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Revision as of 02:54, 26 October 2012

This article is about the City of Cagayan de Oro in the Philippines. For other uses, see Cagayan (disambiguation).
City of Cagayan de Oro
Dakbayan sa Cagayán de Oro
Lungsód ng Cagayán de Oro
Highly-urbanized city
From top-left to right: Cagayan de Oro at night, Provincial Capitol building, Limketkai Hotel, Progresso de Misamis Oriental statue, C.M. Recto avenue, Velez street, St. Augustine Cathedral, Cagayan de Oro at morning.
From top-left to right: Cagayan de Oro at night, Provincial Capitol building, Limketkai Hotel, Progresso de Misamis Oriental statue, C.M. Recto avenue, Velez street, St. Augustine Cathedral, Cagayan de Oro at morning.
Flag of City of Cagayan de Oro
Flag
Official seal of City of Cagayan de Oro
Seal
Nickname(s): 
City of Golden Friendship
Melting Pot of Mindanao
Map of Misamis Oriental showing the location of Cagayan de Oro
Map of Misamis Oriental showing the location of Cagayan de Oro
CountryPhilippines Philippines
RegionNorthern Mindanao (Region X)
Class1st Class City; Highly-urbanized
ProvinceMisamis Oriental (Capital)
Districts1st (West) to 2nd (East) Districts of Cagayan de Oro
Barangays80
Incorporated (Town)1871
Incorporated (City)June 15, 1950
Government
 • TypeMayor-council
 • MayorVicente Y. Emano
 • Vice MayorCeasar Ian E. Acenas
 • HeadquartersExecutive Building (Old City Hall)
 • Representatives
City Representatives
 • City Council
Area
 • Total
488.86 km2 (188.75 sq mi)
Elevation
10.0 m (32.8 ft)
Population
 (2010)
 • Total
602,088
 • Density945/km2 (2,450/sq mi)
 • Demonym
Cagayanons Kagay-anons
 • Languages
Cebuano Filipino (Tagalog) Zamboangueño and English
Time zoneUTC+8 (PST)
ZIP Code
9000
Area code(s)88, 8822
AbbreviationsCDO, CDOC, CdeO, Cag. de Oro
Websitewww.cagayandeoro.gov.ph

The City of Cagayan de Oro; (/[invalid input: 'icon']kəˈɡaɪən deɪ ˈɔːroʊ/ kə-GY-ən day OHR-oh; Cebuano: Dakbayan sa Cagayan de Oro; Filipino: Lungsod ng Cagayan de Oro) (abbreviated as CDO, CDOC, CdeO or Cag. de Oro), is the provincial capital of the province of Misamis Oriental in the Philippines. It is nicknamed the "City of Golden Friendship" (Dakbayan sa Bulawanong Panaghigala-ay in Cebuano, as the phrase appears on the city's seal).

It serves as the regional center of the Northern Mindanao region and is part of the Metro Cagayan de Oro area. According to the 2010 Census, the city has an estimated population of 602,088 inhabitants.

Etymology

The name Cagayán de Oro can be traced back during the arrival of the Spanish Augustinian Recollect friars in 1622, the area around Himologan (now Huluga), was already known as "Cagayan". Early Spanish documents in the 16th century already referred to the place as "Cagayán". The area of Northern Mindanao, which included Cagayán de Oro, was granted as Encomienda to a certain Juan Griego on January 25, 1571.

It was Emmanuel Peláez who appended de Oro to Cagayán in recognition of the gold mining activities in the area, harking back to the Spanish colonization.[1] Thus, the city's full name is a combination of the ancient Austronesian and Spanish languages that translates to "City of the River of Gold".

History

See also: Battle of Cagayan de Misamis

The city was first inhabited around 377 C.E. (the late Neolithic period), island natives lived in a settlement then known as Himologan[2] (now known as Huluga), eight kilometers from present day Cagayán de Oro. The natives were polytheistic animists and paid tributes to Sultan Muhammad Dipatuan Kudarat, the Sultan of Maguindanao.

