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Bad World Tour
World tour by Michael Jackson
File:Bad World Tour 1988.jpg
1988 tour logo
Associated albumBad
Start dateSeptember 12, 1987
End dateJanuary 27, 1989
Legs2
No. of shows54 in North America
41 in Europe
23 in Asia
5 in Australia
123 played
Michael Jackson concert chronology

Bad World Tour was the debut concert tour by American recording artist Michael Jackson, launched in support of his seventh studio album of the same name (1987). Sponsored by Pepsi and spanning 16 months, the tour included 123 concerts to 4.4 million fans across 15 countries. The tour grossed $125 million ($247 million in 2012 currency), adding four new entries in the Guinness World Records for the largest grossing tour in history, the tour with the largest attended audience, the most successful concert series and the most sold out shows at Wembley Stadium.[1] [2] In April 1989, the tour was nominated for "Tour of the Year 1988" at the inaugural International Rock Awards. A live album and DVD of the July 16, 1988 concert in London was released along with the special edition reissue of the Bad album titled Bad 25 on September 18, 2012, as well as a stand-alone DVD.[3]

Background

First leg (1987)

On June 29, 1987, Jackson's manager Frank DiLeo announced the singer's plan to embark on his first solo world concert tour.[4] Sponsored by Pepsi,[5] the tour began in Japan, marking Jackson's first performances in the country since 1973 as part of The Jackson 5.[6] The first nine scheduled concerts that began on September 12 sold out within hours, and five more were added due to high demand.[7] Over 600 journalists, cameramen and fans waited for Jackson's arrival to the country at Tokyo's Narita International Airport.[8] His pet chimpanzee Bubbles, who took a separate flight, was greeted by more than 300 people.[8] A chartered jumbo jet was used to carry 22 truckloads of equipment, along with Jackson's entourage of 132 for the tour.[9] The stage set used 700 lights, 100 speakers, 40 lasers, three mirrors and two 24-by-18 foot screens. Performers wore 70 costumes, four of which were attached with fiber optic lights.[10]

While in Tokyo, Australian pop music critic Molly Meldrum conducted an exclusive interview Jackson and DiLeo that was featured on 60 Minutes in the United States.[8] On September 18, Jackson was handed the Key to the City by Yasushi Oshima, the mayor of Osaka. He was accompanied by Bubbles, who was the first animal allowed inside the city's town hall. Jackson dedicated his Japanese concerts to Yoshioka Hagiwara, a five-year-old boy who was kidnapped and murdered, and gave £12,000 to the parents of Hagiwara.[11] Attendance figures for the first 14 dates in Japan totalled a record-breaking 450,000.[7] Crowds of 200,000 were what past performers could manage to draw for a single tour.[12] Nippon Television was a co-sponsor with Pepsi for the Japanese dates.[7]

In October 1987, scheduled shows in Perth and Adelaide in Australia were cancelled. A New Zealand leg was also scrapped. Kevin Jacobson, the tour's promoter, put it down to financial reasons with the original schedule having to cost $8 million to stage.[13] Jackson performed five concerts in Melbourne, Sydney and Brisbane in Australia in November. While off stage, he spent time visiting sick children at their homes in the Sydney suburbs.[8]

Second leg (1988–1989)

Jackson performing in Vienna, Austria on June 2, 1988.

Rehearsals for the tour's second leg took place at the Pensacola Civic Center in Pensacola, Florida from January 22 to February 18, 1988.[14] On the last day of preparation, Jackson allowed 420 school pupils to watch him rehearse after the children made him a rap music video in his honour.[15] The first performances were to begin in Atlanta, Georgia, yet Pepsi officials objected as the city was home to rival drinks company Coca-Cola.[16] For both Atlanta shows, Jackson gave 100 tickets to the Children's Wish Foundation for terminally ill children.[17] The first of three concerts at Madison Square Garden in New York City in March served as a benefit to raise $500,000 to the United Negro College Fund.[18] Jackson presented a check of $600,000 to the fund.[19]

