coverage.[83][84][85][86] Microsoft addressed the issue in a blog post,[87][88] stating that "At the end of the day, the customer is in control of their PC. Microsoft’s philosophy is to provide customers with the best experience first, and allow them to make decisions themselves",[89] with the promise that disabling SecureBoot on Windows 8 devices would be possible.[90][91][92][93] However, Microsoft later reversed this position, and in January 2012, Microsoft released certification requirements for Windows 8, specifying that disabling Secure Boot on ARM-based devices "MUST NOT be possible",[75][78][94][95][96] which raised concerns,[97][98][99] particularly in the Linux community.[100][101][102]

Fedora Linux, in order to get around secure boot for their upcoming release, purchased a security key from VeriSign at a discounted price of US$99 through the Windows Dev Center,[103][104][105] causing some controversy in the Fedora community.[106] The Free Software Foundation has commented on the issue,[107][108][109] covering the use of GRUB and both Ubuntu and Fedora's approaches.[110]

Software compatibility

Windows 8 for x86/64 processors will run most software compatible with previous versions of Windows, with the same restrictions as Windows 7: 64-bit Windows 8 will be able to run 64-bit and 32-bit software while 32-bit Windows 8 will be able to run 32-bit and 16-bit software (although some 16-bit software may require compatibility settings to be applied, or not work at all).

Windows on ARM processors (Windows RT) will only support applications included with the system (including some Office 15 desktop applications), supplied through Windows Update, or Metro applications acquired through the Windows Store. Windows on ARM will not support running, emulating, or porting existing x86/64 desktop applications to ensure the quality of apps available on ARM.[111]

Metro applications can be cross-compatible with both x86/64 based systems and Windows on ARM, or compiled to support a specific architecture.[112]

Upgrade offers

On July 2, 2012, Microsoft announced that once Windows 8 is generally released on October 26,[4] then from that date through January 2013, there will be two (one costing $69.99, and one costing $39.99) ways to upgrade to Windows 8 Pro from earlier Windows versions.[113] These two methods come on the heels of Microsoft's confirming, in late May 2012,[114][115] that it would offer a $14.99 Windows 8 Pro upgrade to purchasers of new PCs with Windows 7 pre-installed on them.

In none of Microsoft's announcements or confirmations of these promotional prices did it specify what will be the long-term, permanent upgrade pricing for Windows 8 and Windows 8 Pro.

Though Microsoft had earlier announced that Windows Media Center, and native CD/DVD playability, will not be included in Windows 8, this promotion allows users to install Windows Media Center for free once they've completed the upgrade.[116]

The Windows 8 Pro upgrade for Windows 7 users will be easiest and most seamless of the upgrade paths because all user settings, personal files, and apps remain intact. For those upgrading from Windows Vista, only user settings and personal files are preserved, but not apps; and for those upgrading from Windows XP, only personal files (but not user settings or apps) will survive. Apps which do not survive may, however, be reinstalled (assuming user still has all installation files and/or media, and authentication/registration codes/keys and/or serial numbers).[116]

Those who purchase qualifying Windows 7 PCs between June 2, 2012 and January 31, 2013 will be eligible to register and download an upgrade to Windows 8 Pro, via the Windows Upgrade Offer website, for only $14.99, through February 28, 2013.[113] A qualified PC is a new PC purchased during the aforementioned June 2 through January 31 promotional period with a valid Windows 7 OEM Certificate of Authenticity and product key for, and preinstalled with, the following editions:[117]

  • Windows 7 Home Basic
  • Windows 7 Home Premium
  • Windows 7 Professional
  • Windows 7 Ultimate

The Windows 7 Starter and Enterprise editions are ineligible for the US $14.99 upgrade. The upgrade must be performed via registration on the Microsoft Windows Upgrade Offer website. After registration on the site (which must be done from the eligible PC so that its copy of Windows 7 may be validated), registrants will receive a confirmation email. Then, after Windows 8's general release, said customers will receive another email with a promotion code and instructions for purchasing and downloading the Windows 8 Pro upgrade; which promotion code will be redeemed during the upgrade ordering process to receive the promotional $14.99 price.[117]

An optional installation DVD will also be available for an additional fee (likely $15, plus shipping and handling, based on what the downloadable $39.99 upgraders have been told they'll pay for one); or those who download the Windows 8 Pro upgrade will be able to create their own bootable installation media on DVD or USB flash drive from the downloaded Windows 8 Pro upgrade.[117]

Warranty

The Windows 8 Pro upgrades obtained via these promotional prices will include 90-days of no-charge support from Microsoft which will begin at the moment the Windows 8 is installed and activation is completed.[117]

On February 18, 2012, Microsoft confirmed that in Windows 8 the Windows logo will be significantly updated to reflect the new Metro design language. The logo was designed by Pentagram partner Paula Scher. The formerly flag-shaped logo has been transformed into four window panes, perspective was added, and the entire logo will be rendered in a single solid color, which will depend on the user's personalization changes.[118]

Editions

Main article: Windows 8 editions

On April 16, 2012, Microsoft announced that Windows 8 will be available in four main editions. Windows 8 and Windows 8 Pro will be available for retail sale to consumers in most countries.[119] The other editions are not available in retail. The new Windows RT edition is only available preinstalled by OEMs on ARM-based devices while the Enterprise edition is only available through volume licensing.[119]

See also

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