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'''Seyyed Ahmad Musavi Hindi''' (تیئنیید احمد مسوی ہندی; died 1869) was a [[Twelver]] [[Shia Islam|Shia]] [[Muslim]] scholar. He was the paternal grandfather of the [[Supreme leader]] of the [[Iranian Revolution]], [[Ruhollah Khomeini]]. |
'''Seyyed Ahmad Musavi Hindi''' (تیئنیید احمد مسوی ہندی; died 1869) was a [[Twelver]] [[Shia Islam|Shia]] [[Muslim]] scholar. He was the paternal grandfather of the [[Supreme leader]] of the [[Iranian Revolution]], [[Ruhollah Khomeini]]. |
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==In India== |
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In the early 18th century his family had migrated from their original home in [[Nishapur]] in [[Iran]] to the [[Awadh|Kingdom of Oudh]] of [[India]] in northern [[India]] whose [[Nawab of Awadh|rulers]] were [[Twelver]] [[Shia Islam|Shia]] [[Muslim|Muslims]] of [[Persian people|Persian]] origin.<ref>[http://books.google.nl/books?id=ntarP5hrza0C&pg=PA8&dq=awadh+persian&hl=nl#v=onepage&q=awadh%20persian&f=false Sacred space and holy war: the politics, culture and history of Shi'ite Islam] By Juan Ricardo Cole</ref><ref>[http://books.google.nl/books?id=7BaVwfpWZgUC&pg=RA2-PA17&dq=awadh+origin&hl=nl#v=onepage&q=awadh%20origin&f=false Art and culture: endeavours in interpretation] By Ahsan Jan Qaisar,Som Prakash Verma,Mohammad Habib</ref> they settled in the town of [[Kintoor]], [[Barabanki district|Barabanki]].<ref name="Iranian">[http://www.iranian.com/Books/1999/June/Khomeini/index.html From Khomein, ''A biography of the Ayatollah''], June 14, 1999, The Iranian</ref><ref name="Moin1999">[http://books.google.com/books?id=B-ihPNR4iaoC&pg=PA2&lpg=PA2&dq=Seyyed+Ahmad+Musavi+Hindi&source=bl&ots=gA204zovZh&sig=U-hfoPBFyUW2eRJTMfTjSH7FsC8&hl=en&ei=w9Q6TKikEYP6lwfw79XVBw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CBYQ6AEwAzgK#v=onepage&q=Seyyed%20Ahmad%20Musavi%20Hindi&f=false Khomeini: life of the Ayatollah, Volume 1999] By Baqer Moin</ref><ref name="Hamid">Ruhollah Khomeini's brief biography by Hamid Algar</ref> |
In the early 18th century his family had migrated from their original home in [[Nishapur]] in [[Iran]] to the [[Awadh|Kingdom of Oudh]] of [[India]] in northern [[India]] whose [[Nawab of Awadh|rulers]] were [[Twelver]] [[Shia Islam|Shia]] [[Muslim|Muslims]] of [[Persian people|Persian]] origin.<ref>[http://books.google.nl/books?id=ntarP5hrza0C&pg=PA8&dq=awadh+persian&hl=nl#v=onepage&q=awadh%20persian&f=false Sacred space and holy war: the politics, culture and history of Shi'ite Islam] By Juan Ricardo Cole</ref><ref>[http://books.google.nl/books?id=7BaVwfpWZgUC&pg=RA2-PA17&dq=awadh+origin&hl=nl#v=onepage&q=awadh%20origin&f=false Art and culture: endeavours in interpretation] By Ahsan Jan Qaisar,Som Prakash Verma,Mohammad Habib</ref> they settled in the town of [[Kintoor]], [[Barabanki district|Barabanki]].<ref name="Iranian">[http://www.iranian.com/Books/1999/June/Khomeini/index.html From Khomein, ''A biography of the Ayatollah''], June 14, 1999, The Iranian</ref><ref name="Moin1999">[http://books.google.com/books?id=B-ihPNR4iaoC&pg=PA2&lpg=PA2&dq=Seyyed+Ahmad+Musavi+Hindi&source=bl&ots=gA204zovZh&sig=U-hfoPBFyUW2eRJTMfTjSH7FsC8&hl=en&ei=w9Q6TKikEYP6lwfw79XVBw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CBYQ6AEwAzgK#v=onepage&q=Seyyed%20Ahmad%20Musavi%20Hindi&f=false Khomeini: life of the Ayatollah, Volume 1999] By Baqer Moin</ref><ref name="Hamid">Ruhollah Khomeini's brief biography by Hamid Algar</ref> Zayn al-'Abidin al-Musavi who was progenitor of sayeds of Kintoor was great-great-grandfather of Seyyed Ahmad.<ref>[http://books.google.co.in/books?id=6JrL2GdwkVsC&pg=PA284&lpg=PA284&dq=Sayyids+in+Awadh&source=bl&ots=B-FrEtX94o&sig=wc72S3dS8VKA8UFDuVdzWQxwFj4&hl=en&sa=X&ei=NGTPUPF9yf2sB-HLgMgD&ved=0CDkQ6AEwATgU#v=onepage&q=Sayyids%20in%20Awadh&f=false Islam, Politics, and Social Movements] By Edmund Burke, III, Ervand Abrahamian</ref> |
