Pareiasauria: Difference between revisions
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'''Pareiasaurs''' are a group of [[anapsid]] reptiles classified in the [[family (biology)|family]] '''Pareiasauridae''' and the larger [[clade]] '''Pareiasauria'''. They were large herbivores that flourished during the [[Permian]] period. Pareiasaurs ranged in size |
'''Pareiasaurs''' are a group of [[anapsid]] reptiles classified in the [[family (biology)|family]] '''Pareiasauridae''' and the larger [[clade]] '''Pareiasauria'''. They were large herbivores that flourished during the [[Permian]] period. Pareiasaurs ranged in size from {{convert|60|to|300|cm|ft}} long, and may have weighed up to {{convert|600|kg|lb}}.{{citation needed|date=May 2012}} They were stocky, with short tails, small heads, robust limbs, and broad feet. Pareiasaurs were protected by bony [[scute]]s called [[osteoderm]]s that set into the skin. Their heavy skulls were ornamented with multiple knobs and ridges. |
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[[Image:Deltavjatia vjatkensis.jpg|thumb|left|''Deltavjatia vjatkensis'']] |
[[Image:Deltavjatia vjatkensis.jpg|thumb|left|''Deltavjatia vjatkensis'']] |
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The leaf-shaped multi-cusped teeth resemble those of [[iguana]]s, [[Caseidae|caseids]], and other reptilian herbivores. This dentition, together with the deep body, which may have housed an extensive [[digestive tract]], are evidence of an herbivorous diet. |
The leaf-shaped multi-cusped teeth resemble those of [[iguana]]s, [[Caseidae|caseids]], and other reptilian herbivores. This dentition, together with the deep body, which may have housed an extensive [[digestive tract]], are evidence of an herbivorous diet. |
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Revision as of 16:47, 8 August 2012
| Pareiasaurs | |
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| Scutosaurus karpinskii from the Late Permian of Russia | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Reptilia |
| Clade: | †Parareptilia |
| Order: | †Procolophonomorpha |
| Node: | †Ankyramorpha |
| Suborder: | †Procolophonia |
| Clade: | †Pareiasauromorpha |
| Superfamily: | †Pareiasauroidea Lydekker, 1889 |
| Clade: | †Pareiasauria Seeley, 1888 |
| Genera | |
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Pareiasaurs are a group of anapsid reptiles classified in the family Pareiasauridae and the larger clade Pareiasauria. They were large herbivores that flourished during the Permian period. Pareiasaurs ranged in size from 60 to 300 centimetres (2.0 to 9.8 ft) long, and may have weighed up to 600 kilograms (1,300 lb).[citation needed] They were stocky, with short tails, small heads, robust limbs, and broad feet. Pareiasaurs were protected by bony scutes called osteoderms that set into the skin. Their heavy skulls were ornamented with multiple knobs and ridges.
The leaf-shaped multi-cusped teeth resemble those of iguanas, caseids, and other reptilian herbivores. This dentition, together with the deep body, which may have housed an extensive digestive tract, are evidence of an herbivorous diet.
Some paleontologists such as Michael Lee have argued that pareiasaurs include the direct ancestors of modern turtles. Pareiasaur skulls have several turtle-like features, and in some species the scutes have developed into bony plates, possibly the precursors of a turtle shell.[1] Jalil and Janvier, in a large analysis of pareiasaur relationships, also found turtles to be close relatives of the "dwarf" pareiasaurs, such as Pumiliopareia.[2] However, the exact relationships of turtles remains controversial, and pareiasaur scutes may not be homologous with the shells of turtles.[3]
Phylogeny
Below is a cladogram from Jalil and Janvier (2005):[2]
| Parareptilia |
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References
- ^ Lee, M.S.Y. (1997). "Pareiasaur phylogeny and the origin of turtles." Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 120(3): 197-280. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1997.tb01279.x
- ^ a b Jalil, N.-E. and Janvier, P. (2005). "Les pareiasaures (Amniota, Parareptilia) du Permien supérieur du Bassin d’Argana, Maroc." Geodiversitas, 27(1) : 35-132.
- ^ deBraga, M. and Rieppel, O. (1997). "Reptile phylogeny and the interrelationships of turtles." Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 120: 281-354.
- Carroll, R. L., (1988), Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution, W.H. Freeman & Co. New York, p. 205
- Kuhn, O, 1969, Cotylosauria, part 6 of Handbuch der Palaoherpetologie (Encyclopedia of Palaeoherpetology), Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart & Portland
- Laurin, M. (1996), "Introduction to Pareiasauria - An Upper Permian group of Anapsids"
- Mikko's Phylogeny Archive Hallucicrania - Pareiasauriformes
- Palaeos Anapsida: Hallucicrania