Censorship in Denmark: Difference between revisions
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Internet censorship became a growing issue in Denmark from 2005 with [[child pornography]] sites,<ref>[http://www.politi.dk/da/borgerservice/boernepornofilter/om_blokering.htm "Om blokeringsordningen mod børneporno" (About blocking scheme against child pornography)] (in Danish), Danish National Police, 16 July 2012. Retreived 16 August 2012. ([http://www.politi.dk/da/borgerservice/boernepornofilter/om_blokering.htm English translation])</ref> [[file-sharing]] sites such as [[AllOfMP3]] and, more recently, [[The Pirate Bay]], being blocked on the [[Domain name system|DNS]] level by ISPs.<ref>Pedersen, Karim (26 January 2006). [http://www.comon.dk/art/153259/danske-internet-udbydere-kritiseres-for-censur "Danske internet-udbydere kritiseres for censur" (Danish ISPs accused of censorship)] (in Danish). ComON (IDG Denmark A / S). Retrieved 16 August 2012</ref> On 23 December 2008, [[Wikileaks]] released a list of 3,863 sites being filtered in Denmark.<ref>[http://mirror.wikileaks.info/wiki/Denmark__3863_sites_on_censorship_list,_Feb_2008/ "Denmark: 3863 sites on censorship list, Feb 2008"], Wikileaks, 23 December 2008</ref> However, no evidence of Internet filtering was found by the [[OpenNet Initiative]] in 2009.<ref>While there is no individual ONI country profile for Denmark, it is included in the regional overview for the Nordic Countries. [http://opennet.net/research/regions/nordic-countries "ONI Regional Overview: Nordic Countries"], OpenNet Initiative, March 2010</ref> Due to legal issues ONI does not test for filtering of child pornography. In November 2011, the DNS blocking was expanded to include websites selling drugs<ref name=Drugs/> and unlicensed [[online gambling]] sites.<ref>[http://corpus-juris.com/2012/06/27/the-first-blockings-of-gaming-web-sites-in-denmark/ "The first blockings of gaming web sites in Denmark"], Corpus Juris, 27 June 2012</ref> The DNS filters can easily be [[Internet censorship circumvention|circumvented]] by simply changing to a different [[DNS server]], such as [[Google Public DNS]], [[OpenDNS]], and other similar services.<ref>[http://www.freedomhouse.org/sites/default/files/inline_images/Censorship.pdf ''Leaping Over |
Internet censorship became a growing issue in Denmark from 2005 with [[child pornography]] sites,<ref>[http://www.politi.dk/da/borgerservice/boernepornofilter/om_blokering.htm "Om blokeringsordningen mod børneporno" (About blocking scheme against child pornography)] (in Danish), Danish National Police, 16 July 2012. Retreived 16 August 2012. ([http://www.politi.dk/da/borgerservice/boernepornofilter/om_blokering.htm English translation])</ref> [[file-sharing]] sites such as [[AllOfMP3]] and, more recently, [[The Pirate Bay]], being blocked on the [[Domain name system|DNS]] level by ISPs.<ref>Pedersen, Karim (26 January 2006). [http://www.comon.dk/art/153259/danske-internet-udbydere-kritiseres-for-censur "Danske internet-udbydere kritiseres for censur" (Danish ISPs accused of censorship)] (in Danish). ComON (IDG Denmark A / S). Retrieved 16 August 2012</ref> On 23 December 2008, [[Wikileaks]] released a list of 3,863 sites being filtered in Denmark.<ref>[http://mirror.wikileaks.info/wiki/Denmark__3863_sites_on_censorship_list,_Feb_2008/ "Denmark: 3863 sites on censorship list, Feb 2008"], Wikileaks, 23 December 2008</ref> However, no evidence of Internet filtering was found by the [[OpenNet Initiative]] in 2009.