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== Overview ==
== Overview ==
More than 7,800 FSIS inspection program personnel are assigned to about 6,200 Federal slaughter, [[food processing]], and import establishments in the [[United States]]. They verify the processing of tens of billions of pounds of meat and poultry, and billions of pounds of egg products. At slaughter establishments, inspectors perform antemortem inspections to prevent slaughter of diseased animals. Then, [[postmortem]] examinations are performed to identify diseased carcasses not evident [[antemortem]]. Regulations for rapid chilling, adequate trimming and sanitary washing are enforced to reduce microbial contamination. Samples are collected for residue testing to ensure antibiotic, pesticide and other residues are below regulatory limits. For cattle, tissue samples are tested for the presence of [[bovine spongiform encephalopathy]]. In processing plants, procedures and formulations are monitored to insure FSIS requirements and standards of identity are met. Inspectors in egg plants primarily monitor pasteurization. In all plants, sanitation, net weight and accurate labeling (including nutrition information) regulations are enforced. FSIS also is responsible for products presented for import inspection at ports and borders, from countries that FSIS has determined to have inspection systems equivalent to Federal inspection systems.
More than 7,800 FSIS inspection program personnel are assigned to about 6,200 Federal slaughter, [[food processing]], and import establishments in the [[United States]]. They verify the processing of tens of billions of pounds of meat and poultry, and billions of pounds of egg products. At slaughter establishments, inspectors perform antemortem inspections to prevent slaughter of diseased animals. Then, [[postmortem]] examinations are performed to identify diseased carcasses not evident [[antemortem]]. Regulations for rapid chilling, adequate trimming and sanitary washing are enforced to reduce microbial contamination. Samples are collected for residue testing to ensure antibiotic, pesticide and other residues are below regulatory limits. For cattle, tissue samples are tested for the presence of [[bovine spongiform encephalopathy]]. In processing plants, procedures and formulations are monitored to ensure that FSIS requirements and standards of identity are met. Inspectors in egg plants primarily monitor pasteurization. In all plants, sanitation, net weight and accurate labeling (including nutrition information) regulations are enforced. FSIS also is responsible for products presented for import inspection at ports and borders, from countries that FSIS has determined to have inspection systems equivalent to Federal inspection systems.


Everyone in the food chain, from farmer through consumer, has a responsibility in keeping the food supply safe. Meat, poultry, and processed egg products can be contaminated with bacteria at any point during production, distribution, and consumption. FDA works closely with other federal agencies that have some role in the regulation of meat, poultry, and processed egg products along the farm to table continuum.
Everyone in the food chain, from farmer through consumer, has a responsibility in keeping the food supply safe. Meat, poultry, and processed egg products can be contaminated with bacteria at any point during production, distribution, and consumption. FDA works closely with other federal agencies that have some role in the regulation of meat, poultry, and processed egg products along the farm to table continuum.

Revision as of 01:47, 11 October 2012

"FSIS" redirects here. The term may also refer to Finnish Security Intelligence Service.
Food Safety and Inspection Service
Logo of the USDA
Agency overview
FormedMarch 14, 1977
HeadquartersSidney R. Yates Building
1400 Independence Ave SW
Washington, D.C.
Employees10,000
Agency executive
Parent agencyDepartment of Agriculture
Websitewww.fsis.usda.gov

The Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS), an agency of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), is the public health regulatory agency responsible for ensuring that the nation's commercial supply of meat, poultry, and egg products is safe, wholesome, and correctly labeled and packaged. The FSIS draws its authority from the Federal Meat Inspection Act of 1906, the Poultry Products Inspection Act of 1957 and the Egg Products Inspection Act of 1970.

Food products that are under the jurisdiction of the FSIS, and thus subject to inspection, are those that contain more than 3% meat or 2% poultry products, with several exceptions,[1] and egg products (liquid, frozen or dried). Shell eggs, meat and poultry products that are not under the jurisdiction of the FSIS are under the jurisdiction of the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA).

Overview

More than 7,800 FSIS inspection program personnel are assigned to about 6,200 Federal slaughter, food processing, and import establishments in the United States. They verify the processing of tens of billions of pounds of meat and poultry, and billions of pounds of egg products. At slaughter establishments, inspectors perform antemortem inspections to prevent slaughter of diseased animals. Then, postmortem examinations are performed to identify diseased carcasses not evident antemortem. Regulations for rapid chilling, adequate trimming and sanitary washing are enforced to reduce microbial contamination. Samples are collected for residue testing to ensure antibiotic, pesticide and other residues are below regulatory limits. For cattle, tissue samples are tested for the presence of bovine spongiform encephalopathy. In processing plants, procedures and formulations are monitored to ensure that FSIS requirements and standards of identity are met. Inspectors in egg plants primarily monitor pasteurization. In all plants, sanitation, net weight and accurate labeling (including nutrition information) regulations are enforced. FSIS also is responsible for products presented for import inspection at ports and borders, from countries that FSIS has determined to have inspection systems equivalent to Federal inspection systems.