Jackson began his European tour in Rome at the Flaminio Stadium on May 23, 1988. Police and security guards rescued hundreds of fans from being crushed in the crowd of 30,000.[20] Police reported 130 women fainted at the concert in Vienna on June 2.[21] A scheduled performance in Lyon was cancelled after 16,000 of a planned 30,000 tickets were sold.[22] On June 17, Jackson travelled to the town of Vevey to meet Oona O'Neill, the widow of comic actor Charlie Chaplin. "I have fulfilled by biggest childhood dream", said Jackson after the visit.[23] The most successful of the European dates were those in London at Wembley Stadium. Ticket demand for the five July dates exceeded 1.5 million, enough to fill the 72,000 capacity venue 20 times.[24] Jackson performed seven sold out shows, beating the previous record held by Madonna, Bruce Springsteen and Genesis. More shows could have been added, but the venue had reached its quota for live performances.[24] The third concert on July 16 was attended by Diana, Princess of Wales and Prince Charles.[25] On September 8, Jackson was entered into the Guinness World Records, the first of three times from the tour alone. The Wembley shows were attended by a record 504,000 people. Management also presented him with a special award.[26] On July 30, NBC aired Michael Jackson Around the World, a 90-minute special documenting the singer on tour.[27] On August 29, after a birthday performance in Leeds, Jackson donated $130,000 to Give For Life.[26] The final European show was held in Liverpool on September 11, staged at Aintree Racecourse. 1,550 fans were reported injured among the crowd of 125,000.[26][28]

In September 1988, Jackson toured the United States for the second time. On October 23, he donated $125,000, the net proceeds to first show in Detroit, to the city's Motown Museum.[29] Three concerts in Tacoma, Washington were cancelled after Jackson came down with the flu.[30] The tour was planned to end in Tokyo, but Jackson suffered from swollen vocal cords after the first of six concerts in Los Angeles in November. The remaining five were rescheduled for January 1989. During the December 11 show in Tokyo, nine-year old Ayana Takada was selected to receive a certificate by Jackson to commemorate the four millionth person to attend the tour.[31]

Five performances in Los Angeles were held to conclude the tour on January 27, 1989. In 16 months, Jackson performed 123 concerts in 15 countries to an audience of 4.4 million for a total gross of $125 million.[2][32] The American tour alone grossed a total of $20.3 million, the sixth largest of the year.[2] Guinness World Records recognized the tour as the largest grossing in history and the tour to play to the most people ever.[2] In April 1989, the tour was nominated for "Tour of the Year 1988" at the inaugural International Rock Awards. It lost to Amnesty International.[33]

Opening Act

Set list

First leg (1987)[36]
  1. "Wanna Be Startin' Somethin'"
  2. "Things I Do for You"
  3. "Off the Wall"
  4. "Human Nature"
  5. "Heartbreak Hotel (a.k.a. This Place Hotel)
  6. "She's Out of My Life"
  7. The Jackson 5 Medley
  8. "Rock with You"
  9. "Lovely One"
  10. "Bad Groove" Interlude