<ref>While there is no individual ONI country profile for Denmark, it is included in the regional overview for the Nordic Countries. [http://opennet.net/research/regions/nordic-countries "ONI Regional Overview: Nordic Countries"], OpenNet Initiative, March 2010</ref> Due to legal issues ONI does not test for filtering of child pornography. In November 2011, the DNS blocking was expanded to include websites selling drugs<ref name=Drugs/> and unlicensed [[online gambling]] sites.<ref>[http://corpus-juris.com/2012/06/27/the-first-blockings-of-gaming-web-sites-in-denmark/ "The first blockings of gaming web sites in Denmark"], Corpus Juris, 27 June 2012</ref> The DNS filters can easily be [[Internet censorship circumvention|circumvented]] by simply changing to a different [[DNS server]], such as [[Google Public DNS]], [[OpenDNS]], and other similar services.<ref>[http://www.freedomhouse.org/sites/default/files/inline_images/Censorship.pdf ''Leaping Over the Firewall: A Review of Censorship Circumvention Tools''], Freedom House, 11 April 2011, accessed 16 August 2012</ref> |
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the Firewall: A Review of Censorship Circumvention Tools''], Freedom House, 11 April 2011, accessed 16 August 2012</ref> |
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This situation has been criticised by several organisations and in June 2011 in an open letter a confederation of the Danish IT-business organisations appealed to the Danish government for a revision of this practice and the of institution of clear legislation on the subject.<ref>Kildebogaard, Jesper (8 June 2011). [http://www.version2.dk/artikel/19370-samlet-it-branche-i-skarp-protest-mod-dansk-internetcensur "Samlet it-branche i skarp protest mod dansk internetcensur" (Overall, the IT industry in sharp protest against Danish Internet censorship)] (in Danish). Version2. Retrieved 16 August 2012. ([http://translate.google.com/translate?u=http://www.version2.dk/artikel/samlet-it-branche-i-skarp-protest-mod-dansk-internetcensur-19370 English translation])</ref> |
This situation has been criticised by several organisations and in June 2011 in an open letter a confederation of the Danish IT-business organisations appealed to the Danish government for a revision of this practice and the of institution of clear legislation on the subject.<ref>Kildebogaard, Jesper (8 June 2011). [http://www.version2.dk/artikel/19370-samlet-it-branche-i-skarp-protest-mod-dansk-internetcensur "Samlet it-branche i skarp protest mod dansk internetcensur" (Overall, the IT industry in sharp protest against Danish Internet censorship)] (in Danish). Version2. Retrieved 16 August 2012. ([http://translate.google.com/translate?u=http://www.version2.dk/artikel/samlet-it-branche-i-skarp-protest-mod-dansk-internetcensur-19370 English translation])</ref> |
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Revision as of 02:59, 17 August 2012
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Censorship in Denmark has been prohibited since 1849 by the Constitution:
§ 77: Any person shall be at liberty to publish his ideas in print, in writing, and in speech, subject to his being held responsible in a court of law. Censorship and other preventive measures shall never again be introduced.[1]
This effectively means that published material does not need prior acceptance from a censor before being released, also known as prior restraint. However, hate speech, blasphemy, copyright, libel, and state security laws do exist, which means that authors, publishers, and others can be held responsible for statements in publicly disseminated material that violates these laws.
