Army of the Mughal Empire: Difference between revisions
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Revision as of 09:59, 14 November 2012
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| Mughal Army | |
|---|---|
 Great Mogul And His Court Returning From The Great Mosque At Delhi India — Oil Painting by American Artist Edwin Lord Weeks | |
| Founded | Late 15th Century |
| Disbanded | 1805 |
| Leadership | |
| Commander-in-Chief | Mughal emperor |
The Mughal Army was the army of the Mughal Empire.
Mirza Najaf Khan was commander in chief of the Mughal Army from 1772 till his death in April 1782.
The art of Mughal warfare brought about a complete change in the way wars were fought in the Indian subcontinent.
The troops under the King, both infantry and cavalry may be counted under two heads: one part was always near the kings person and the other was dispersed in the provinces.
Ranks and Organization
1. King
2. Omrahs
Hazari (lord of 1000 horses) Dou Hazari (lord of 2000 horses) Penge Hazari (lord of 5000 horses) Deh Hazari (lord of 10,000 horses) Douazdeh Hazari (lord of 12,000 horses, Aurangzeb’s eldest son held this title)
3. Mansabdars
4. Rouzindars
Omrah
The Mughal army was primarily organized around the king. "Chain of command" seems to be a little known concept. Under the King, there were a number of Omrahs (Nobles). Each Omrah, according to the title they were awarded by the king, was in charge of maintaining a certain number of cavalry. Omrahs were dependent on the king for the upkeep of the army and their pay was in proportion to the number of horses under them.
Two horses were generally allowed to one trooper. The horses bore the markings of the Omrah.
The number of Omars was not fixed. At any given time, there were 25-30 Omrahs at court. There would be more omrahs in the provinces.
Mansabdar
The Mansabdars are horsemen with mansab pay. A mansab pay was not as much as that for a Omrah but still considerable. They were looked on as petty Omrahs. They acknowledge no other chief but the king. Under a Mansabdar there would be two, four or six service horses that would bear the kings markings. Their number was not fixed (under Akbar the number was fixed at 66) but they are more numerous than the Omrahs. They were under the command of the King and accepted only his superiority.
Rouzindar
Rouzindars were cavaliers who were paid on a daily basis. They filled the inferior offices, mainly clerks and under-clerks.
Horsemen
The common horsemen served under the Omrahs. They are of two kinds; the first keep a pair of horses which bear the Omrahs mark on the thigh and the second only keep one horse. The former are more esteemed. There is no information on what was the rank hierarchy among these horsemen. There might have been none.
Artillery men
Most of the artillery men were foreigners – Portuguese, English, Dutch, Germans and French. Many of them were fugitives from Goa and the Dutch and English companies. Foot soldiers
Most of them seem to be musketeers.
Artillery near the king
There were two kinds of artillery, Heavy artillery and artillery of the stirrup.
The Heavy artillery that escorted the king consisted of seventy pieces of cannon, mostly of brass each requiring twenty yoke of oxen to draw them. It also consisted of two to three hundred light camels who carried field piece the size of a double musket attached to the back of the animal.
The artillery of the stirrup consisted of fifty or sixty small brass field-pieces. Each piece was mounted on a handsomely painted carriage containing two ammunition chests, one behind and the other in front. The carriage was drawn by two horses and attended by a third horse as a relay. The light artillery was always meant to be near the kings person.
Head Counts
Army near the King (King's bodyguard)
Cavalry – 35 to 40 thousand
Infantry (musketeers, artillery and attendants) – 15 thousand
Army of the Provinces
Cavalry
Deccan – 20 to 25 thousand
Kabul – 12 to 15 thousand
Kashmir – more than 4 thousand Bengal - ??
Infantry (musketeers, artillery and attendants) - ??
See also
References
Travels in the Mogul Empire, A.D. 1656-1668 (1916)
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