Bangalore disturbances: Difference between revisions
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== Causes == |
== Causes == |
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In June 1928, the |
In June 1928, the students of of Hindu Anglo-Vernacular School, [[Sultanpet]], requested the Contractor who was undertaking repairs works to school building, to construct a small shrine or niche over an existing Ganesha idol in the premises of the Hindu Anglo-Vernacular School and the Ganesha Idol was stowed away in a passage of the school<ref name="report">M.Visvesvaraya and others p. 40</ref> The Director of Public Instructions, who controls schools, inspected and ordered to shift the Ganesha idol into a room until further instructions.<ref>M.Visvesvaraya and others p. 113</ref> The students were fond of Ganesha idol, who is the deity of education and also remover of all obstructions and students demanded restoration of Ganesha idol to its original place. The students of neighbouring schools of the city joined the protest. This act had the support of an editorial in a newspaper ''Veerakesari'' run by Sitarama Sastri, a Hindu leader<ref name="nair">Janaki Nair</ref> and also from other newspapers in general. |
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== Events == |
== Events == |
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Bangalore Disturbances - 1928, also known as Ganapati Galabhe and Hindu-Muslim Gharshane are a series of Hindu-Muslim clashes which took place in the city of Bangalore in June-July 1928 over construction of niche on a Ganesh idol in a school premises.
Causes
In June 1928, the students of of Hindu Anglo-Vernacular School, Sultanpet, requested the Contractor who was undertaking repairs works to school building, to construct a small shrine or niche over an existing Ganesha idol in the premises of the Hindu Anglo-Vernacular School and the Ganesha Idol was stowed away in a passage of the school[1] The Director of Public Instructions, who controls schools, inspected and ordered to shift the Ganesha idol into a room until further instructions.[2] The students were fond of Ganesha idol, who is the deity of education and also remover of all obstructions and students demanded restoration of Ganesha idol to its original place. The students of neighbouring schools of the city joined the protest. This act had the support of an editorial in a newspaper Veerakesari run by Sitarama Sastri, a Hindu leader[3] and also from other newspapers in general.
Events
Indian National Congress leaders Ramlal Tiwari, Jamkandi Bhima Rao and H. V. Subramanyam entered the fray supporting the student's demand of restoring the idol to its original place. On 27 June 1928, rumors were spread that Abbas Khan and the Muslim mobs received the tacit support of Sir Mirza Ismail, the then Diwan of the Mysore kingdom. The idol dispute soon evolved into a general protest by upper-caste Hindus over Muslim dominance in the administration and bureaucracy. They raised the slogan Melaturukkaru, Kelageturukkaru (Muslims above, Muslims below) referring to the monopolization by Muslims of the upper as well as lower levels of the state bureaucracy.[3]
Tiwari, Subrahmanyam and Bhima Rao were arrested on 27 July 1928. A procession of students made their way to Central Jail, Bangalore where the arrested leaders were kept and were lathi-charged by the state police. The Ganapathi idol was restored to its original place on 29th July[4] and worship at the Ganapati shrine was renewed by over 5,000 Hindus prompted Muslims to attack them with shouts of "Deen, Deen". This led to protests from Muslims of the area as they had to walk past the Ganesha shrine and its worshippers on their way to a local mosque for prayers. The protests were led by municipal president and Muslim community leader, Abbas Khan who lived opposite to the school.[5] Muslims fired from a roof of a nearby cycle shop and also reportedly from upstairs of the house of Abbas Khan (totally less than ten rounds) and at least one boy was hit by bullet.[6] 123 Hindus and 11 Muslims were injured before the government brought the situation under control.[7] Only four cases of injuries of civilians were serious of which one was a bullet wound.[8]The instigators were punished and the editor of Veerakesari was severely reprimanded.
Enquiry
The Maharaja of Mysore constituted a committee headed by Sir M.Visvesvaraya to enquire the disturbances and the committe observed that the law and order was completely broken during the disturbances and the government favoured one side in the incident.[9] The members of the committee were Justice D.K.Rama Rao, H.G.Basavappa, Gulam Ahmed Kalami, V.Manickavelu Mudaliyar, B.Nagappa Bar-at-Law, Ralph Nye.[10]. The report of the committe had "qualifying note" by one of the members, Gulam Ahmed Kalami who did not fully agree the findings of the committe.[11]
References
Notes
Citations
- ^ M.Visvesvaraya and others p. 40
- ^ M.Visvesvaraya and others p. 113
- ^ a b Janaki Nair
- ^ M.Visvesvaraya and others p. 43
- ^ M.Visvesvaraya and others p. 9
- ^ M.Visvesvaraya and others p. 45,46
- ^ M.Visvesvaraya and others p.46
- ^ M.Visvesvaraya and others p. 46
- ^ Aji Mehu, Sowmya. "At 99, Nittur still breathes fire and optimism". The Times of India. Retrieved 27 October 2012.
- ^ M.Visvesvaraya and others p.i
- ^ M.Visvesvaraya and others p.92
Bibliography
- Nair, Janaki (2005). The promise of the metropolis: Bangalore's twentieth century. Oxford University Press. pp. 70–73. ISBN 0195667255, ISBN 9780195667257.
- Sir M.Visvesvaraya; et al. (26 January 1929). "Report of the Bangalore Disturbances Enquiry Committee" (PDF). Bangalore: General and Revenue Department, Government of His Highness the Maharaja of Mysore. Retrieved 26 October 2012.
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