Internet censorship
Internet censorship became a growing issue in Denmark from 2005 with child pornography sites,[2] file-sharing sites such as AllOfMP3 and, more recently, The Pirate Bay, being blocked on the DNS level by ISPs.[3] On 23 December 2008, Wikileaks released a list of 3,863 sites being filtered in Denmark.[4] However, no evidence of Internet filtering was found by the OpenNet Initiative in 2009.[5] Due to legal issues ONI does not test for filtering of child pornography. In November 2011, the DNS blocking was expanded to include websites selling drugs[6] and unlicensed online gambling sites.[7] The DNS filters can easily be circumvented by simply changing to a different DNS server, such as Google Public DNS, OpenDNS, and other similar services.[8]
This situation has been criticised by several organisations and in June 2011 in an open letter a confederation of the Danish IT-business organisations appealed to the Danish government for a revision of this practice and the of institution of clear legislation on the subject.[9]
In 2012 Internet service providers (ISPs) and copyright holders in Denmark agreed on a framework where all ISPs will block access to copyright-infringing content if one of the providers is ordered to do so by a court. The Danish Ministry of Culture plans to work with ISPs and rights holder groups to "formalise" the agreement in a "written Code of Conduct".[10]
Selected instances
On 18 October 2005 Denmark's biggest Internet service provider TDC A/S launched a DNS-based child pornography filter in cooperation with the state police department and Save the Children, a charity organisation. Since then, all major providers have joined and as of May 2006, 98% of the Danish Internet users were restricted by the filter.[11]
Also, as of 18 October 2005, TDC A/S had blocked access to AllOfMP3.com, a popular MP3 download site, through DNS filtering.[12]
In March 2006, the filter caused some controversy when a legal sex site named Bizar.dk was blocked, sparking discussion about the reliability, accuracy and credibility of the filter.[13]
On 4 February 2008 a Danish court ordered the Danish ISP Tele2 to shutdown access to the file-sharing site thepiratebay.org for its Danish users.[14]
In November 2011 a site selling diet pills, 24hdiet.com, was blocked by Danish ISPs, the first use of a new law on the blocking of foreign websites that sell drugs.[6]
In August of 2012 Google blocked ticket website Viagogo after an investigation found that the site was violating Danish law by overcharging and manipulating tickets before sending them to the buyer.[15]
See also
References
- ^ Constitution of Denmark (English translation), Legislationline, Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights, Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, accessed 16 August 2012
- ^ "Om blokeringsordningen mod børneporno" (About blocking scheme against child pornography) (in Danish), Danish National Police, 16 July 2012. Retreived 16 August 2012. (English translation)
- ^ Pedersen, Karim (26 January 2006). "Danske internet-udbydere kritiseres for censur" (Danish ISPs accused of censorship) (in Danish). ComON (IDG Denmark A / S). Retrieved 16 August 2012
- ^ "Denmark: 3863 sites on censorship list, Feb 2008", Wikileaks, 23 December 2008
- ^ While there is no individual ONI country profile for Denmark, it is included in the regional overview for the Nordic Countries. "ONI Regional Overview: Nordic Countries", OpenNet Initiative, March 2010
- ^ a b Kildebogaard, Jesper (10 November 2011). "Staten har DNS-blokeret den første udenlandske medicin-hjemmeside (The state DNS-blocks first foreign medicin website)" (in Danish). Version2. Retrieved 16 August 2012. (English translation)
- ^ "The first blockings of gaming web sites in Denmark", Corpus Juris, 27 June 2012
- ^ Leaping Over the Firewall: A Review of Censorship Circumvention Tools, Freedom House, 11 April 2011, accessed 16 August 2012
- ^ Kildebogaard, Jesper (8 June 2011). "Samlet it-branche i skarp protest mod dansk internetcensur" (Overall, the IT industry in sharp protest against Danish Internet censorship) (in Danish). Version2. Retrieved 16 August 2012. (English translation)
- ^ "One court order could gag EVERY ISP in Denmark", Out-Law.com (Pinsent Masons), The Register, 22 June 2012, accessed 16 August 2012
- ^ Krabbe, Klaus (18 October 2005). "TDC aktiverer filter mod børneporno (TDC enables filter against child pornography)" (in Danish). Computerworld. Retrieved 19 July 2006. (English translation)
- ^ Robert Vanglo (22 March 2006). ""TDC lukker for adgangen til Allofmp3.com" (TDC blocks access to Allofmp3.com)" (in Danish). ComputerWorld. (English translation)
- ^ Madsen, Kristoffer (20 March 2006). "Politisk strid om politiets børneporno-filter (Political dispute over the police child porn filter)" (in Danish). Computerworld. Retrieved 19 July 2006. (English translation)
- ^ "Danish ISP shuts access to file-sharing Pirate Bay". Reuters. 4 February 2008. Retrieved 4 February 2008.
- ^ Jens Vithner (16 August 2012). "Google spærrer for Viagogo (Google removes Viagogo from searches)". Cash (in Danish). Dr.dk. Retrieved 16 August 2012. (English translation)
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