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{{Wikinewshas|[[wikinews:Category:2012 United States presidential election|related news]]|{{Wikinewshas/USPE12}}}}
{{Wikinewshas|[[wikinews:Category:2012 United States presidential election|related news]]|{{Wikinewshas/USPE12}}}}


The '''United States presidential election of 2012''' is the next [[United States presidential election]], to be held on Tuesday, November 6, 2012. It will be the 57th [[wikt:quadrennial|quadrennial]] presidential election in which [[Electoral College (United States)|presidential electors]], who will actually elect the [[President of the United States|president]] and the vice president of the United States on December 17, 2012, will be chosen. Incumbent President [[Barack Obama]] is running for a second and final term during this election.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/04/04/barack-obama-2012-campaign_n_844221.html |title=Barack Obama 2012 Campaign Officially Launches |date=April 4, 2011 |work=The Huffington Post |accessdate=April 4, 2011 |first=Elyse |last=Siegel}}</ref> His presumptive Republican and major party challenger is former Massachusetts Governor [[Mitt Romney]].<ref name="romneyclinches">Holland, Steve (May 30, 2012) [http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/05/30/us-usa-campaign-romney-idUSBRE84T02720120530 "Romney clinches Republican 2012 nomination in Texas"], [[Reuters]]. Retrieved May 30, 2012.</ref> Two other candidates have attained ballot access sufficient enough to mathematically win the election by a majority of the [[electoral college]]: [[Gary Johnson]], a former New Mexico Governor and the Libertarian Party nominee;<ref name="reuters.com">{{cite news| url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/05/06/us-usa-libertarians-idUSBRE8440BZ20120506 | title=Libertarians nominate ex-Governor Gary Johnson for president|work=[[Reuters]]|date=May 5, 2012|accessdate=May 6, 2012}}</ref> and [[Jill Stein]], the Green Party nominee.<ref name="Baltimore">{{cite news | url=http://www.usatoday.com/news/politics/story/2012-07-14/green-party-jill-stein/56226288/1 | title=Mass. doctor Jill Stein wins Green Party's presidential nod | agency=Associated Press | work=[[USA Today]] | date=July 14, 2012 | accessdate=July 15, 2012}}</ref>
The '''United States presidential election of 2012''' is the next [[United States presidential election]], to be held on Tuesday, November 6, 2012. It will be the 57th [[wikt:quadrennial|quadrennial]] presidential election in which [[Electoral College (United States)|presidential electors]], who will actually elect the [[President of the United States|president]] and the vice president of the United States on December 17, 2012, will be chosen. Incumbent President [[Barack Obama]] is running for a second and final term during this election.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/04/04/barack-obama-2012-campaign_n_844221.html |title=Barack Obama 2012 Campaign Officially Launches |date=April 4, 2011 |work=The Huffington Post |accessdate=April 4, 2011 |first=Elyse |last=Siegel}}</ref> His major party challenger is former Massachusetts Governor, Republican [[Mitt Romney]].<ref name="romneyclinches">Holland, Steve (May 30, 2012) [http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/05/30/us-usa-campaign-romney-idUSBRE84T02720120530 "Romney clinches Republican 2012 nomination in Texas"], [[Reuters]]. Retrieved May 30, 2012.</ref> Two other candidates have attained ballot access sufficient enough to mathematically win the election by a majority of the [[electoral college]]: [[Gary Johnson]], a former New Mexico Governor and the Libertarian Party nominee;<ref name="reuters.com">{{cite news| url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/05/06/us-usa-libertarians-idUSBRE8440BZ20120506 | title=Libertarians nominate ex-Governor Gary Johnson for president|work=[[Reuters]]|date=May 5, 2012|accessdate=May 6, 2012}}</ref> and [[Jill Stein]], the Green Party nominee.<ref name="Baltimore">{{cite news | url=http://www.usatoday.com/news/politics/story/2012-07-14/green-party-jill-stein/56226288/1 | title=Mass. doctor Jill Stein wins Green Party's presidential nod | agency=Associated Press | work=[[USA Today]] | date=July 14, 2012 | accessdate=July 15, 2012}}</ref>