  11. "Workin' Day and Night"
  12. "Beat It"
  13. "Billie Jean"
  14. "Shake Your Body (Down to the Ground)" featuring snippet of "Don't Stop 'til You Get Enough"
  15. "Thriller"
  16. "I Just Can't Stop Loving You" duet with Sheryl Crow
  17. "Bad"
30th Grammy Awards show[37]
  1. "The Way You Make Me Feel"
  2. "Man in the Mirror"
Second leg (1988–1989)[36]
  1. "Wanna Be Startin' Somethin'"
  2. "Heartbreak Hotel (a.k.a. This Place Hotel)
  3. "Another Part of Me"
  4. "I Just Can't Stop Loving You" duet with Sheryl Crow
  5. "She's Out of My Life"
  6. The Jackson 5 Medley
  7. "Rock with You"
  8. "Human Nature"
  9. "Smooth Criminal"
  10. "Dirty Diana"
  11. "Thriller"
  12. "Bad Groove" Interlude
  13. "Workin' Day and Night"
  14. "Beat It"
  15. "Billie Jean"
  16. "Bad"
  17. "The Way You Make Me Feel"
  18. "Man in the Mirror"
Note
  • Stevie Wonder made a surprise appearance at the November 28, 1987 Brisbane concert during the song "Bad".[38]
  • The "Bad Groove" interlude involved the band playing an extended instrumental of "It's Gonna Be a Beautiful Night" by Prince from his 1987 album Sign o' the Times. The second leg piece grew longer and an instrumental of "Don't Stop 'til You Get Enough" from Jackson's 1979 album Off the Wall was added. The band members also perform their own solo with keyboards first, followed by bass guitar then drums. During the second leg spots in the interlude session varied, such as the additional solo from guitarist Jon Clark.
  • In a few concerts of the second leg, there sometimes, but rarely, were a few order switches of songs. Mostly two or more of the first ~9 songs had switched order, such as "Human Nature" following "Another Part of Me".
  • For his March 1988 performances at Madison Square Garden in New York, Steve Stevens (Guitar - Billy Idol) performed on "Dirty Diana", as he had on the recording.
  • Princess Diana and Prince Charles attended the July 16 show at Wembley Stadium. "Dirty Diana" was meant to be taken out of the setlist because Jackson thought that it would offend her Royal Highness, but when Princess Diana stated backstage that "Dirty Diana" was her favourite song of Jackson's, he re-added it to the set list.
  • During the tour, Jackson performed "I Just Can't Stop Loving You" live on stage with background vocalist Sheryl Crow.
  • "The Way You Make Me Feel" was taken out of the setlist on selected dates due to a late timing of the shows or other unknown reasons. When this occurred, "Man In The Mirror" was performed in the black "Bad" jacket. Dates the song was skipped include the July 16th, 1988 Wembley show (late timing) and the March 5th, 1988 New York show (Tatiana, the girl of "The Way You Make Me Feel" had been fired the previous night for kissing Michael on stage and there was no replacement for her yet. Sheryl Crow would later become the "The Way You Make Me Feel" girl.)
  • At every tour stop, during "She's Out Of My Life", one girl was randomly picked out of the crowd (mostly front row seats) and was allowed to dance with Jackson on stage.
  • During the last concert dates in Los Angeles, Michael sometimes used a white shirt for "The Way You Make Me Feel" and "Man In The Mirror".