In 1622, two Spanish Augustinian Recollect missionaries came in contact with the natives of Himologan and in 1626, Fray Agustín de San Pedro persuaded the chief of Himologan, Datu Salangsang, to transfer his settlement down river, to the present-day Gaston Park. De San Pedro later fortified the new settlement against Sultan Kudarat's raiders.

In 1738, Spanish dominance was felt in Cagayán de Oro. When Misamis gained status of province in 1818, one of its four districts was the Partidos de Cagayan. In 1871, the "Partidos" became a town and was made a permanent capital of Misamis.

On February 27, 1872, Governor-General Carlos María de La Torre issued a decree declaring Cagayan the permanent capital of Segundo Distrito de Misamis. During this era, the name of the town was known as Cagayán de Misamis.

In 1883, the town became a seat of the Spanish government in Mindanao for the Provinces of Misamis Oriental, Misamis Occidental, Bukidnon and Lanao del Norte.

On January 10, 1899, Cagayán de Misamis joined the government of Emilio Aguinaldo and celebrated its independence from Spain. It was the second time the Aguinaldo government was declared and the new Philippine flag raised on the Mindanao island.

By virtue of the 1898 Treaty of Paris, Spain ceded the Philippines to the United States; this caused friction and resulted in the Philippine–American War. On March 31, 1900, Americans occupied Cagayán de Misamis and on April 7, 1900, battle erupted in the town center led by General Nicolas Capistrano[3] and Filipino resistance fighters. This would later be known as the Battle of Cagayan de Misamis. The Americans won the war, and about forty years later, gave the Philippines its Independence July 4, 1946.[4] The war years in Cagayan de Oro were prompted by the presence of the Americans in 1898. The Americans were initially and successfully repulsed by the Kagay-anons forces led by Mayor Don Apolinar Vélez at the historic Battle of Makahambus on June 4, 1900.

The American forces attacking Makahambus, circa 1900s.

After the troubled years, peace finally brought back the economic activities to normalcy under the guidance of the United States. Consequently, from a purely farming-fishing area, Cagayan de Oro emerged into a booming commerce and trade center.

In 1948 the barrios of El Salvador and Molugan with their sitios known as Sala, Sambulawan, Sinaloc, Lagtang, Talaba, Kalabaylabay and Hinigdaan were separated from Cagayan de Oro to form the town of El Salvador.[5]

In 1950 the barrios of Opol, Igpit, and Lower Iponan were separated from Cagayan de Oro to form the town of Opol.[6]

On June 15, 1950, President Elpidio Quirino signed Republic Act No. 521, which granted the status of a chartered city to the Municipality of Cagayan de Misamis.[7] This was made possible through the efforts of then Cagayan de Oro Congressman Emmanuel Pelaez.[8]

Cagayan de Oro was then declared a highly-urbanized city by the Ministry of Local Government on November 22, 1983.

On December 16, 2011, Tropical Storm Sendong caused widespread flash floods in Northern Mindanao. In Cagayan de Oro, hundreds living near the banks of the Cagayan de Oro River were killed, with hundreds still missing. The total death toll in Northern Mindanao (including Iligan City and nearby regions) is estimated to be at least 500.[9][10]

Officials said that despite government warning, some people did not evacuate. Five people were killed in a landslide, but all others died in the flash floods. The flash flooding occurred overnight, following 10 hours of rain, compounded by overflowing rivers and tributaries. Most of the victims had been sleeping.

In some areas, up to 20 centimeters of rain fell in 24 hours. More than 2,000 have been rescued, according to the Armed Forces of the Philippines, and at least 20,000 people are staying in 10 evacuation centers in Cagayan de Oro. Officials are also investigating reports that an entire village was swept away.[11]

Geography

See also: Metro Cagayan de Oro
NASA - satellite image of Macajalar Bay and the metropolis area.