As specified in the [[United States Constitution|Constitution]], the 2012 presidential election will coincide with the [[United States Senate elections, 2012|United States Senate election]]s where one-third of the Senators will face re-election (33 Class I seats), and the [[United States House of Representatives elections, 2012|United States House of Representatives elections]] (which occurs biennially) to elect the members for the [[113th United States Congress|113th Congress]]. [[United States gubernatorial elections, 2012|Eleven gubernatorial elections]] and many elections for [[state legislature (United States)|state legislatures]] will also take place at the same time.
As specified in the [[United States Constitution|Constitution]], the 2012 presidential election will coincide with the [[United States Senate elections, 2012|United States Senate election]]s where one-third of the Senators will face re-election (33 Class I seats), and the [[United States House of Representatives elections, 2012|United States House of Representatives elections]] (which occurs biennially) to elect the members for the [[113th United States Congress|113th Congress]]. [[United States gubernatorial elections, 2012|Eleven gubernatorial elections]] and many elections for [[state legislature (United States)|state legislatures]] will also take place at the same time.

Revision as of 21:49, 28 August 2012

United States presidential election, 2012
← 2008 November 6, 2012 2016 →
All 538 electoral votes of the Electoral College
270 electoral votes needed to win
 
Nominee Barack Obama
(presumptive) 		Mitt Romney
Party Democratic Republican
Home state Illinois Massachusetts
Running mate Joe Biden
(presumptive) 		Paul Ryan
(presumptive)
 
Nominee Gary Johnson Jill Stein
Party Libertarian Green
Home state New Mexico Massachusetts
Running mate James Gray Cheri Honkala
Incumbent President

Barack Obama
Democratic



2012 U.S. presidential election
Democratic Party
Republican Party
Minor parties
Related races
← 2008 2012 2016 →

Template:Wikinewshas

The United States presidential election of 2012 is the next United States presidential election, to be held on Tuesday, November 6, 2012. It will be the 57th quadrennial presidential election in which presidential electors, who will actually elect the president and the vice president of the United States on December 17, 2012, will be chosen. Incumbent President Barack Obama is running for a second and final term during this election.[1] His major party challenger is former Massachusetts Governor, Republican Mitt Romney.[2] Two other candidates have attained ballot access sufficient enough to mathematically win the election by a majority of the electoral college: Gary Johnson, a former New Mexico Governor and the Libertarian Party nominee;[3] and Jill Stein, the Green Party nominee.[4]

As specified in the Constitution, the 2012 presidential election will coincide with the United States Senate elections where one-third of the Senators will face re-election (33 Class I seats), and the United States House of Representatives elections (which occurs biennially) to elect the members for the 113th Congress. Eleven gubernatorial elections and many elections for state legislatures will also take place at the same time.

Electoral college changes

The 2010 Census changed the Electoral College vote apportionment for the presidential elections from 2012 to 2020 in the states mapped and listed below.[5]

States won by Democrats
in 2000, 2004, and 2008

  • Illinois −1
  • Massachusetts −1
  • Michigan −1
  • New Jersey −1
  • New York −2
  • Pennsylvania −1
  • Washington +1

States won by Republicans
in 2000, 2004, and 2008

  • Arizona +1
  • Georgia +1
  • Louisiana −1
  • Missouri −1
  • South Carolina +1
  • Texas +4
  • Utah +1

Remaining states

  • Florida (Democratic in 2008, Republican in 2000 and 2004) +2
  • Iowa (Democratic in 2000 and 2008, Republican in 2004) −1
  • Nevada (Democratic in 2008, Republican in 2000 and 2004) +1
  • Ohio (Democratic in 2008, Republican in 2000 and 2004) −2
The result of the 2008 presidential election
Changes from the 2000 to the 2010 census

Eight states (Arizona, Florida, Georgia, Nevada, South Carolina, Texas, Utah and Washington) gained votes, due to reapportionment based on the 2010 Census. Similarly ten states (Illinois, Iowa, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Michigan, Missouri, New Jersey, New York, Ohio and Pennsylvania) lost votes.

