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The ''Cedid Atlas'' was published in parallel with the developments of the [[Ottoman Empire]]'s [[Nizam-ı Cedid]], the "New-Order" or the "New System" ("Cedid" means "new" and "Nizam" means "system", "regime", or "order") and its title-name reflects this clearly. The atlas was new in terms of cartographical knowledge and well suited to the new system which tried to introduce new institutions into the [[Ottoman Empire]] while trying to replace existing ones with contemporary counterparts from the [[West]]. Introduced by the the ruling [[padishah]] (the [[sultan]]) of the [[Ottoman Empire]], [[Selim III]], the "New-Order" included a series of reforms which mainly modernized and changed the structure of the then existing [[Ottoman army]] and changed the administrative structure of the Empire. It was an effort to catch up with technical, military, economic, and administrative achievements of the [[West]] against which the [[Ottoman Empire]] was losing grounds since the [[17th century]]. New military and engineering schools were established and governmental units related with the foreign relations and affairs were re-organized to align with the new system. For these schools, governmental units, and the wholly re-organized army reformed according to the [[European]] practice, a new understanding and applications of geography of the standards of the [[West]] were necessary and the ''Cedid Atlas'' was translated and printed for this purpose.
The ''Cedid Atlas'' was published in parallel with the developments of the [[Ottoman Empire]]'s [[Nizam-ı Cedid]], the "New-Order" or the "New System" ("Cedid" means "new" and "Nizam" means "system", "regime", or "order") and its title-name reflects this clearly. The atlas was new in terms of cartographical knowledge and well suited to the new system which tried to introduce new institutions into the [[Ottoman Empire]] while trying to replace existing ones with contemporary counterparts from the [[West]]. Introduced by the the ruling [[padishah]] (the [[sultan]]) of the [[Ottoman Empire]], [[Selim III]], the "New-Order" included a series of reforms which mainly modernized and changed the structure of the then existing [[Ottoman army]] and changed the administrative structure of the Empire. It was an effort to catch up with technical, military, economic, and administrative achievements of the [[West]] against which the [[Ottoman Empire]] was losing grounds since the [[17th century]]. New military and engineering schools were established and governmental units related with the foreign relations and affairs were re-organized to align with the new system. For these schools, governmental units, and the wholly re-organized army reformed according to the [[European]] practice, a new understanding and applications of geography of the standards of the [[West]] were necessary and the ''Cedid Atlas'' was translated and printed for this purpose.