Cagayan de Oro is located along the central coast of Northern Mindanao. It is situated in Mindanao, the second giant of the archipelago of all the landmass of the Philippines.

The southern portion of the city is bordered by the Provinces of Bukidnon and Lanao del Norte. The Municipality of Opol borders the city on the west and Tagoloan, Misamis Oriental to the east. To the north lies Macajalar Bay facing Bohol Sea.

Its total land area is 488.86 km² representing 13.9% of the entire Misamis Oriental Province. It includes 25 kilometers of coastline and a harbor, Macajalar Bay. 44.7% of the surface of Cagayan de Oro is classified as agricultural land and 38.4% is classified as open spaces.[12]

The city is frequently categorized and referenced according to geographic factors:

  • 1st district (West) - consist of 24 barangays which mostly are suburban.
  • 2nd district (East) - 17 barangays including city proper Barangays 1-40.

Climate

Under the Köppen climate classification system, Cagayan de Oro has a tropical climate together with the rest of the Philippines. The average temperature whole year round is 28 °C (82 °F). The highest recorded temperature in the city was 39 °C (102 °F) on June 1998.

Cagayan de Oro receives an even amount of rain throughout the year. The driest month is April, while July is the wettest. Wet season in the city starts in June and ends in November. Drier season starts in December and ends in May. The city is outside the typhoon belt, but it is affected by the Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone.

Template:Cagayan de Oro Weather Box

Demographics

Population census
YearPop.±% p.a.
1903 21,779—    
1918 28,062+1.70%
1939 48,084+2.60%
1948 46,266−0.43%
1970 128,319+4.74%
1975 165,220+5.20%
1980 227,312+6.59%
1990 339,598+4.10%
2000 461,871+3.12%
2007 553,966+2.54%
2010 602,088+3.08%
[13]

As of the 2010 census, the population of the city was 602,088 making it the 10th most populous city in the Philippines.

Population density

The residents of Cagayan de Oro are a mixture of Maranao, Bukidnon-Higaonon and Chinese bloods. There are about 44% of the household population in Cagayan de Oro classified themselves as Visayan (Binisaya or bisaya), 22.15% as Cebuano, 4.38% as Boholano, while 28.07% as other ethnic groups (2000 Census).[14]

Languages

See also: Cebuano language

Cebuano is the city's lingua franca, thanks to the influx of Cebuano speakers from the Visayas. English is mainly used for business and in the academe.

Most of the local populations are also fluent in Tagalog. There are also a number of older residents who can still speak basic Spanish. Hokkien Chinese is spoken by the Chinese-Filipino community in the city.

However there are a number of other languages (mostly Visayan) spoken in the city. These include Waray-Waray, Hiligaynon, Maranao, Higaonon, among others.

The Chavacano creole is also spoken by immigrants from Zamboanga Peninsula and Cotabato.

Economy

See also: Economy of the Philippines
File:Skyline Cagayan de Oro.JPG
The city's skyline as viewed from Barangay Carmen.
File:Cagayan De Oro street scene.jpg
Downtown Cogon.

Cagayan de Oro is the Melting Pot of Mindanao because of its accessibility, business growth, attractions and notable warmth and hospitality of its people. It is also a business hub of Northern Mindanao region, considered as one of the most progressive and competitive cities in the country.[15] It was recorded to have reached the annual income of 1.345 billion pesos as of the fiscal year in 2006. The city's economy is largely based on industry, commerce, trade, services and tourism.

Investment in Cagayan de Oro for the first six months of 2012 have reached 7.4 billion pesos outpacing the local government's expectation of to nearly 100 percent. Investments in the city is dominated by malls, high rise hotels and condominiums and convention centers. Revenue collections for 2011 pegged at 1.8 billion pesos.