In the political climate of 2011, this would give the Democratic Party a net loss of six electoral votes in states won by Al Gore, John Kerry and Barack Obama in the past three presidential elections, rendering the party a national total of 242. Conversely, the Republican Party will achieve a net gain of six electoral votes in states won by George W. Bush and John McCain in the past three presidential elections, rendering the Republican Party a national total of 181. Votes allocated to remaining states (i.e., those where the majority voted for both Democratic and Republican candidates during the last three presidential elections) remain unchanged from the national total of 115.

In 2011, several states enacted new laws that were attacked by the Democratic Party as attempts to improve the Republican Party's presidential prospects. Measures were taken in Florida, Georgia, Ohio,[6] Tennessee and West Virginia to shorten early voting periods. Florida and Iowa barred all felons from voting. Kansas, South Carolina,[7] Tennessee, Texas[8] and Wisconsin[9] began requiring voters to identify themselves with government-issued IDs before they could cast their ballots. Obama, the NAACP, and the Democratic Party fought against many of the new state laws,[10] and former President Bill Clinton denounced it, saying, "There has never been in my lifetime, since we got rid of the poll tax and all the Jim Crow burdens on voting, the determined effort to limit the franchise that we see today".[11] He said the moves would effectively disenfranchise core voter blocs that trend liberal, college students, Blacks, and Latinos.[12][13] Rolling Stone magazine criticized the American Legislative Exchange Council for lobbying in states to bring about these laws.[10] The Obama campaign fought against the Ohio law, pushing for a petition and statewide referendum to repeal it in time for the 2012 election.[14]

A new plan was proposed in Pennsylvania that would change its representation in the electoral college from a winner-take-all model to a district-by-district model.[15] The Governorship and both houses of its congress were Republican-controlled, and the move was viewed by some as an affront to Obama's re-election effort.[16][17][18]

Nominations

Main articles: United States presidential primary and United States presidential nominating convention

Each of the two major parties in the United States hosts candidates who go through a nomination process to determine the presidential nominee for that party. The nomination process consists of primaries and caucuses, held by the 50 states, as well as Guam, Puerto Rico, Washington, D.C., U.S. Virgin Islands, American Samoa, and the Northern Mariana Islands. The winner of each of these primary elections may receive delegates either proportional to the percentage of the popular vote the candidate received in each state, winner-take-all or some combination of the two extremes. Additionally, high-ranking party members known as superdelegates each receive one vote in the convention. Whichever candidate has the majority of the delegates at the end of the primary elections is designated the presumptive nominee until that candidate is formally nominated and endorsed for the presidency by his or her political party. This is done by the aforementioned delegates for each party.

Democratic Party nomination

Main articles: Democratic Party presidential candidates, 2012; Democratic Party presidential primaries, 2012; and 2012 Democratic National Convention

Candidates

The following have each received at least a cumulative 10,000 votes in the primary process:

Primaries

With an incumbent president running for reelection against token opposition, the race for the Democratic nomination was largely uneventful. A few of the primary challengers surpassed the president's vote total in individual counties in several of the seven contested primaries, though none made a significant impact in the delegate count. Running unopposed everywhere else, President Obama cemented his status as the Democratic presumptive nominee on April 3, 2012 by securing the minimum number of pledged delegates needed to clinch the nomination.[33][34]

Republican Party nomination

Main articles: Republican Party presidential candidates, 2012; Republican Party presidential primaries, 2012; and 2012 Republican National Convention

Candidates

Early campaigning and debates

Main articles: Prelude to the Republican presidential primaries, 2012 and Republican Party presidential debates, 2012

Candidates with considerable name recognition who entered the race for the Republican presidential nomination in the early stages of the primary campaign included: Congressman and former Libertarian nominee Ron Paul, former Governor Tim Pawlenty, who co-chaired John McCain's campaign in 2008, former Governor Mitt Romney, who had done reasonably well in the 2008 cycle, and former Speaker of the House Newt Gingrich.