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He was born in [[Kintoor]] and was a contemporary and relative of the famous scholar [[Ayatollah]] [[Hamid Hussain Musavi]] [[Kintoor]]i.<ref name="Iranian" /><ref name="Moin1999" /><ref name="Columbia">[http://books.google.com/books?id=rNrMilgHKKEC&pg=PA199&lpg=PA199&dq=Seyyed+Ahmad+Musavi+Hindi&source=bl&ots=Sp3QTqX2Id&sig=jPhXf-pkhPqgHuRiYOrbHtEwQNE&hl=en&ei=ZdA6TLPRN4KClAeS-L3SBw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=8&ved=0CCkQ6AEwBw#v=onepage&q=Seyyed%20Ahmad%20Musavi%20Hindi&f=false The Columbia world dictionary of Islamism] By Olivier Roy, Antoine Sfeir</ref> There are speculations that he was recruited by the British as a tool to help London maintain rule over British-occupied India. The British used the tactics of divide and conquer to create conflict between Indian Muslims and Indian Sikh and Hindus so that they could not unite to rise up against British rule of India.<ref>http://english.emory.edu/Bahri/Mutiny.html</ref><ref>http://strat.in/2009/07/divide-rule-a-strategy-lesson/</ref><ref>http://www.forbes.com/2009/10/08/ayatollah-khomeini-british-ahmadinejad-iran-opinions-columnists-melik-kaylan.html</ref> |
He was born in [[Kintoor]] and was a contemporary and relative of the famous scholar [[Ayatollah]] [[Hamid Hussain Musavi]] [[Kintoor]]i.<ref name="Iranian" /><ref name="Moin1999" /><ref name="Columbia">[http://books.google.com/books?id=rNrMilgHKKEC&pg=PA199&lpg=PA199&dq=Seyyed+Ahmad+Musavi+Hindi&source=bl&ots=Sp3QTqX2Id&sig=jPhXf-pkhPqgHuRiYOrbHtEwQNE&hl=en&ei=ZdA6TLPRN4KClAeS-L3SBw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=8&ved=0CCkQ6AEwBw#v=onepage&q=Seyyed%20Ahmad%20Musavi%20Hindi&f=false The Columbia world dictionary of Islamism] By Olivier Roy, Antoine Sfeir</ref> There are speculations that he was recruited by the British as a tool to help London maintain rule over British-occupied India. The British used the tactics of divide and conquer to create conflict between Indian Muslims and Indian Sikh and Hindus so that they could not unite to rise up against British rule of India.<ref>http://english.emory.edu/Bahri/Mutiny.html</ref><ref>http://strat.in/2009/07/divide-rule-a-strategy-lesson/</ref><ref>http://www.forbes.com/2009/10/08/ayatollah-khomeini-british-ahmadinejad-iran-opinions-columnists-melik-kaylan.html</ref> |
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==In Iraq== |
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In about 1830 he left [[Lucknow]] for to the tomb of [[Ali]] in [[Najaf]], [[Iraq]] for pilgrimage and to study at one of its famous seminaries; he never returned to India.<ref name="Moin1999" /><ref name="Hamid" /><ref name="Columbia" /> According to Moin this movement was to escape colonial rule of [[British Raj]] in India.<ref name="moin18">{{harvnb|Moin|2000|p=18}}</ref> |
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==In Iran== |
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| ⚫ | He visited Iran in 1834 and settled down in [[Khomeyn]] where in 1839 he purchased the large house and garden spanning 4,000-square-meter and costing very large sum of 100 tomans.<ref name="Iranian" /> He later purchased more land in and around [[Khomeyn]] including an orchard and caravanserai, these properties remained in the family up to modern times.<ref name="Hamid" /><ref name="Columbia" /> |
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Till 1841 he had married three wives Shirin Khanum, Bibi Khanum and Sakineh (his friend Yusuf Khan Kamareh'i's sister), all from [[Khomeyn]]. He had only one child from his first two wives, but had three daughters and a son Mostafa (Father of [[Ruhollah Khomeini]]), who was born in 1856 from Sakineh.<ref name="Iranian" /> |
Till 1841 he had married three wives Shirin Khanum, Bibi Khanum and Sakineh (his friend Yusuf Khan Kamareh'i's sister), all from [[Khomeyn]]. He had only one child from his first two wives, but had three daughters and a son Mostafa (Father of [[Ruhollah Khomeini]]), who was born in 1856 from Sakineh.<ref name="Iranian" /> |
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==Death== |
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He died in 1869 and, as he had instructed in his will, the family took his body by mule to the holy city of [[Karbala]] for burial.<ref name="Iranian" /> |
