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File:BE license_plate.jpg|Old and new (2010) style [[Vehicle registration plates of Belgium|'''Belgian''' plates]]
File:BE license_plate.jpg|Old and new (2010) style [[Vehicle registration plates of Belgium|'''Belgian''' plates]]
File:License plate Bosnia and Herzegowina 2009.jpg|[[Vehicle registration plates of Bosnia and Herzegovina|Location anonymous licence plate]] in '''Bosnia and Herzegovina'''
File:License plate Bosnia and Herzegowina 2009.jpg|[[Vehicle registration plates of Bosnia and Herzegovina|Location anonymous licence plate]] in '''Bosnia and Herzegovina'''
File:BG_Licence_plate_EU_after_2007_region_Varna.jpg|[[Vehicle registration plates of Bulgaria|Vehicle registration plates of '''Bulgaria''']]
File:Bulgaria-automobile-license-plate for eu.png|[[Vehicle registration plates of Bulgaria|Vehicle registration plates of '''Bulgaria''']]
File:SI-399-BF.jpg|[[Vehicle registration plates of Croatia|Registration plate from '''Croatia''']] with region code, numbers and letter in [[alphabet]]
File:SI-399-BF.jpg|[[Vehicle registration plates of Croatia|Registration plate from '''Croatia''']] with region code, numbers and letter in [[alphabet]]
File:KQL-343.jpg|[[Vehicle registration plates of Cyprus|Vehicle reistration plate of '''Cyprus''']]
File:KQL-343.jpg|[[Vehicle registration plates of Cyprus|Vehicle reistration plate of '''Cyprus''']]

Revision as of 00:44, 17 November 2012

This article is about registration plates of Europe. For registration plates of members of the European Union, which share a common format, see Vehicle registration plates of the European Union.

A European vehicle registration plate is a vehicle registration plate, a metal or plastic plate or plates attached to a motor vehicle or trailer for official identification purposes. The registration identifier is a numeric or alphanumeric code that uniquely identifies the vehicle within the issuing authority's database. In the European Union most countries have adopted a common format for number plates, which are issued by member states.

The common EU format was introduced by Council Regulation (EC) No 2411/98 of 3 November 1998[1] and entered into force on 11 November 1998. It was based on a model registration plate which several member states had introduced: Germany (1994)[2], Ireland (1991)[3] and Portugal (1992)[citation needed].

The EU format is optional in Cyprus,[4] Denmark, Finland, Sweden and United Kingdom.

  • EU format plates are either white or yellow in colour, on a plate wider than it is tall. Yellow registration plates are used both front and rear in Luxembourg and the Netherlands. In Cyprus, Gibraltar and the United Kingdom yellow plates are used at the rear and white at the front. Norway and the UK use flat plastic plates (embossed metal plates are an option in the UK), as opposed to metal plates in most other European countries. A mixture of plastic or metal plates is permitted in France and Ireland. Denmark uses yellow plates for vehicles registered as commercial vehicles and in Greece, Lithuania and Sweden yellow plates are used for taxi vehicles. Belgium uses red characters and is the only country not to use the standard black-on-white or black-on-yellow combination; with the introduction of European-style plates in November 2010, a slightly darker shade of red was chosen (RAL 3003) to improve legibility. In Norway, cars with front seats only (used for cargo) have green plates with black characters. Danish plates have a small holographic strip to the right of the blue EU strip.
  • The common design consists of a blue strip on the left side of the plate. This blue strip has the European flag symbol (twelve yellow stars), along with the country code of the member state in which the vehicle is registered.

Vehicles without the EU strip (and associated country code) are obliged to display oval nationality stickers at the rear when driving in other countries, but this law has not always been rigorously enforced.

Common letter and digit systems between countries

Several countries have made efforts to avoid duplicating registration numbers used by other countries. Nevertheless this is not completely successful and there are occasional difficulties for example in connection with parking fines and automatic speed cameras.

