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of '''''Fraxinus angustifolia'' subsp. ''oxycarpa'''''
of '''''Fraxinus angustifolia'' subsp. ''oxycarpa'''''
*[[Claret Ash|'Raywood']]. This [[cultivar]] is commonly planted as an [[ornamental tree]] in temperate regions; it has notable autumn colour, but has the major drawback of very brittle branches.
*[[Claret Ash|'Raywood']]. This [[cultivar]] is commonly planted as an [[ornamental tree]] in temperate regions. It has notable autumn colour, but has the major drawback of very brittle branches.


==Uses==
==Uses==
Line 43: Line 43:


==Weed Potential==
==Weed Potential==
'''''Fraxinus angustifolia'' subsp. ''angustifolia''''' has become a weed in many parts of Australia, where it is known as ''Desert Ash''. It has been widely planted as a street and park tree, and has spread to native bushland and grasslands, as well as stream banks and drainage lines, out-competing native plants for moisture, light and nutrients.<ref>{{cite web|title=Weed Identification: Desert Ash|url=http://www.weeds.org.au/cgi-bin/weedident.cgi?tpl=plant.tpl&ibra=all&card=E15|publisher=weeds.org.au|accessdate=2013-01-02}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Desert Ash|url=http://www.yarraranges.vic.gov.au/files/e941c717-4b7b-496a-a340-9d2700dd764f/Desert_Ash.pdf|publisher=Shire of Yarra Ranges|accessdate=2013-01-02}}</ref>
'''''Fraxinus angustifolia'' subsp. ''angustifolia''''' has become a weed in many parts of Australia, where it is known as ''Desert Ash''. It has been widely planted as a street and park tree, and has spread to native bushland and grasslands, as well as stream banks and drainage lines, out-competing native plants for moisture, light and nutrients.<ref name="weed">{{cite web | title = Desert ash | publisher = Weeds Australia | url = http://www.weeds.org.au/cgi-bin/weedident.cgi?tpl=plant.tpl&ibra=all&card=E15 | accessdate = 2008-06-11 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Desert Ash|url=http://www.yarraranges.vic.gov.au/files/e941c717-4b7b-496a-a340-9d2700dd764f/Desert_Ash.pdf|publisher=Shire of Yarra Ranges|accessdate=2013-01-02}}</ref>


==Gallery==
==Gallery==
Line 49: Line 49:
Image:NarrowleafAsh.jpg|Leaves of subsp. ''oxycarpa''
Image:NarrowleafAsh.jpg|Leaves of subsp. ''oxycarpa''
Image:Fraxinus angustifolia broken trunk1.jpg|Specimen of 'Raywood', typically showing several broken branches
Image:Fraxinus angustifolia broken trunk1.jpg|Specimen of 'Raywood', typically showing several broken branches
Image:Fraxinus angustifolia subsp angustifolia.jpg|Young spring leaves of subsp. ''angustifolia'', known as Desert Ash in Australia, where classed as a weed.<ref>{{cite web | title = Desert ash | publisher = Weeds Australia | url = http://www.weeds.org.au/cgi-bin/weedident.cgi?tpl=plant.tpl&ibra=all&card=E15 | accessdate = 2008-06-11 }}</ref>
Image:Fraxinus angustifolia subsp angustifolia.jpg|Young spring leaves of subsp. ''angustifolia'', known as Desert Ash in Australia, where classed as a weed.<ref name="weed"/>
Image:New Fraxinus angustifolia subsp. angustifolia leaves.jpg|New leaves of subsp. ''angustifolia''
Image:New Fraxinus angustifolia subsp. angustifolia leaves.jpg|New leaves of subsp. ''angustifolia''
</gallery>
</gallery>

Revision as of 08:22, 2 January 2013

Fraxinus angustifolia
Foliage of subsp. oxycarpa
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Plantae
Division:
Magnoliophyta
Class:
Magnoliopsida
Order:
Lamiales
Family:
Oleaceae
Genus:
Fraxinus
Species:
F. angustifolia
Binomial name
Fraxinus angustifolia
Synonyms