With the ongoing construction of the Laguindingan International Airport located in the Municipality of Laguindingan, business analysts predict the entry of more foreign and local investments and an increase in tourism activity in the region will make Cagayan de Oro as one of the chief cities in the southern part of the Philippines.[12]

Arts and culture

Religion

Main article: Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cagayan de Oro

Roman Catholic is the city's dominant religion, represented by almost 87% of the population. Other religious affiliations includes Seventh Day Adventist, Iglesia ni Cristo, Philippine Independent Church, United Church of Christ in the Philippines, Christ's Commission Fellowship, Jesus Miracle Crusade, Islam, and others.

Most Reverend James T.G. Hayes, the first Archbishop of Cagayan de Oro.

Archdiocese of Cagayan de Oro is an Archdiocese of the Roman Catholic Church in the Philippines. The archdiocese comprises three civil Provinces of Misamis Oriental, Bukidnon and Camiguin. It is a metropolitan see in the island of Mindanao.

The current Archbishop is Most Reverend Antonio J. Ledesma, S.J., D.D., who was installed on March 4, 2006 and its seat is located at St. Augustine Metropolitan Cathedral.

Recently, the Basilica of the Black Nazarene in Quiapo Church has also decided to move the replica statue of the Black Nazarene to Jesus Nazareno Parish Church in Cagayan de Oro, so that Black Nazarene devotees from Mindanao may not have to travel to Quiapo in Manila for their annual pilgrimage.

In recent decades, Protestants abound in the city. One of the known Protestant groups in the city is Pentecostalism, which dramatically increased forth with 2.8% total population. About 20 churches have been settling in the metropolitan area.

Celebration International Church has one of the highest member attendances with a record of 735 members. In addition, three main Pentecostal mother churches are situated in the suburban area and few in the metropolitan areas.

Also, Adventists, Mormons, and Methodists are surged in the suburban areas and few in the city. Although, many Protestants are sourced from foreign countries such as Korea, Australia, and USA and other countries with Protestant populations.

Annual events

There are several notable events in the city. Each barangays or barrios has its own feast locally known as Fiesta literally as festivals honoring their patron saints after achieving recognition in their own rights.

The Kagay-an Festival is a week-long festival in celebration of Cagayan de Oro's patron saint Señor San Agustin, held every month of August. "Kagay-an" thus means a river. Highlights of the Kagay-an Festival are Kahimuan Trade Fair that features the native products of the city and province particularly on agriculture products, Miss Kagay-an, Folkloric Street Dancing Competition which features colorful attires and cultural dances of the Higaonon tribes, Golden Float Parade, Halad sa Lambagohan, PE Rhythmic Dance Competition, Kalo Festival and Kumbira that started on 1996 by Kagay-anons hoteliers and restaurants. A culinary show and exhibit, it has been evolved over the years and it now hosts a culinary competition among students and professionals all over Mindanao.[16]

The competition is divided into students and professionals where Hotel and Restaurant Management schools and professional chefs compete against each other in their respective categories. There are also cultural shows, competitions and celebrity concerts.

Charter Day is the city's celebration of its cityhood established on June 15, 1950. It is a non-working holiday and a roster of special activities is lined up annually to mark this special occasion.

Cuisine

Main article: Philippine cuisine
Cagayan de Oro is noted for its pineapple industry.

Cagayan de Oro’s food culture includes a variety of world cuisines influenced by the city's immigrant history. Western and Austronesian immigrants have made the city famous for pastel bread, chicharrón, and ham. Numerous Chinese and Korean restaurants are also present in the city. Some mobile food vendors licensed by the city sell street food like kwek-kwek, fish balls, tempura, and grilled meat.