Only 50 copies of this atlas (measuring 36 cm x 53 cm) were printed at the press. A copy was presented to [[Selim III]]; several copies were also presented to the high-ranking officials of the Empire, some were reserved for the library of Muhendishane (military school of the time), and the remaining were reserved for sale. However, during the "Alemdar Vakası", an uprising of the [[janissaries]] in [[Istanbul]] during November 15-18, 1808<ref name=Kinross431-434>Kinross(1977), pp 431-434.</ref>, a fire at the warehouse of the press destroyed an unknown (unaccounted) number of the copies reserved for sale<ref name="Uskudar">[http://www.uskudar.bel.tr/tr-TR/haberler/Sayfalar/Haber.aspx?hid=2355 Municipality of Usküdar-Istanbul]]</ref>. Based on several estimates and accounting for the single maps (torn-out from bound volumes of the atlas) sold or being sold worldwide, it is believed that a maximum of 20 complete examples could be present in libraries or in private collections<ref>[http://www.swaen.com/antique-map-of.php?id=12429 Paulus Swaen Old Map Galleries]</ref> whereas some sources suggest that there exist only 10 complete and intact copies in the world<ref name="LOC" /><ref name="Uskudar" /><ref name="Princeton">[http://blogs.princeton.edu/rarebooks/2010/05/_princeton_university_librarys.html Newly acquired: Cedid Atlas Tercümesi (Istanbul, 1803)]</ref>. As such, it's one of the rarest printed atlases of historical value<ref name="LOC" /><ref name="Uskudar" /><ref name="Princeton" /><ref name="JCB">[http://www.brown.edu/Facilities/John_Carter_Brown_Library/I%20found%20it%20JCB/apr11.html The New Great Atlas:Istanbul, 1803-1804]</ref><ref>[http://catalogue.nla.gov.au/Record/3413648 National Library of Australia Maps From Cedid Atlas]</ref>.
Only 50 copies of this atlas (measuring 36 cm x 53 cm) were printed at the press. A copy was presented to [[Selim III]]; several copies were also presented to the high-ranking officials of the Empire, some were reserved for the library of Muhendishane (military school of the time), and the remaining were reserved for sale. However, during the "Alemdar Vakası", an uprising of the [[janissaries]] in [[Istanbul]] during November 15-18, 1808<ref name=Kinross431-434>Kinross(1977), pp 431-434.</ref>, a fire at the warehouse of the press destroyed an unknown (unaccounted) number of the copies reserved for sale<ref name="Uskudar">[http://www.uskudar.bel.tr/tr-TR/haberler/Sayfalar/Haber.aspx?hid=2355 Municipality of Usküdar-Istanbul]]</ref>. Based on several estimates and accounting for the single maps (torn-out from bound volumes of the atlas) sold or being sold worldwide, it is believed that a maximum of 20 complete examples could be present in libraries or in private collections<ref>[http://www.swaen.com/antique-map-of.php?id=12429 Paulus Swaen Old Map Galleries]</ref> whereas some sources suggest that there exist only 10 complete and intact copies in the world<ref name="LOC" /><ref name="Uskudar" /><ref name="Princeton">[http://blogs.princeton.edu/rarebooks/2010/05/_princeton_university_librarys.html Newly acquired: Cedid Atlas Tercümesi (Istanbul, 1803)]</ref><ref name="JCB">[http://www.brown.edu/Facilities/John_Carter_Brown_Library/I%20found%20it%20JCB/apr11.html The New Great Atlas : Istanbul, 1803-1804]</ref> As such, it's one of the rarest printed atlases of historical value<ref name="LOC" /><ref name="Uskudar" /><ref name="Princeton" /><ref name="JCB" /><ref>[http://catalogue.nla.gov.au/Record/3413648 National Library of Australia Maps From Cedid Atlas]</ref>.
==Other Names==
==Other Names==
A few sources outside [[Turkey]] and the [[Muslim world]] also refer to this atlas as the ''New Great Atlas''<ref name="JCB" />. In Turkey, since the printing press of the book was located in the historical [[Üsküdar]] ([[Scutari]]) region (now a municipality) of [[Istanbul]], the atlas sometimes is referred to as the ''Üsküdar Atlası''<ref name="Uskudar" />.
A few sources outside [[Turkey]] and the [[Muslim world]] also refer to this atlas as the ''New Great Atlas''<ref name="JCB" />. In Turkey, since the printing press of the book was located in the historical [[Üsküdar]] ([[Scutari]]) region (now a municipality) of [[Istanbul]], the atlas sometimes is referred to as the ''Üsküdar Atlası''<ref name="Uskudar" />.

==Existing Copies==
These are the only copies known to exist in the world:

# [[Topkapı Sarayı]]([[Topkapı Palace]] - 1 copy - Complete
#
#
# Library of Congress - 1 copy - Complete
# Princeton University Library - 1 copy - Complete
# John Carter Brown Library (Brown University) - 1 copy - Incomplete Copy (missing 2 maps)
# Newberry Library - 1 copy - Incomplete Copy (missing 1 map and also 1 available map is from another copy)