Fraxinus angustifolia (Narrow-leafed Ash) is a species of Fraxinus native to central and southern Europe, northwest Africa, and southwest Asia.[1][2]

Description

It is a medium-sized deciduous tree growing to 20–30 m tall with a trunk up to 1.5 m diameter. The bark is smooth and pale grey on young trees, becoming square-cracked and knobbly on old trees. The buds are pale brown, which readily distinguishes it from the related Fraxinus excelsior (black buds) even in winter. The leaves are in opposite pairs or whorls of three, pinnate, 15–25 cm long, with 3-13 leaflets; the leaflets being distinctively slender, 3–8 cm long and 1-1.5 cm broad. The flowers are produced in inflorescences which can be male, hermaphrodite or mixed male and hermaphrodite. The male and hermaphrodite flowers occur on all individuals, i.e. all trees are functionally hermaphrodite. Flowering occurs in early spring. The fruit when fully formed is a samara 3–4 cm long, the seed 1.5–2 cm long with a pale brown wing 1.5–2 cm long.[2][3][4][5]

Variation

There are four subspecies, treated as distinct species by some authors:[1][2]

  • Fraxinus angustifolia subsp. angustifolia. Western Europe north to France, northwest Africa. Leaves with 7–13 leaflets; leaflets hairless beneath.
  • Fraxinus angustifolia subsp. oxycarpa (M.Bieb. ex Willd.) Franco & Rocha Afonso (syn. F. oxycarpa M.Bieb. ex Willd.). Caucasian Ash. Eastern Europe north to the Czech Republic, southwest Asia east to northern Iran. Leaves with 3–9 leaflets; leaflets with white hairs on the lower half of the midribs.
  • Fraxinus angustifolia subsp. syriaca Middle East and West Asia.
  • Fraxinus angustifolia subsp. danubialis (described by Zdeněk Pouzar) Middle Europe.

Cultivars

of Fraxinus angustifolia subsp. angustifolia

of Fraxinus angustifolia subsp. oxycarpa

  • 'Raywood'. This cultivar is commonly planted as an ornamental tree in temperate regions. It has notable autumn colour, but has the major drawback of very brittle branches.

Uses

In Sicily, it is cultivated as a source of a plant sap product called manna (see Fraxinus ornus).[6]

Weed Potential

Fraxinus angustifolia subsp. angustifolia has become a weed in many parts of Australia, where it is known as Desert Ash. It has been widely planted as a street and park tree, and has spread to native bushland and grasslands, as well as stream banks and drainage lines, out-competing native plants for moisture, light and nutrients.[7][8]

  • Leaves of subsp. oxycarpa
    Leaves of subsp. oxycarpa
  • Specimen of 'Raywood', typically showing several broken branches
    Specimen of 'Raywood', typically showing several broken branches
  • Young spring leaves of subsp. angustifolia, known as Desert Ash in Australia, where classed as a weed.[7]
    Young spring leaves of subsp. angustifolia, known as Desert Ash in Australia, where classed as a weed.[7]
  • New leaves of subsp. angustifolia
    New leaves of subsp. angustifolia

References

  1. ^ a b Flora Europaea: Fraxinus angustifolia
  2. ^ a b c Rushforth, K. (1999). Trees of Britain and Europe. Collins ISBN 0-00-220013-9.
  3. ^ Mitchell, A. F. (1974). A Field Guide to the Trees of Britain and Northern Europe. Collins ISBN 0-00-212035-6
  4. ^ Mitchell, A. F. (1982). The Trees of Britain and Northern Europe. Collins ISBN 0-00-219037-0
  5. ^ Bean, W. J. (1978). Trees and Shrubs Hardy in the British Isles 8th ed., vol. 2. John Murray ISBN 0-7195-2256-0.
  6. ^ Production of manna in Sicily (visited December 21, 2009)
  7. ^ a b "Desert ash". Weeds Australia. Retrieved 2008-06-11.
  8. ^ "Desert Ash" (PDF). Shire of Yarra Ranges. Retrieved 2013-01-02.

Media related to Fraxinus angustifolia at Wikimedia Commons

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