Sports

Main article: Sports in the Philippines

Cagayan de Oro is the home of Cagayan de Oro Stars and Cagayan de Oro Rapids basketball teams. This major teams of the city is member community of Mindanao Visayas Basketball Association, an amateur commercial basketball league in Southern Philippines sanctioned by the country's National Sports Association for basketball, the Samahang Basketbol ng Pilipinas (SBP). Also it is the home of Holcim MoneyGram-Misamis Oriental and Holcim Pryce Pharma which commencing the Misamis Oriental. Aside from the basketball, Cagayan de Oro also to be known for its oldest lawn tennis clubs like the Golden Friendship Tennis Club. In addition, the city is ornamented with amateur volleyball teams as Xavier University Volleyball Team, DLSU Lady Archers Volleyball Team, and UP alumni association.

The metro cagayan was its pride of professionalism in chess, one of the most common recreations in the metro by continuing championships in Mindanao since 1990’s. Nevertheless, the Kagay-anons also boast with its tourist highlights recreation a white water rafting and Kayaking through the Cagayan River. Also the suburban recreation in cagayan de oro of its Cave adventure or called Cueba de Oro and canopy walk.

Cagayan de Oro also boasts a number of sports venues, including the largest sports complex in Mindanao the Pelaez Memorial Sports Center, Xavier University Gym, Liceo de Cagayan University Gym and other, a sports and entertainment complex that also hosts concerts. The Pelaez Memorial Sports Center serves as the home complex of Misamis Oriental sports teams.

Government

See also: List of mayors of Cagayan de Oro City
The Executive Building (Old City Hall), Seat of the Local Government.

Elected and appointed officials have administered Cagayan de Oro since June 15, 1950, with a strong Mayor-council government. The city political government is composed of the Mayor, Vice Mayor, two Congressional districts Representatives, sixteen Councilors, one Sangguniang Kabataan (SK) Federation Representative and an Association of Barangay Captains (ABC) Representative. Each official is elected publicly to a three-year terms.

Current city officials (2010-2013)

The following are the current city Officials of Cagayan de Oro:[17]

  • City Mayor: Hon. Vicente Y. Emano
  • Vice Mayor: Hon. Ceasar Ian E. Acenas

Administrative districts

Main article: Legislative districts of Cagayan de Oro City

Barangays

Cagayan de Oro is politically subdivided into 80 barangays. These are grouped into two congressional districts, 24 barangays in the 1st District (West) and 56 barangays in the 2nd District (East), with Cagayan de Oro River as the natural boundary. The city has a 57 urbanized barangays and 23 rural barangays all in all.

Law enforcement

U.S. Navy-Philippine Coast Guard operation training off the coast of Cagayan de Oro in Macajalar Bay.

Cagayan de Oro is the base of major military and police camps in the Northern Mindanao region. Camp Vicente Alagar, located in Barangay Lapasan, is the headquarters of the Philippine National Police in the city. It has jurisdiction over the entire region.

Camp Edilberto Evangelista, located in Barangay Patag is the largest military camp in Mindanao with an area of 129 hectares. It is home to the 4th Infantry Division of the Philippine Army. Camp Evangelista's external jurisdiction covers the Northern Mindanao and Caraga regions. Minor military camps are also located in Barangay Lumbia and Upper Puerto.

In 2009, the crime rate in Cagayan de Oro decreased. An annual accomplishment report revealed a crime solution efficiency rate of 97.18 percent in 2007. It exceeded the 85 percent crime solution efficiency rate goal set by the police.[18][19]

Education

See also: List of colleges and universities in the Philippines
The Xavier University - Ateneo de Cagayan, is the first university charter in Mindanao.

Aside from being the commercial capital of Northern Mindanao region, Cagayan de Oro is also considered as the school capital of the region and home to several universities, colleges and tertiary schools. It has three major private universities Capitol University, Liceo de Cagayan University and Xavier University – Ateneo de Cagayan. These institutions specialize in various disciplines such as medicine, nursing, commerce, computer science, engineering, and law, as well as graduate and post-graduate courses.