The first debate took place on May 5, 2011 in Greenville, South Carolina, with businessman Herman Cain, former New Mexico Governor Gary Johnson, Paul, Pawlenty, and former Pennsylvania Senator Rick Santorum participating. There was another about a month later, with Gingrich, Romney, former Utah Governor Jon Huntsman and Rep. Michele Bachmann participating and Johnson excluded. A total of thirteen debates would be held before the Iowa caucuses.

The first major event of the campaign was the Ames Straw Poll, which took place in Iowa on August 13, 2011. Pawlenty withdrew from the race after doing poorly, as did Thaddeus McCotter, the only candidate among those who qualified for the ballot who was refused entrance into the debate.[62] Bachmann won the straw poll, and this proved to be the acme of her campaign.[63]

A segment of the conservative primary electorate found Romney to be too liberal or moderate for their tastes, and a number of potential "anti-Romney" candidates were put forward,[64][65] including Donald Trump,[66] Sarah Palin,[67] and Texas Governor Rick Perry,[68] the last of whom ultimately decided to run. He did poorly in subsequent debates, and Cain and Gingrich came into the fore.

Due to a number of scandals, Cain withdrew just before the end of the year, after getting on the ballot in several states.[69] Johnson, who had been able to get into only one other debate, withdrew in order to seek the Libertarian Party nomination.[70]

Primaries and caucuses

Early events

For the first time in modern GOP history, three different candidates won the first three contests.[71] Although Romney was thought to originally have won in Iowa and New Hampshire, Santorum was declared the winner (by 34 votes) in Iowa a few weeks after the caucuses.[72] Gingrich won South Carolina by a large and surprising margin.[73]

A number of candidates dropped out at this time. Bachmann, who finished fifth in Iowa, withdrew after the caucses.[74] Huntsman withdrew after coming in third in New Hampshire, and Perry withdrew when polls showed him drawing low numbers in South Carolina.[75]

Santorum, who had previously ran an essentially one-state campaign in Iowa, took his campaign national and carried three more states on February 7.[76] Romney won all other contests after South Carolina, including Florida, seen at the time as a major win over Gingrich.

Romney secures front runner status

The Super Tuesday primaries took place on March 6. With ten states voting and 391 delegates being allocated, it had nearly half the potential impact of its 2008 predecessor. Romney carried six states and Santorum three, while Gingrich won only in his home state of Georgia.[77] Throughout the rest of March, 266 delegates were allocated in 12 events, including all of the territorial contests and the first local conventions that allocated delegates (Wyoming's county conventions). Santorum won Kansas and three Southern primaries, but was unable to make any gain on Romney, who remained the frontrunner after securing more than half of the delegates allocated in March.

On April 10, Santorum suspended his campaign, leaving Mitt Romney as the undisputed front-runner for the presidential nomination and Gingrich to claim he is the "last conservative" still actively campaigning for the nomination.[78] Gingrich then withdrew on May 1 after a spokesman announced on April 25 that he would do so.[79] On the same day as Gingrich's spokesman announced his future withdrawal, the Republican National Committee (RNC) declared Romney the party's presumptive nominee.[80] Paul officially remained in the race but stopped campaigning on May 14. On May 29, Romney won the Texas 2012 Republican primaries; the subsequent accumulation of the state's 155 delegates was enough for him to clinch the party's nomination.[2]

Third parties and independent candidates

Main article: United States third party and independent presidential candidates, 2012

Ballot access to 270 or more electoral votes

These parties have attained ballot access in states controlling at least 270 electoral votes, which is the minimum threshold needed to win the presidency through a majority in the electoral college vote.

