HVC (avian brain region): Difference between revisions
Neuromusic (talk | contribs) tidied up the discussion of naming changes |
Neuromusic (talk | contribs) added short section on anatomy |
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[[Image:Birdbrain.svg|thumb|The HVC in the context of the song-learning pathway in birds.<ref>{{cite doi|10.1371/journal.pbio.0030164}}</ref>]] |
[[Image:Birdbrain.svg|thumb|The HVC in the context of the song-learning pathway in birds.<ref name="Nottebohm, 2005">{{cite doi|10.1371/journal.pbio.0030164}}</ref>]] |
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'''HVC''' (formerly, '''hyperstriatum ventrale, pars caudalis''' ('''HVc'''), and '''high vocal center''') is a nucleus in the brain of the [[songbirds]] (order passeriformes) necessary for both the learning and the production of [[bird song]]. It is located in the lateral caudal [[nidopallium]] and has projections to both the [[Bird_vocalization#Neuroanatomy|direct and the anterior forebrain pathways]]. |
'''HVC''' (formerly, '''hyperstriatum ventrale, pars caudalis''' ('''HVc'''), and '''high vocal center''') is a nucleus in the brain of the [[songbirds]] (order passeriformes) necessary for both the learning and the production of [[bird song]]. It is located in the lateral caudal [[nidopallium]] and has projections to both the [[Bird_vocalization#Neuroanatomy|direct and the anterior forebrain pathways]]. |
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==Name== |
==Name== |
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HVC was originally called the '''hyperstriatum ventrale, pars caudalis''' ('''HVc''') <ref>{{cite doi|10.1126/science.959852}}</ref>. Later neuroanatomy revealed this name to be incorrect, however, and many researchers referred to it as the '''high vocal center''' due to its important function in vocal learning. When the nomenclature of the avian brain was officially revised in 2004,<ref>{{cite doi|10.1196/annals.1298.013}}</ref>, these names were officially dropped in order to correct the historical inaccuracies. As there was "No easy solution for correcting original naming error for this structure"<ref>{{cite web |url = http://avianbrain.org/neostriatum.html |title = Table 4. New Terminology for Neostriatum |date 20 Aug 2012}}</ref> HVC was established as the formal name for the region and no longer stands for anything. |
HVC was originally called the '''hyperstriatum ventrale, pars caudalis''' ('''HVc''') <ref>{{cite doi|10.1126/science.959852}}</ref>. Later neuroanatomy revealed this name to be incorrect, however, and many researchers referred to it as the '''high vocal center''' due to its important function in vocal learning. When the nomenclature of the avian brain was officially revised in 2004,<ref>{{cite doi|10.1196/annals.1298.013}}</ref>, these names were officially dropped in order to correct the historical inaccuracies. As there was "No easy solution for correcting original naming error for this structure"<ref>{{cite web |url = http://avianbrain.org/neostriatum.html |title = Table 4. New Terminology for Neostriatum |date 20 Aug 2012}}</ref> HVC was established as the formal name for the region and no longer stands for anything. |
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==Anatomy== |
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HVC is located in the caudal [[nidopallium]]. It projects to the song motor pathway via the robust nucleus of the arcopallium (RA) and to the Anterior Forebrain Pathway via the [[basal ganglia]] nucleus Area X<ref name="Nottebohm, 2005" />. It receives [[Efference copy|recurrent motor activity]] through the [[Thalamus|thalamic]] nucleus Uvaformis (Uva) and input from the [[auditory system]] through projections from the caudalateral mesopallium (CMM) and through the nucleus interfacialis (NIf)<ref name="Mooney, 2009">{{cite doi|10.1016/j.conb.2009.10.004}}</ref>. Three distinct types of neurons have been identified in HVC, each with unique anatomical and physiological properties: [[interneuron|interneurons]], RA-projecting cells(HVC{{sub|RA}}), and X-projecting cells (HVC{{sub|X}})<ref name="Mooney, 2009" /> |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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Revision as of 21:39, 21 August 2012
 | A request that this article title be changed is under discussion. Please do not move this article until the discussion is closed. |
HVC (formerly, hyperstriatum ventrale, pars caudalis (HVc), and high vocal center) is a nucleus in the brain of the songbirds (order passeriformes) necessary for both the learning and the production of bird song. It is located in the lateral caudal nidopallium and has projections to both the direct and the anterior forebrain pathways.
It is notable that both of the other orders of birds that learn song, the hummingbirds and parrots, also seem to have structures similar to HVC. Since it is believed that all three of these groups independently derived the ability to learn song, it is believed that these other HVC-like structures are examples of homoplasy.
Name
HVC was originally called the hyperstriatum ventrale, pars caudalis (HVc) [2]. Later neuroanatomy revealed this name to be incorrect, however, and many researchers referred to it as the high vocal center due to its important function in vocal learning. When the nomenclature of the avian brain was officially revised in 2004,[3], these names were officially dropped in order to correct the historical inaccuracies. As there was "No easy solution for correcting original naming error for this structure"[4] HVC was established as the formal name for the region and no longer stands for anything.
Anatomy
HVC is located in the caudal nidopallium. It projects to the song motor pathway via the robust nucleus of the arcopallium (RA) and to the Anterior Forebrain Pathway via the basal ganglia nucleus Area X[1]. It receives recurrent motor activity through the thalamic nucleus Uvaformis (Uva) and input from the auditory system through projections from the caudalateral mesopallium (CMM) and through the nucleus interfacialis (NIf)[5]. Three distinct types of neurons have been identified in HVC, each with unique anatomical and physiological properties: interneurons, RA-projecting cells(HVCRA), and X-projecting cells (HVCX)[5]
See also
References
- ^ a b Attention: This template ({{cite doi}}) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0030164, please use {{cite journal}} (if it was published in a bona fide academic journal, otherwise {{cite report}} with
|doi=10.1371/journal.pbio.0030164instead. - ^ Attention: This template ({{cite doi}}) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by doi:10.1126/science.959852, please use {{cite journal}} (if it was published in a bona fide academic journal, otherwise {{cite report}} with
|doi=10.1126/science.959852instead. - ^ Attention: This template ({{cite doi}}) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by doi:10.1196/annals.1298.013, please use {{cite journal}} (if it was published in a bona fide academic journal, otherwise {{cite report}} with
|doi=10.1196/annals.1298.013instead. - ^ "Table 4. New Terminology for Neostriatum".
{{cite web}}: Text "date 20 Aug 2012" ignored (help) - ^ a b Attention: This template ({{cite doi}}) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by doi:10.1016/j.conb.2009.10.004, please use {{cite journal}} (if it was published in a bona fide academic journal, otherwise {{cite report}} with
|doi=10.1016/j.conb.2009.10.004instead.
External links
- High+Vocal+Center at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)