Tour dates

Date City Country Venue
Asia[39]
September 12, 1987 Tokyo Japan Korakuen Stadium
September 13, 1987
September 14, 1987
September 19, 1987 Nishinomiya Hankyu Nishinomiya Stadium
September 20, 1987
September 21, 1987
September 25, 1987 Yokohama Yokohama Stadium
September 26, 1987
September 27, 1987
October 3, 1987
October 4, 1987
October 10, 1987 Osaka Osaka Stadium
October 11, 1987
October 12, 1987
Australia
November 3, 1987[A] Perth Australia W.A.C.A. Oval
November 8, 1987[B] Adelaide Thebarton Oval
November 13, 1987[40] Melbourne Olympic Park Stadium
November 20, 1987[41] Sydney Parramatta Stadium
November 21, 1987
November 27, 1987[42][43] Brisbane Brisbane Entertainment Centre
November 28, 1987[44]
December 2, 1987[C] Wellington New Zealand Athletic Park
December 6, 1987[D] Auckland Mt Smart Stadium
Full dress rehearsal concert
February 18, 1988[45] Pensacola United States Pensacola Civic Center
North America opening dates
February 23, 1988 Kansas City United States Kemper Arena
February 24, 1988
30th Grammy Awards show[46]
March 2, 1988 New York City United States Radio City Music Hall
North America
March 3, 1988[47] New York City United States Madison Square Garden
March 5, 1988[48][49]
March 6, 1988
March 12, 1988[E] St. Louis St. Louis Arena
March 13, 1988
March 18, 1988 Indianapolis Market Square Arena
March 19, 1988
March 20, 1988 Louisville Freedom Hall
March 24, 1988 Denver McNichols Sports Arena
March 25, 1988
March 26, 1988[50][51]
March 30, 1988 Hartford Hartford Civic Arena
March 31, 1988
April 1, 1988
April 8, 1988 Houston The Summit
April 9, 1988
April 10, 1988
April 13, 1988 Atlanta Omni Coliseum
April 14, 1988
April 15, 1988
April 19, 1988 Rosemont Rosemont Horizon
April 20, 1988
April 21, 1988
April 25, 1988 Dallas Reunion Arena
April 26, 1988
April 27, 1988
May 4, 1988 Minneapolis Met Center
May 5, 1988
May 6, 1988
Europe
May 23, 1988 Rome Italy Stadio Flaminio
May 24, 1988
May 29, 1988 Turin Stadio Olimpico di Torino
June 2, 1988 Vienna Austria Praterstadion
June 5, 1988 Rotterdam Netherlands Feijenoord Stadium
June 6, 1988
June 7, 1988
June 11, 1988 Gothenburg Sweden Eriksberg Docks Grounds
June 12, 1988
June 16, 1988 Basel Switzerland St. Jakob Stadium
June 19, 1988 West Berlin West Germany Reichstag Grounds
June 23, 1988[F] Lyon France Stade de Gerland
June 27, 1988 Paris Parc des Princes Stadium
June 28, 1988
July 1, 1988 Hamburg West Germany Volksparkstadion
July 3, 1988 Cologne Müngersdorfer Stadium
July 8, 1988 Munich Olympic Stadium
July 10, 1988 Hockenheim Hockenheimring
July 14, 1988 London United Kingdom Wembley Stadium
July 15, 1988
July 16, 1988
July 22, 1988
July 23, 1988
July 26, 1988 Cardiff Cardiff Arms Park
July 30, 1988 Cork Ireland Páirc Uí Chaoimh
July 31, 1988
August 5, 1988 Marbella Spain Estadio Municipal de Marbella
August 7, 1988 Madrid Estadio Vicente Calderón
August 9, 1988 Barcelona Camp Nou
August 12, 1988 Montpellier France Stade Richter
August 14, 1988 Nice Stade Charles-Ehrmann
August 19, 1988 Lausanne Switzerland Stade Olympique de la Pontaise
August 21, 1988 Würzburg West Germany Talavera Wiesen Grounds
August 23, 1988 Werchter Belgium Werchter Festival Ground
August 26, 1988 London United Kingdom Wembley Stadium
August 27, 1988
August 29, 1988 Leeds Roundhay Park
September 2, 1988 Hanover West Germany Niedersachsenstadion
September 4, 1988 Gelsenkirchen Parkstadion
September 6, 1988 Linz Austria Linzer Stadium
September 10, 1988 Milton Keynes United Kingdom The National Bowl
September 11, 1988 Liverpool Aintree Racecourse
North America
September 26, 1988 Pittsburgh United States Pittsburgh Civic Arena
September 27, 1988
September 28, 1988
October 3, 1988 East Rutherford Meadowlands Arena
October 4, 1988
October 5, 1988
October 10, 1988 Richfield Coliseum at Richfield
October 11, 1988
October 13, 1988 Landover Capital Centre
October 17, 1988
October 18, 1988
October 19, 1988
October 24, 1988 Auburn Hills The Palace of Auburn Hills
October 25, 1988
October 26, 1988
October 31, 1988[G] Tacoma Tacoma Dome
November 1, 1988[H]
November 2, 1988[I]
November 7, 1988 Irvine Irvine Meadows Amphitheater
November 8, 1988
November 9, 1988
November 13, 1988 Los Angeles Los Angeles Memorial Sports Arena
Asia
December 9, 1988 Tokyo Japan Tokyo Dome
December 10, 1988
December 11, 1988
December 17, 1988
December 18, 1988
December 19, 1988
December 24, 1988
December 25, 1988
December 26, 1988
North America
January 16, 1989 Los Angeles United States Los Angeles Memorial Sports Arena
January 17, 1989
January 18, 1989
January 26, 1989
January 27, 1989

Planned concerts, cancellations and postponements

The cancellations and postponements were mostly caused by serious health reasons. According to the sources, the planned, cancelled and postponed concerts were as follows:

  • A 11/03/87: Perth, Australia, W.A.C.A. Oval; (This concert was discontinued 28 October 1987, because the Cricket Association refused permission for chairs to be placed on the playing fields.)[52][53][54]
  • B 11/08/87: Adelaide, Australia, Thebarton Oval; (This concert was discontinued 28 October 1987, because the Cricket Association refused permission for chairs to be placed on the playing fields.)[55][56][57]
  • C 12/02/87: Wellington, New Zealand, Athletic Park; (This concert was discontinued 29 October 1987, because the Cricket Association refused permission for chairs to be placed on the playing fields.) [58][59][60]
  • D 12/06/87: Auckland, New Zealand, Mt Smart Stadium (This concert was discontinued 29 October 1987, because the Cricket Association refused permission for chairs to be placed on the playing fields.)[61][62][63]
  • E 03/12/88: St. Louis, United States, St. Louis Arena; CANCELLED (Due to health problems.) Rescheduled to March 14, 1988 CANCELLED (Due to Laryngitis.)[64][65][66]
  • F 06/23/88: Lyon, France, Stade de Gerland; CANCELLED[67][68]
  • G 10/31/88: Tacoma, Washington, Tacoma Dome; CANCELLED (Although this concert was sold out, it was never rescheduled.)[69][70]
  • H 11/01/88: Tacoma, United States, Tacoma Dome; CANCELLED (Although this concert was sold out, it was never rescheduled.)[71][72]
  • I 11/02/88: Tacoma, United States, Tacoma Dome; CANCELLED (Although this concert was sold out, it was never rescheduled.)[73][74]
  • 11/14/88: Los Angeles, United States, Los Angeles Memorial Sports Arena; CANCELLED Rescheduled to January 16, 1989[75]
  • 11/15/88: Los Angeles, United States, Los Angeles Memorial Sports Arena; CANCELLED Rescheduled to January 17, 1989[76]
  • 11/20/88: Los Angeles, United States, Los Angeles Memorial Sports Arena; CANCELLED Rescheduled to January 18, 1989[77]
  • 11/21/88: Los Angeles, United States, Los Angeles Memorial Sports Arena; CANCELLED Rescheduled to January 26, 1989[78]
  • 11/22/88: Los Angeles, United States, Los Angeles Memorial Sports Arena; CANCELLED Rescheduled to January 27, 1989[79]
  • There were some initial plans to take the tour to Cincinnati, OH; Birmingham, AL; Chapel Hill, NC; Mannheim, Germany; Darmstadt, Germany.[80][81] These plans were later suspended.

Broadcasts & Recordings

Main article: Michael Jackson: Live at Wembley July 16, 1988

There have been several professionally filmed concerts bootlegs of shows filmed in Yokohama, Tokyo, Osaka and the first half of a Brisbane show. The Yokohama concert, performed on September 26, was considered to be the best quality and most complete, but before 2012, no full concert from the second leg had been released in full (with the exception of audience-filmed video). Collectors have shared 30 minutes of a December 1988 Tokyo show, and 15 minutes of the March 23, 1988 Rome show. However, a watermark in the center of the image covers a lot of video, making it hardly "watchable" and only enjoyable for collectors. In August 2005, fans created an online petition to support an official release of a Bad tour concert in 1988, with heavy interest in the release of a London concert at Wembley Stadium. Although footage of concerts at Wembley among other European locations were prominently featured in promos and music videos such as Another Part of Me, and the Brace Yourself intro in Jackson's dangerous tour, the entire concert had never been released. Although the target was 10,000 signatures, the petition continues to grow even to this day, with a total of more than 20,000. Jackson himself stated he never wanted the concerts released in full, preferring fans to see him live.

After rumors speculating the release of a concert in 2012 to mark the 25 year anniversary of the Bad album, Sony released a Bad concert from Wembley Stadium, London, which was filmed on July 16th, 1988 and was reportedly sourced from Jackson's personal VHS copy. The DVD has been faced with some criticism over poor video quality as the estate reported it was unable to find the original high quality Umatic copy of the show.