He died in 1869 and, as he had instructed in his will, the family took his body by mule to the holy city of [[Karbala]] for burial.<ref name="Iranian" /> |
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==Hindi== |
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Although he stayed back and settled in [[Iran]], he continued to be known as ''Hindi'', even [[Ruhollah Khomeini]] used ''Hindi'' as pen name in some of his ghazals.<ref name="Hamid" /> Also, [[Ruhollah Khomeini|Ruhollah]]'s brother was known by name Nureddin ''Hindi''.<ref name="Moin1999" /> |
Although he stayed back and settled in [[Iran]], he continued to be known as ''Hindi'' (i.e. from [[Hind]] or India), even [[Ruhollah Khomeini]] used ''Hindi'' as pen name in some of his ghazals.<ref name="Hamid" /> Also, [[Ruhollah Khomeini|Ruhollah]]'s brother was known by name Nureddin ''Hindi''.<ref name="Moin1999" /> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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Revision as of 18:25, 26 December 2012
Seyyed Ahmad Musavi Hindi (تیئنیید احمد مسوی ہندی; died 1869) was a Twelver Shia Muslim scholar. He was the paternal grandfather of the Supreme leader of the Iranian Revolution, Ruhollah Khomeini.
In India
In the early 18th century his family had migrated from their original home in Nishapur in Iran to the Kingdom of Oudh of India in northern India whose rulers were Twelver Shia Muslims of Persian origin.[1][2] they settled in the town of Kintoor, Barabanki.[3][4][5] Zayn al-'Abidin al-Musavi who was progenitor of sayeds of Kintoor was great-great-grandfather of Seyyed Ahmad.[6]
He was born in Kintoor and was a contemporary and relative of the famous scholar Ayatollah Hamid Hussain Musavi Kintoori.[3][4][7] There are speculations that he was recruited by the British as a tool to help London maintain rule over British-occupied India. The British used the tactics of divide and conquer to create conflict between Indian Muslims and Indian Sikh and Hindus so that they could not unite to rise up against British rule of India.[8][9][10]
In Iraq
In about 1830 he left Lucknow for to the tomb of Ali in Najaf, Iraq for pilgrimage and to study at one of its famous seminaries; he never returned to India.[4][5][7] According to Moin this movement was to escape colonial rule of British Raj in India.[11]
In Iran
He visited Iran in 1834 and settled down in Khomeyn where in 1839 he purchased the large house and garden spanning 4,000-square-meter and costing very large sum of 100 tomans.[3] He later purchased more land in and around Khomeyn including an orchard and caravanserai, these properties remained in the family up to modern times.[5][7]
Till 1841 he had married three wives Shirin Khanum, Bibi Khanum and Sakineh (his friend Yusuf Khan Kamareh'i's sister), all from Khomeyn. He had only one child from his first two wives, but had three daughters and a son Mostafa (Father of Ruhollah Khomeini), who was born in 1856 from Sakineh.[3]
Death
He died in 1869 and, as he had instructed in his will, the family took his body by mule to the holy city of Karbala for burial.[3]
Hindi
Although he stayed back and settled in Iran, he continued to be known as Hindi (i.e. from Hind or India), even Ruhollah Khomeini used Hindi as pen name in some of his ghazals.[5] Also, Ruhollah's brother was known by name Nureddin Hindi.[4]
References
- ^ Sacred space and holy war: the politics, culture and history of Shi'ite Islam By Juan Ricardo Cole
- ^ Art and culture: endeavours in interpretation By Ahsan Jan Qaisar,Som Prakash Verma,Mohammad Habib
- ^ a b c d e From Khomein, A biography of the Ayatollah, June 14, 1999, The Iranian
- ^ a b c d Khomeini: life of the Ayatollah, Volume 1999 By Baqer Moin
- ^ a b c d Ruhollah Khomeini's brief biography by Hamid Algar
- ^ Islam, Politics, and Social Movements By Edmund Burke, III, Ervand Abrahamian
- ^ a b c The Columbia world dictionary of Islamism By Olivier Roy, Antoine Sfeir
- ^ http://english.emory.edu/Bahri/Mutiny.html
- ^ http://strat.in/2009/07/divide-rule-a-strategy-lesson/
- ^ http://www.forbes.com/2009/10/08/ayatollah-khomeini-british-ahmadinejad-iran-opinions-columnists-melik-kaylan.html
- ^ Moin 2000, p. 18