==External Links==
==External Links==
* [http://blogs.princeton.edu/rarebooks/2010/05/_princeton_university_librarys.html Princeton University Library - Cedid Atlas Tercümesi]
* [http://blogs.princeton.edu/rarebooks/2010/05/_princeton_university_librarys.html Princeton University Library - Cedid Atlas Tercümesi]
* [http://www.brown.edu/Facilities/John_Carter_Brown_Library/islam/pages/exchange.html Brown University Library - A Landmark Turkish Atlas]
* [http://www.brown.edu/Facilities/John_Carter_Brown_Library/islam/pages/exchange.html Brown University Library - A Landmark Turkish Atlas]
* [http://www.brown.edu/Facilities/John_Carter_Brown_Library/I%20found%20it%20JCB/apr11.html Brown University Library - The New Great Atlas:Istanbul, 1803-1804]
* [http://www.brown.edu/Facilities/John_Carter_Brown_Library/I%20found%20it%20JCB/apr11.html Brown University Library - The New Great Atlas : Istanbul, 1803-1804]
* [http://www.loc.gov/rr/amed/guide/nes-turkey.html Library of Congress - Near East Collections - Cedid Atlas]
* [http://www.loc.gov/rr/amed/guide/nes-turkey.html Library of Congress - Near East Collections - Cedid Atlas]
* [http://www.loc.gov/loc/lcib/9811/atlas.html Library of Congress - "New Order" Artifacts - Cedid Atlas Tercümesi]
* [http://www.loc.gov/loc/lcib/9811/atlas.html Library of Congress - "New Order" Artifacts - Cedid Atlas Tercümesi]
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* ''Mühendishane ve Üsküdar Matbaalarında Basılan Kitapların Listesi ve Bir Katolog''. Beydilli, Kemal. Eren Yayıncılık, İstanbul, 1997.
* ''Mühendishane ve Üsküdar Matbaalarında Basılan Kitapların Listesi ve Bir Katolog''. Beydilli, Kemal. Eren Yayıncılık, İstanbul, 1997.
* ''History of the Ottoman Empire, Volume 2''. Shaw, S.J. and Shaw, E.Z., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1997.
* ''History of the Ottoman Empire, Volume 2''. Shaw, S.J. and Shaw, E.Z., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1997.
* ''Mahmud Raif Efendi ve Nizâm-ı Cedîd'e Dair Eseri''. Beydilli, Kemal & Şahin, İlhan. Türk Tarih Kurumu Yayınları, Ankara, 2001.
* ''Mahmud Raif Efendi ve Nizâm-ı Cedîd'e Dair Eseri''. Beydilli, Kemal & Şahin, İlhan. Türk Tarih Kurumu Yayınları, Ankara, 2001.

==Wiki Links==
* [[Atlas]]
* [[Ibrahim Muteferrika]]


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 13:54, 28 July 2012

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Title Page of the Cedid Atlas (also known as Cedid Atlas Tercümesi)

Cedid Atlas (or Atlas-ı Cedid) is the first published atlas in the Muslim world, printed and published in 1803 in Istanbul, then the capital of the Ottoman Empire[1][2]. The full title name of the atlas reads as Cedid Atlas Tercümesi (meaning, literally, "A Translation of a New Atlas") and in most libraries outside Turkey, it is recorded and referenced accordingly.

Although manuscripts and hand-drawn maps were widely available throughout the Muslim world, due mainly to religious reasons, the printing of books started only in 1729 by Ibrahim Muteferrika and the Cedid Atlas could only be published in 1803 by Müderris Abdurrahman Efendi in a style based on European geographical knowledge as well as European map-making methods of the day[1].

The Cedid Atlas includes a monochrome celestial chart and 24 hand-coloured copper engraved maps[3] of various parts of the world; the celestial chart and maps measure at least (53 cm by 72 cm) and all the maps are actually adaptations[4] of William Faden's[5] General Atlas. The maps are preceeded by a (1+79) page-long treatise of geography, "Ucalet-ül Coğrafiye" by Mahmud Raif Efendi[6] and a title page.