  • Belgium (until 2010), Estonia, Finland, Hungary, Lithuania, Malta and Sweden each use combinations of three letters and three digits.
  • Greece uses a combination of three letters (which are the intersection of Latin and Greek alphabet, i.e. A, B, E, Z, H, I, K, M, N, O, P, T, Y, X in Greek alphabetic order) and four numbers, in the form of AAA-0000, while Spain uses a four number-three letter combination, in the form of 0000 BBB (vowels and some maybe confusing consonants, like Ñ and Q, are not used)
  • Denmark and Norway use two letters and five digits. The plates look very similar, but Denmark has a red border around the plate. Use of the country code on the plate may mitigate this problem (Norway began using the system on 1 November 2006). Denmark has begun running out of combinations in this style and has now introduced combinations previously reserved for Faroe Islands for EU style number plates (which will use different letters than non-EU style plates).
  • The Netherlands and Portugal both use three groups of two characters (letters or numbers) in several sequences: AB-12-CD, 12-34-AB, 12-AB-34, AB-12-CD, etc. However, Portuguese plates have a white background, while those of Netherlands (after 1978-01-01) have a yellow one, though both countries also use white letters on blue plates for classic cars. Furthermore, newer plates on Dutch vehicles only contain consonants, to avoid coincidental abbreviations or words. Also some sensitive letter combinations, such as SS or SD, are not used. The combination 'AA' is reserved for cars of the royal family. Dutch company registered bus, truck and/or minivan plates always start with a B or a V. Dutch taxis use blue registration plates. The number of new combinations ran out in 2008. By now, new registered cars in the Netherlands use the following format of two digits-three letters-one digit (12-ABC-3).
  • Belgium used the sequence ABC-123 between 1973 and 2008. When these combinations ran out in 2008, the inverse sequence 123-ABC was adopted, with the first plate in the new series issued on June 25, 2008. With the introduction of the European format on November 15, 2010, a seven-character combination 1-ABC-234 is used and the previous 123-ABC was discontinued. However, the six-character plates will remain valid and no date is set for their expiration yet. Since Belgian plates are linked to an owner rather than to a vehicle, these older plates are likely to remain in use for a considerable time. As a way to phase out the six-character plates, future vehicle subscriptions will only be possible on the seven-character plates.
  • Luxembourg plates use two letters and four digits AB 1234. Older series with only three digits (AB 123) or all-numeric plates with up to five digits are no longer issued but are still in use.
  • Current registrations allocated in Romania and the United Kingdom (where the registration contains two digits) are both of the form AB12 CDE). The Romanian rear plates are white whereas UK ones are yellow. There is also a difference in the spacing and the font.
  • Turkey currently not a member of the EU, however uses the blue European strip on the left of the plate as a member of European Customs Union (only member of the union without EU membership), with the country code (TR), but without the 12-EU stars sign. License plates consist of letters and digits in combinations of 99 AB 999, 99 A 9999, 99 ABC 99, 99 AB 9999 or 99 A 99999 where the first two digits show which province the vehicle is registered from. First two digits numbers go from 01 to 81 (as there are 81 provinces in Turkey) and each one is assigned to a province with alphabetical order e.g. 01 is the code of the province Adana or 34 is the code of the province Istanbul. All 81 provinces uses "01 AB 123" style plates initially until all combinations ran out, then the province starts to use 01 A 1234 then 01 ABC 12 etc. As a result, three largest provinces i.e. Istanbul, Ankara and Izmir are currently issuing 99 AB 9999 style plates since they used all combinations of previous series but the province Sivas for example, still issues 99 AB 999 plates as having a modest population and number of vehicles. 99 A 99999 series are not regular since they are only used in provinces where commercial vehicles are abundant e.g. Bursa to distinguish these vehicles there from passenger cars. Letters "I" and "O" are only used in the middle 01 ABC 12 series e.g. 34 YOC 34 or 06 TIL 56 to avoid confusion with numerals "1" and "0" respectively. Also some letters combinations like "PKK" are not issued due to their referring to political organizations or words likely to cause offence.
  • Montenegro and Serbia, currently not members of the EU, used the following system until 2007: MM 12-34, MM 123-45 or MM 123-456 (MM being two letter abbreviation of municipality), and having state flag (of former Yugoslavia, later Serbia and Montenegro) between municipality and numbers. Montenegro left that system in 2007, and introduced new format: MM AB 123, with Montenegrin coat of arms in circular shape between municipality and letter sequence. Blue strip with MNE country code is placed in the left side, with vacant place for EU stars, in case of joining the Union. Serbia also uses new system with blue strip country code SRB: MM 123-AB and MM 1234-AB, with Serbian coat of arms between municipality and number sequence. The following system is used for taxi vehicles: BG 123 TX or BG 1234 TX, where a TX combination is reserved for this purpose only.

Differing numbering systems

Individual European countries use differing numbering schemes and text fonts:

  • Most countries, including Austria, Bulgaria, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Macedonia, Montenegro, Norway, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, and Slovenia (formerly also Italy—until October 1993—, Lithuania and Spain—until 2000—, and Albania—until 2011—), have systems in which there is a direct link between a letter or letters appearing on the plate and the town or district where the plate was issued (e.g. "B" and "M" in Germany for Berlin and Munich, "TN" and "ZV" in Slovakia for Trenčín and Zvolen, "BG" and "KG" in Serbia for Belgrade and Kragujevac and "AX" and "KY" in Greece for Achaia and Corfu). Some countries, including Austria, Germany, Slovenia, and Switzerland even include a regional or municipal coat of arms on the plate.
  • France (until 2009), Turkey and Russia use a system with an indirect number relation to the car's place of registration.
  • The UK uses a system based on the region where the car was first registered and the date of registration.
  • Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Denmark, Iceland, Finland, Hungary, Latvia, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Portugal and Sweden use plates that do not denote location. Since 2000 Spain no longer uses province codes on plates but codes like 'B' for Barcelona or 'M' for Madrid can still be seen, for cars registered before that date.
  • Italy, since 1999, has added a blue strip on either side. On the right one are the two digits of the year when the plate was issued (e.g. "99", "05", "08") and below that there may be an optional two-letter code for the province, such as "MO" for the Province of Modena. Albania and France have adopted similar formats.

See also

Wikimedia Commons has media related to License plates of Europe.

References

  1. ^ http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:31998R2411:EN:NOT
  2. ^ http://www.worldlicenseplates.com/world/EU_D6XX.html
  3. ^ http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/ZZSI287Y1990.html
  4. ^ http://www.licenseplatemania.com/landenframes/cyprus_fr.htm
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