Among the most popular schools are Southern de Oro Philippine College (SPC), Pilgrim Christian College, Cagayan de Oro College – PHINMA Education Network, Lourdes College and St. Mary's Academy of Carmen run by the RVM Sisters, STI College-Cagayan de Oro with secondary education in Barangay Kauswagan. Other schools in the city are Cagayan de Oro National High School, Misamis Oriental General Comprehensive High School(MOGCHS), Corpus Christi School, Nanuri International School run by the Koreans, International School (IS), Golden Heritage Polytechnic College, Vineyard International Polytechnic College, and Montessori de Oro. There are schools in Cagayan de Oro using the Accelerated Christian Education system, one of these schools including Lapasan Baptist Christian Academy and Shekinah Glory Christian Academy. There are two Chinese schools in the city: Kong Hua School and Oro Christian Grace School.

The Mindanao University of Science and Technology is the only state university in the city.[20] There are also a number of foreign schools in the city with study programs.

Infrastructure

Shopping

See also: List of shopping malls in Cagayan de Oro

There are several shopping malls in Cagayan de Oro. Notable ones include the Ororama Chain of Stores, Limketkai Mall, SM City Cagayan de Oro, Robinsons Cagayan de Oro, Centrio, Paseo Mall, Gaisano City Malls.

Transportation

Cagayan de Oro is accessible by means of land, air and, water transportation.

Port of Cagayan de Oro, the busiest government port in Mindanao.[21]
C.M. Recto Avenue

Seaports

Cagayan de Oro Port in Macabalan area is a seaport situated near the estuary of Cagayan de Oro River, it has an anchorage depth of 18 meters and is around 400 meters from the shoreline. With the recent completion of the P250 million rehabilitation project, the port is now the largest international and domestic seaport in the country.[22]

The international seaport serves regular trips to and from Manila, Cebu City, Tagbilaran, Bacolod, Dumaguete, Iloilo City and Jagna, Bohol. It is the busiest seaport in the Philippines.

Airports

Main article: Laguindingan International Airport
A Boeing 737-300 in Lumbia Airport.

Lumbia Airport is the second-busiest airport in Mindanao after Francisco Bangoy International Airport in Davao City which caters domestic flights to and from Manila, Cebu City and Davao City. It is set to be replaced by the larger Laguindingan International Airport, currently under construction in the Municipality of Laguindingan, some 46 kilometers southwest of Cagayan de Oro.

Laguindingan International Airport sits on a 4.17 square kilometer site in Barangay Moog, Laguindingan, Misamis Oriental[23] and located 46 kilometers from the existing Lumbia Airport. It was inaugurated on January 11, 2006 with groundbreaking ceremonies presided by former President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, who advocated the idea of an international airport in the Cagayan de Oro-Iligan Corridor.[24]

Land transportation

Several means of public transportation are available in the city. A number of companies also operate taxi services. There is also a couple of river taxis that operates ply down to the Cagayan de Oro River for both locals and tourists.

Medical facilities

See also: List of hospitals in the Philippines

Cagayan de Oro has a hospital bed to population ratio of 1:474 as of 2003. There are twelve major private and government-run hospitals including fifty Barangay Health Centers and twenty Family Planning Centers.[citation needed]

J.R. Borja Memorial Medical Hospital (formerly City Hospital) and Northern Mindanao Medical Center (formerly Provincial Hospital) are the two main government-run hospitals while the Polymedic Medical Plaza, Maria Reyna — Xavier University Hospital, and Capitol University Medical City are privately-owned.