Libertarian Party
Candidate Ballot Access:[82][83][84][85] Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, Iowa, Indiana, Kansas, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oregon, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming - (460 Electoral)
Further information: Libertarian Party (United States); 2012 Libertarian National Convention; and Gary Johnson presidential campaign, 2012
Green Party
Candidate Ballot Access:[88][89][90][91] Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, DC, Delaware, Florida, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, Iowa, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin - (403 Electoral)
Write-In Candidate Access:[88] Georgia, Indiana, Missouri
Further information: Green Party of the United States; 2012 Green National Convention; and Jill Stein presidential campaign, 2012
Americans Elect
  • No candidates met the requirements to enter into the Americans Elect online caucus, so on May 17 the primary process came to an end without a nominee. Though at that time the leaders of the organization did not rule out the possibility of running a presidential candidate in 2012[92], its site is now inactive except for a home page with the phrase "See You in 2013"[93]. Before ending its primary process, the organization had gained ballot access in 29 states with more than 270 electoral votes.
Candidate Ballot Access:[94] Alabama, Arizona, Alaska, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Florida, Hawaii, Kansas, Maine, Maryland, Michigan, Mississippi, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Mexico, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Utah, Vermont, Wisconsin, Wyoming - (286 Electoral)
Further information: Americans Elect

Ballot access to fewer than 270 electoral votes

The following parties have gained access to at least one state ballot.

Constitution Party
Candidate Ballot Access:[97][89][90][98] Colorado, Florida, Idaho, Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Mississippi, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, Nevada, North Dakota, Ohio, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Utah, Virginia, Washington, Wisconsin, Wyoming - (232 Electoral)
Write-In Candidate Access: California, Connecticut, DC, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Montana, North Carolina, Texas, Vermont, West Virginia
Further information: Constitution Party (United States); 2012 Constitution Party National Convention; and Virgil Goode presidential campaign, 2012
Justice Party
Candidate Ballot Access:[101][102][83][103] Colorado, Connecticut, Florida, Idaho, Louisiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, New Jersey, New Mexico, Oregon, Tennessee, Utah, Vermont, Washington - (148 Electoral)
Write-In Candidate Access: Alabama, Alaska, Delaware, Georgia, Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Maryland, Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New York, Pennsylvania
Further information: Justice Party (United States)
Party for Socialism and Liberation
Candidate Ballot Access:[106][84][90][107][108] Arkansas, Colorado, Iowa, Minnesota, New Jersey, New York, Utah, Vermont, Washington, Wisconsin - (105 Electoral)
States with Stand-In Candidates - Colorado, Iowa, Utah, Wisconsin (Gloria LaRiva)
Further information: Party for Socialism and Liberation
America's Party
Candidate Ballot Access:[110][111][112] California, Colorado, Florida - (93 Electoral)
Write-In Candidate Access: Indiana
Further information: America's Party (political party)
Peace and Freedom Party

Candidate Ballot Access: California, Colorado, Florida - (93 Electoral)

Further information: Peace and Freedom Party
Socialist Workers Party
Candidate Ballot Access: Colorado, Iowa, Louisiana, Minnesota, New Jersey, Washington - (59 Electoral)
Further information: Socialist Workers Party (United States)
Socialist Party USA
Candidate Ballot Access:[120] Colorado, New York, Ohio - (56 Electoral)
Write-In Candidate Access: Indiana
Further information: Socialist Party USA and Stewart Alexander presidential campaign, 2012
Reform Party USA
  • Andre Barnett, entrepreneur, from New York; vice-presidential nominee: Ken Cross, former engineer, from Arkansas [121]
Candidate Ballot Access:[122] Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi - (43 Electoral)
Further information: Reform Party of the United States of America
Objectivist Party
Candidate Ballot Access:[125][126] Colorado, Florida - (38 Electoral)
Further information: Objectivist Party
American Third Position Party
Candidate Ballot Access:[128][83][98] Colorado, New Jersey, Tennessee - (34 Electoral)
Further information: American Third Position Party
Socialist Equality Party
Candidate Ballot Access:[115] Colorado, Wisconsin - (19 Electoral)
Further information: Socialist Equality Party (United States)
Grassroots Party
Candidate Ballot Access: Minnesota - (10 Electoral)
Further information: Grassroots Party
Independent American Party
Candidate Ballot Access: Oregon - (7 Electoral)
Further information: Independent American Party