The Cedid Atlas was published in parallel with the developments of the Ottoman Empire's Nizam-ı Cedid, the "New-Order" or the "New System" ("Cedid" means "new" and "Nizam" means "system", "regime", or "order") and its title-name reflects this clearly. The atlas was new in terms of cartographical knowledge and well suited to the new system which tried to introduce new institutions into the Ottoman Empire while trying to replace existing ones with contemporary counterparts from the West. Introduced by the the ruling padishah (the sultan) of the Ottoman Empire, Selim III, the "New-Order" included a series of reforms which mainly modernized and changed the structure of the then existing Ottoman army and changed the administrative structure of the Empire. It was an effort to catch up with technical, military, economic, and administrative achievements of the West against which the Ottoman Empire was losing grounds since the 17th century. New military and engineering schools were established and governmental units related with the foreign relations and affairs were re-organized to align with the new system. For these schools, governmental units, and the wholly re-organized army reformed according to the European practice, a new understanding and applications of geography of the standards of the West were necessary and the Cedid Atlas was translated and printed for this purpose.

Only 50 copies of this atlas (measuring 36 cm x 53 cm) were printed at the press. A copy was presented to Selim III; several copies were also presented to the high-ranking officials of the Empire, some were reserved for the library of Muhendishane (military school of the time), and the remaining were reserved for sale. However, during the "Alemdar Vakası", an uprising of the janissaries in Istanbul during November 15-18, 1808[7], a fire at the warehouse of the press destroyed an unknown (unaccounted) number of the copies reserved for sale[8]. Based on several estimates and accounting for the single maps (torn-out from bound volumes of the atlas) sold or being sold worldwide, it is believed that a maximum of 20 complete examples could be present in libraries or in private collections[9] whereas some sources suggest that there exist only 10 complete and intact copies in the world[4][8][10][11] As such, it's one of the rarest printed atlases of historical value[4][8][10][11][12].

Other Names

A few sources outside Turkey and the Muslim world also refer to this atlas as the New Great Atlas[11]. In Turkey, since the printing press of the book was located in the historical Üsküdar (Scutari) region (now a municipality) of Istanbul, the atlas sometimes is referred to as the Üsküdar Atlası[8].

Existing Copies

These are the only copies known to exist in the world:

  1. Topkapı Sarayı(Topkapı Palace - 1 copy - Complete
  4. Library of Congress - 1 copy - Complete
  5. Princeton University Library - 1 copy - Complete
  6. John Carter Brown Library (Brown University) - 1 copy - Incomplete Copy (missing 2 maps)
  7. Newberry Library - 1 copy - Incomplete Copy (missing 1 map and also 1 available map is from another copy)

Articles and papers

Books

  • The Ottoman Centuries: The Rise and Fall of the Turkish Empire. Kinross, Patrick. Perennial, London, 1977.
  • İmparatorluğun En Uzun Yüzyılı. Ortaylı, İlber. Hil Yayinları, İstanbul, 1983.
  • Türk Bilim ve Matbaacılık Tarihinde Mühendishane, Mühendishane Matbaası ve Kütüphanesi (1776-1826). Beydilli, Kemal. Eren Yayıncılık, İstanbul, 1995.
  • Mühendishane ve Üsküdar Matbaalarında Basılan Kitapların Listesi ve Bir Katolog. Beydilli, Kemal. Eren Yayıncılık, İstanbul, 1997.
  • History of the Ottoman Empire, Volume 2. Shaw, S.J. and Shaw, E.Z., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1997.
  • Mahmud Raif Efendi ve Nizâm-ı Cedîd'e Dair Eseri. Beydilli, Kemal & Şahin, İlhan. Türk Tarih Kurumu Yayınları, Ankara, 2001.

References

  1. ^ a b First Printed Atlas in the Muslim World
  2. ^ Antique Maps - Timeline of Cartography
  3. ^ Beydilli(1995)
  4. ^ a b c Artifacts from the New Order
  5. ^ William Faden's Biography
  6. ^ Mahmud Raif Efendi's Ucalet-ül Coğrafiye
  7. ^ Kinross(1977), pp 431-434.
  8. ^ a b c d Municipality of Usküdar-Istanbul]
  9. ^ Paulus Swaen Old Map Galleries
  10. ^ a b Newly acquired: Cedid Atlas Tercümesi (Istanbul, 1803)
  11. ^ a b c The New Great Atlas : Istanbul, 1803-1804
  12. ^ National Library of Australia Maps From Cedid Atlas
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