Utilities

  • There are five major land based phone companies MisOrTel, PLDT-PhilCom, Smart Broadband (formerly CruzTelCo), BayanTel and ItalTel serving the city.
  • There are several internet companies operating in the city offering dial up, broadband, Wi-Fi and cable services. Pueblo de Oro Business IT Park located in Upper Carmen is the first PEZA-registered IT park in Mindanao. The IT Park currently houses one of Cagayan de Oro's call centers.
  • Water services are provided by the Cagayan de Oro Water District (COWD), it was the first water district established in the entire Philippines.
  • Electricity is provided by the Cagayan Electric Power and Light Company (CEPALCO). CEPALCO, which began operations in 1952 that covers Cagayan de Oro and the Municipalities of Tagoloan, Villanueva and Jasaan, all in the Province of Misamis Oriental, including the 3,000-hectare PHIVIDEC Industrial Estate and caters to more than 100,000 consumers. The company's distribution system network now includes 138KV, 69KV, 34.5KV and 13.8KV systems. CEPALCO is also operating the developing world's first and largest (at the time of its inauguration in 2004) on-grid Solar Photovoltaic power plant. The 1-megawatt polycrystalline silicon-based Photovoltaic (PV) plant in Barangay Indahag of this city is connected with the distribution network of CEPALCO. It is the biggest solar power plant connected to the power grid in Southeast Asia.[25]

Tourism

File:Augustinecathedral.jpg
St. Augustine Cathedral, one of the oldest cathedrals in Mindanao.
Whitewater rafting in the Cagayan de Oro River.
Tribal houses in Malasag Eco-Tourism Village.

Whitewater rafting has been one of the tourism activities being promoted in the Cagayan de Oro River.[26] The city government and the Department of Tourism has declated it as the banner tourism activity in Cagayan de Oro.[27]

In 2004, the city registered tourist arrivals of 307,820, an increase from a previous of 232,257 in 2003.[12]

Landmarks

Notable landmarks in the city are the Vicente de Lara Park, Gaston Park and St. Augustine Cathedral, MacArthur Memorial Market, Plaza Divisoria, Makahambus Cave and Adventure Park, and the Huluga Caves.

Media

Main article: List of newspapers in the Philippines

Notable media publications in the city are the Mindanao Gold Star Daily, Sun.Star Cagayan de Oro and Super Balita. Ang Katarungan is the city's major English-Cebuano language paper published since 1926.

Four of the five television stations in the city are operated by broadcast networks — ETC/CHASE TV 5, ABS-CBN TV 2, GMA TV, RMN/BEAM/CHASE and Jack TV 8 and TV5 Channel 21. DXDD, the fifth television station, is operated by the Cagayan de Oro College Broadcast Network.

The Parasat Cable TV Incorporated and Jade Cable TV are the two cable systems in the city.

International relations

See also: List of sister cities in the Philippines

Sister cities

Cagayan de Oro has sister cities worldwide, as classified by the city government.

United States Lawndale City, United States[28][29]
Taiwan Tainan City, Taiwan
China Harbin, China
Philippines Butuan City, Philippines