Personnel

References

  1. ^ http://www.amazon.co.uk/Michael-Jackson-Live-Wembley-July/dp/B0084I9QIW/ref=pd_sim_m_h__1
  2. ^ a b c d Campbell 1993, p. 236.
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  4. ^ "Jackson sets solo world tour". The Miami News. June 30, 1987. Retrieved October 1, 2010.
  5. ^ Campbell 1993, p. 186.
  6. ^ "Michael Jackson's new tour to start in Japan". Manila Standard. July 2, 1987. Retrieved September 29, 2010.
  7. ^ a b c Campbell 1993, p. 208.
  8. ^ a b c d Bad Tour Programme (1988), Far East Report Cite error: The named reference "tourbook" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
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  11. ^ "TheMichaelJacksonArchives – Bad Japan Tour 1987". Unknown publisher, editor and date.
  12. ^ "Jackson to Make First Solo U.S. Tour". Richard Harrington. The Washington Post. January 12, 1988.
  13. ^ "Bad tour news". The Age. October 30, 1987. Retrieved September 29, 2010.
  14. ^ Snider, Eric (January 15, 1988). "'Bad' tour: Pensacola is southern limit". St. Petersburg Times. Retrieved December 11, 2009.
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  16. ^ Campbell 1993, p. 212.
  17. ^ Campbell 1993, p. 213.
  18. ^ Decurtis, Anthony (February 10, 1988). "Michael Jackson plans U.S., European tours". Anchorage Daily News. Retrieved September 30, 2010.
  19. ^ Campbell 1993, p. 189.
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  68. ^ http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=DM&p_theme=dm&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0ED3CFFAAA4614EB&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM
  69. ^ http://books.google.ee/books?id=BVC9zltjf-EC&printsec=frontcover&dq=lisa+d+campbell&source=bl&ots=moJA6IOiNq&sig=KWUgQcd5gGzfV1TkIiGaunvEiic&hl=en&sa=X&ei=fBcdUP3nDsf4sgbAlYCQBA&redir_esc=y#v=snippet&q=tacoma%2C%20washington%20were%20cancelled&f=false
  70. ^ http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=BZQrAAAAIBAJ&sjid=rdAFAAAAIBAJ&pg=5928,3988301&dq=michael+jackson+tacoma&hl=en
  71. ^ http://books.google.ee/books?id=BVC9zltjf-EC&printsec=frontcover&dq=lisa+d+campbell&source=bl&ots=moJA6IOiNq&sig=KWUgQcd5gGzfV1TkIiGaunvEiic&hl=en&sa=X&ei=fBcdUP3nDsf4sgbAlYCQBA&redir_esc=y#v=snippet&q=tacoma%2C%20washington%20were%20cancelled&f=false
  72. ^ http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=__JVAAAAIBAJ&sjid=luEDAAAAIBAJ&pg=6687,7977094&dq=michael+jackson+tacoma&hl=en
  73. ^ http://books.google.ee/books?id=BVC9zltjf-EC&printsec=frontcover&dq=lisa+d+campbell&source=bl&ots=moJA6IOiNq&sig=KWUgQcd5gGzfV1TkIiGaunvEiic&hl=en&sa=X&ei=fBcdUP3nDsf4sgbAlYCQBA&redir_esc=y#v=snippet&q=tacoma%2C%20washington%20were%20cancelled&f=false
  74. ^ http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=lJxdAAAAIBAJ&sjid=01wNAAAAIBAJ&pg=2276,7081142&dq=michael+jackson+tacoma&hl=en
  75. ^ http://books.google.ee/books?id=BVC9zltjf-EC&printsec=frontcover&dq=lisa+d+campbell&source=bl&ots=moJA6IOiNq&sig=KWUgQcd5gGzfV1TkIiGaunvEiic&hl=en&sa=X&ei=fBcdUP3nDsf4sgbAlYCQBA&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=scheduled%20for%20los%20angeles&f=false
  76. ^ http://books.google.ee/books?id=BVC9zltjf-EC&printsec=frontcover&dq=lisa+d+campbell&source=bl&ots=moJA6IOiNq&sig=KWUgQcd5gGzfV1TkIiGaunvEiic&hl=en&sa=X&ei=fBcdUP3nDsf4sgbAlYCQBA&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=scheduled%20for%20los%20angeles&f=false
  77. ^ http://books.google.ee/books?id=BVC9zltjf-EC&printsec=frontcover&dq=lisa+d+campbell&source=bl&ots=moJA6IOiNq&sig=KWUgQcd5gGzfV1TkIiGaunvEiic&hl=en&sa=X&ei=fBcdUP3nDsf4sgbAlYCQBA&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=scheduled%20for%20los%20angeles&f=false
  78. ^ http://books.google.ee/books?id=BVC9zltjf-EC&printsec=frontcover&dq=lisa+d+campbell&source=bl&ots=moJA6IOiNq&sig=KWUgQcd5gGzfV1TkIiGaunvEiic&hl=en&sa=X&ei=fBcdUP3nDsf4sgbAlYCQBA&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=scheduled%20for%20los%20angeles&f=false
  79. ^ http://books.google.ee/books?id=BVC9zltjf-EC&printsec=frontcover&dq=lisa+d+campbell&source=bl&ots=moJA6IOiNq&sig=KWUgQcd5gGzfV1TkIiGaunvEiic&hl=en&sa=X&ei=fBcdUP3nDsf4sgbAlYCQBA&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=scheduled%20for%20los%20angeles&f=false
  80. ^ http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=u89GAAAAIBAJ&sjid=wHsMAAAAIBAJ&pg=4258%2C1700244
  81. ^ http://i74.photobucket.com/albums/i258/waldo109/badtee.jpg

Sources

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