Everyone in the food chain, from farmer through consumer, has a responsibility in keeping the food supply safe. Meat, poultry, and processed egg products can be contaminated with bacteria at any point during production, distribution, and consumption. FDA works closely with other federal agencies that have some role in the regulation of meat, poultry, and processed egg products along the farm to table continuum.

FSIS is a separate and distinct agency independent from the FDA. FSIS is under the direction of the Department of Agriculture[2] where the FDA is under the direction of the Department of Health and Human Services[3]. The two agencies share responsibilities on various topics concerning food safety, but have different methods of enforcement and supervision of food producers. For example, both FSIS and the FDA have the authority to regulate food labeling. FSIS requires a food producer to obtain pre-market approval of their intended label before the product is entered into the stream of commerce[4] (for products under their jurisdiction). The FDA does not require that a food producer, in their jurisdiction, obtain pre-market approval of their label[5]. FSIS takes a preemptive role in food labeling where the FDA takes a reactive role in food labeling.

FSIS derives its authority from the Federal Meat Inspection Act of 1906[6], the Poultry Products Inspection Act of 1957[7], and the Egg Products Inspection Act of 1970[8]. FSIS inspects meat and poultry products to ensure that there is no misbranded[9] or adulterated[10] products being put into the stream of commerce.

Recalls

Recalls are voluntary actions by manufacturers, distributors or importers to protect the public by removing from commerce products that are adulterated or misbranded.

As soon as FSIS learns that a meat or poultry product under its jurisdiction may be unsafe or mislabeled is in commerce, the agency forms a team to determine whether a recall is needed. The Recall Committee is composed of FSIS representatives from various areas of expertise. The committee evaluates all the information available and makes a recommendation to the establishment whose product is in question, including the parameters of the recall.

After a recall issued, FSIS conducts effectiveness checks to ensure that the company’s customers (or consignees) have received notice of the recall and are making every effort to retrieve and destroy the recalled product or return it to the recalling firm. FSIS personnel verify that the recalling firm has been diligent and successful in notifying and advising their consignees of the need to retrieve and control recalled product, and that the consignees have responded accordingly. FSIS has formal agreements with many state governments that allow those states to participate in effectiveness checks, thus improving the speed and effectiveness of recalls.

When a product is recalled, FSIS issues a recall release to the media in the affected area, sends it to public health partners and stakeholders and posts it on the FSIS Web site.

In certain situations where a recall is not warranted, but there is still a risk to public health, FSIS may issue a public health alert.[11] PHAs have been issued when a product was not considered adulterated, but illnesses were involved; when illnesses were associated with a meat or poultry product, but a source of contamination was not identified; or a product is no longer available in commerce, but may be held or in use by consumers.

See also

References

  1. ^ "Food Standards and Labeling Policy Book" (PDF). Retrieved September 21, 2008.
  2. ^ http://www.fsis.usda.gov/About_FSIS/index.asp
  3. ^ http://www.fda.gov/AboutFDA/CentersOffices/default.htm
  4. ^ 21 U.S.C. 607(d) and 21 U.S.C. 457(c)
  5. ^ P.L. 75-717
  6. ^ 59th Congress Session I 34 Stat. 669
  7. ^ P.L. 85-172
  8. ^ P.L. 91-597 Proposed Amendment: H.R. 3798
  9. ^ The Federal Meat Inspection Act defines "Misbranded"
    1. if the product's labeling is false or misleading in any particular way;
    2. if it is offered for sale under the name of another food;
    3. If it is an imitation of another food, unless it is labeled as such;
    4. if its container is misleading; #unless it bears a label with the name of the manufacturer, distributor, and net quantity of contents;
    5. if its labeling is not prominent and conspicuous;
    6. if it purports to be a food with a standard of identity without conforming to the standard;
    7. if it misrepresents itself as a food with standard of fill;
    8. if it does not bear a common or usual name (provided it is not covered by a standard of identity) and declare ingredients by common or usual name;
    9. if it purports to be a food for special dietary use without conforming to FDA regulations on such products;
    10. if it contains artificial flavoring, artificial coloring, or chemical preservatives that are not declared (with exceptions); and
    11. if it fails to bear an inspection legend and establishment number.
  10. ^ The Federal Meat Inspection Act of 1906 defines "Adultered"
    1. if any substance has been mixed and packed with it so as to reduce or lower or injuriously affect its quality or strength;
    2. if any substance has been substituted wholly or in part for the article;
    3. if any valuable constituent of the article has been wholly or in part abstracted;
    4. if it be mixed, colored, powdered, coated or stained in a manner whereby damage or inferiority is concealed;
    5. if it contain any added poisonous or other added deleterious ingredient which may render such article injurious to health;
    6. if it consists in whole or in part of a filthy, decomposed, or putrid animal or vegetable substance, or any portion of an animal unfit for food, whether manufactured or not, or if it is the product of a diseased animal, or one that has died otherwise than by slaughter.
  11. ^ "Public Health Alerts". Fsis.usda.gov. Retrieved May 15, 2011.
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