Ranking

Template:Largest cities in Mindanao

See also

References

  1. ^ Antonio J. Montalvan, Ph.D. (2009)History of Cagayan de Oro:Spanish Arrival , Heritage Conversation Advocates, Retrieved October 2012
  2. ^ Montalvan, Antonio J. II (January 16, 2002. Updated October 16, 2009). "History of Cagayan de Oro". Heritage Conservation Advocates. p. 2. Retrieved September 13, 2012. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  3. ^ "Unsung Heroes of the Philippine Revolution: Ang mga Pilipino sa Ating Kasaysayan, a Centennial Resource Book". MSC Institute of Technology. Retrieved September 13, 2012.
  4. ^ Berlow, Alan (July 04, 1996). "The Independence Day That Wasn't". Philippine Centennial Series. Philippine History Group of Los Angeles. Retrieved September 13, 2012. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  5. ^ The 1st Congress of the Philippines (June 15, 1948). "R.A. No. 268, An Act Creating the Municipality of El Salvador, Province of Misamis Oriental". Philippine Law Info. Retrieved April 08, 2011. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help); Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  6. ^ The 2nd Congress of the Philippines (June 15, 1950). "R.A. No. 524, An Act Creating the Municipality of Opol, Province of Misamis Oriental". Philippine Law Info. Retrieved April 09, 2011. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help); Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  7. ^ The 2nd Congress of the Philippines (June 15, 1950). "R.A. No. 521, Cagayan de Oro City Charter". Philippine Law Info. Retrieved September 13, 2012. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  8. ^ Roa, A. Paulita (June 15, 2012). "The City of Cagayan de Oro". Feature. Sun.Star Cagayan de Oro. Retrieved September 13, 2012. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help); Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |work= (help)
  9. ^ Marquez, Bullit and Gomez, Jim (December 19, 2011). "Hundreds killed as flash floods hit Philippines". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved December 19, 2011. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  10. ^ Whaley, Floyd (December 17, 2011). "Floods in Southern Philippines Leave Hundreds Dead". Asia Pacific. The New York Times. Retrieved December 19, 2011. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help); Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |work= (help)
  11. ^ Ressa, Maria (December 19, 2011). "Storm death toll tops 650 in Philippines; hundreds missing". Asia. CNN. Retrieved September 13, 2012. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help); Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |work= (help)
  12. ^ a b c "The Official Website of Cagayan de Oro City". The City Government of Cagayan de Oro City. Retrieved September 13, 2012. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  13. ^ "Cagayan de Oro - 2011 Census". Local Governance Performance Management System. Retrieved September 13, 2012. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  14. ^ "Cagayan de Oro City: Population growth rate declined to 1.63 percent". National Statistics Office. September 17, 2002. Retrieved September 13, 2012. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  15. ^ "Cagayan de Oro". Philippine Airlines. Retrieved September 13, 2012. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  16. ^ "Kagay-an Festival". CDO Guide: Your Online Guide to Cagayan de Oro. Retrieved September 13, 2012. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  17. ^ "Officials in Cagayan de Oro City". Elizaga. Retrieved September 13, 2012. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  18. ^ Gorit, Gerry (May 02, 2009). "Cagayan de Oro crime rate drops". Manila Bulletin. Retrieved September 13, 2012. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  19. ^ "PNP CDO marks 97% crime solution efficiency rate" (Press release). Philippine Information Agency. January 18, 2008. Retrieved September 13, 2012. {{cite press release}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  20. ^ The 14th Congress of the Philippines (January 07, 2009). "R.A. No. 9519, Mindanao University of Science and Technology Charter". Philippine Law Info. Retrieved September 13, 2012. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  21. ^ "Port of Cagayan de Oro". Philippine Ports Authority. Retrieved September 13, 2012. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  22. ^ Rodriguez, Maria Cecilia (July 26, 2007). "Cagayan seaport expansion finished". Waterway & Maritime Transport. Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved September 13, 2012. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help); Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |work= (help)
  23. ^ Rodriguez, Ma. Cecilia (July 22, 2007). "Waiting for the flight from Laguindingan". Inquirer Headlines - Regions. Inquirer Mobile. Retrieved September 13, 2012. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help); Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |work= (help)
  24. ^ Cabahug-Aguhob, Rutchie (December 14, 2009). "Pres. Arroyo inaugurates 17,000th km-milestone FMR" (Press release). Philippine Information Agency. Retrieved September 13, 2012. {{cite press release}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  25. ^ "CEPALCO'S 1MWP Photovoltaic Power Plant". Cagayan Electric Power and Light Company, Inc. Retrieved September 13, 2012. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  26. ^ "Kayak Domain and Kayaking Philippines". Kayak Domain. Retrieved September 13, 2012. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  27. ^ "Cagayan de Oro's White Water Rafting". Philippine Postal Corporation. June 18, 2012. Retrieved September 13, 2012. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  28. ^ "South Bay Facts". Los Angeles Times. July 31, 1986. Retrieved September 13, 2012. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  29. ^ "Minutes of the Lawndele City Council Regular Meeting" (PDF). City Government of LawndaleCity. December 19, 2011. p. 8. Retrieved September 13, 2012. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
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