Independent candidates

The following independent candidates have gained access to at least one state ballot.

Candidate Ballot Access: Ohio - (18 Electoral)
Write-In Candidate Access: Alaska, Florida, Indiana, Maryland
Candidate Ballot Access: Ohio - (18 Electoral)
Candidate Ballot Access:[134] New Jersey - (14 Electoral)
Candidate Ballot Access:[135][136] Minnesota - (10 Electoral)
Write-In Candidate Access: Utah
Candidate Ballot Access:[137] Colorado - (9 Electoral)
Write-In Candidate Access: Indiana, Florida
Candidate Ballot Access:[137] Colorado - (9 Electoral)
Candidate Ballot Access: Iowa - (6 Electoral)
Candidate Ballot Access: West Virginia - (5 Electoral)
Write-In Candidate Access: Colorado, Indiana


Party conventions

Map of United States showing Charlotte, Tampa, Nashville, Las Vegas, Los Angeles and Baltimore
Charlotte
Charlotte
Tampa
Tampa
Nashville
Nashville
Las Vegas
Las Vegas
Los Angeles
Los Angeles
Baltimore
Baltimore
Philadelphia
Philadelphia
class=notpageimage|
Sites of the 2012 National Party conventions
Major parties
Minor parties

Campaign

Electoral votes

A candidate wins the presidential election with at least 270 votes of the electoral college.

Presidential debates

Main article: United States presidential election debates, 2012

The Commission on Presidential Debates announced four debates.[147] Candidates must appear on sufficient state-ballots to be mathematically eligible to win the presidency and achieve at least 15% support in five national polls as of the date of determination, to be some time after Labor Day 2012.[148]

Election

  • November 6, 2012 – Election Day
  • December 17, 2012 – Electoral College will formally elects a President and Vice President
  • January 3, 2013 - The new congress is sworn in.
  • January 6, 2013 – Electoral votes are formally counted before a joint session of Congress.
  • January 20, 2013 - Inauguration oath are taken, the new presidentiel term starts.
  • January 21, 2013 – Inauguration Day[152]
Electoral results
Presidential candidate Party Home state Popular vote Electoral
vote 		Running mate
Count Percentage Vice-presidential candidate Home state Electoral vote
Barack Obama Democratic Illinois % Joe Biden Delaware
Mitt Romney Republican Massachusetts % Paul Ryan Wisconsin
Gary Johnson Libertarian New Mexico % James P. Gray California
Jill Stein Green Massachusetts % Cheri Honkala Pennsylvania
Total 100% 538 538
Needed to win 270 270

See also

References

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  2. ^ a b Holland, Steve (May 30, 2012) "Romney clinches Republican 2012 nomination in Texas", Reuters. Retrieved May 30, 2012.
  3. ^ a b "Libertarians nominate ex-Governor Gary Johnson for president". Reuters. May 5, 2012. Retrieved May 6, 2012.
  4. ^ a b c "Mass. doctor Jill Stein wins Green Party's presidential nod". USA Today. Associated Press. July 14, 2012. Retrieved July 15, 2012.
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Further reading

  • William G. Mayer and Jonathan Bernstein, eds. The Making of the Presidential Candidates, 2012 (Rowman & Littlefield; 2012) 241 pages; ISBN 978-1-4422-1170-4; Scholars explore nominations in the post-public-funding era, digital media and campaigns, television coverage, and the Tea Party.
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