Half-breed: Difference between revisions

Half-breed
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Half-breed is a term for anyone who is of mixed races, half Native American and half white European. While calling someone of Native American and European parentage a half-breed is considered derogatory.

Origin

Métis is a more general French term for mixed race, which has generally referred to a person of descent from two different major ethnic groups, such as European and African, European and Native American, or European and Asian. Prior to 1763, when Canada passed into British hands, most traders with the Indians in northern North America were French, thus half-breeds were usually half French. As fur-trading became the province of the Northwest Company of Montreal, and, later, the Hudson's Bay Company, half-breeds were more likely to have fathers of Scottish or Orkney origins. Trappers were often still French-Canadian or Métis, however, as they had long been in the business. Their sons, familiar with First Nations languages and cultures, found ready employment with the trading companies. The Métis were so numerous as to create some communities of their own, such as the Red River settlement in Manitoba, and Prince Albert in Saskatchewan.^[1]

In popular culture

The villain of Mark Twain's novel, The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, is a Native American-European-American man named "Injun Joe"; he is referred to as a "half-breed", often together with a derogatory adjective, such as "stinking," and has a violent and homicidal personality, which is attributed to his heritage.
"Half-Breed" is a song recorded by Cher and released as a single in 1973. On October 6, 1973, it became Cher's second U.S. number one hit as a solo artist, and it was her second solo single to hit the top spot in Canada on the same date.^[2]
In the Harry Potter series, the term "Half-Breed" is used as an insult toward a character who is of mixed human/magical creature ancestry. ^{[citation needed]}

Notes

^ Pages 202 to 205, W.P. Clark, The Indian Sign Language, University of Nebraska Press (1982--first published 1885 by L.R. Hamersly), trade paperback, 444 pages, ISBN 0-8032-6309-0
^ "Top Singles", RPM, Volume 20, No. 8, October 06 1973, Library & Archives Canada

External links

[1], The Half-Jewish Network
Murray Parker: "The Half-breed Savage/ Quanah Parker", Texas Escapes
"Half-breed", Dictionary

This article about ethnicity is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

[1] Pages 202 to 205, W.P. Clark, The Indian Sign Language, University of Nebraska Press (1982--first published 1885 by L.R. Hamersly), trade paperback, 444 pages, ISBN 0-8032-6309-0

[2] "Top Singles", RPM, Volume 20, No. 8, October 06 1973, Library & Archives Canada

[1]

[2]

@@ Line 5: / Line 5: @@
 |image      = [[File:Holmes Colbert.jpg|108px]] [[File:Greewood-Leflore.jpg|110px]] [[File:Chief Quanah Parker of the Kwahadi Comanche.jpg|77px]]<br />[[File:Jim Thorpe at desk.jpg|100px]]
 |caption    =  <small>[[Holmes Colbert]]{{·}}[[Greenwood LeFlore]]{{·}}[[Quanah Parker]]<br />[[Jim Thorpe]]</small>
-|religions  =        [[Native American Church]]<br />[[Protestant]]<br />Sacred Pipe<br />Kiva Religion<br />Long House<br />[[Roman Catholic]]<br />[[Russian Orthodox]]<br />[[Jewish]]
+|religions  =        [[Native American Church]]<br />[[Protestant]]<br />Sacred Pipe<br />Kiva Religion<br />Long House<br />}}
-}}
 {{original research|date=April 2011}}
 {{Refimprove|date=July 2007}}
-'''Half-breed''' is a term for anyone who is of mixed races or religions, especially half [[Catholic]] and half [[Jewish]], or half [[Indigenous peoples of the Americas|Native American]] and half white [[European American|European]].  While calling someone of [[Indigenous peoples of the Americas|Native American]] and [[Europe|European]] parentage a half-breed is considered derogatory, the term has a much more playful connotation when referring to someone of [[Jewish]] and [[Catholic]] parentage.
+'''Half-breed''' is a term for anyone who is of mixed races, half [[Indigenous peoples of the Americas|Native American]] and half white [[European American|European]].  While calling someone of [[Indigenous peoples of the Americas|Native American]] and [[Europe|European]] parentage a half-breed is considered derogatory.
 ==Origin==
 ''[[Métis]]'' is a more general French term for [[mixed race]], which has generally referred to a person of descent from two different major ethnic groups, such as European and African, European and Native American, or European and Asian. Prior to 1763, when Canada passed into British hands, most traders with the Indians in northern North America were French, thus half-breeds were usually half French. As fur-trading became the province of the [[North West Company|Northwest Company of Montreal]], and, later, the [[Hudson's Bay Company]], half-breeds were more likely to have fathers of Scottish or Orkney origins. Trappers were often still French-Canadian or Métis, however, as they had long been in the business.  Their sons, familiar with First Nations languages and cultures, found ready employment with the trading companies.  The Métis were so numerous as to create some communities of their own, such as the [[Red River Colony|Red River settlement in Manitoba]], and [[Prince Albert, Saskatchewan|Prince Albert in Saskatchewan]].<ref>Pages 202 to 205, [[W.P. Clark]], ''The Indian Sign Language'', University of Nebraska Press (1982--first published 1885 by L.R. Hamersly), trade paperback, 444 pages, ISBN 0-8032-6309-0</ref>
-The use of the term "half-breed" to refer to someone who was half-Jewish began around 1940, at the height of Germany's [[Third Reich]].  A person of only partial [[Aryan]] ancestry was officially called a [[Mischling]]—a German word meaning "cross-breed", "hybrid", or "mongrel"—but was often colloquially called a "half-breed". The category [[Mischling]] was derogatory as it was rooted in anti-semitism. The [[Mischling Test]] was used to determine "how Jewish" someone was.  The term "half-breed" was revived in the late 1980's and early 1990's to describe the children of one Jewish and one Catholic parent, especially those from the New York Metropolitan Area.  Although interfaith marriages were fairly rare in the U.S. prior to this time, New York's rapidly growing Jewish population led to interfaith marriages becoming much more commonplace. Interfaith families adopted the term in a playful way, and rarely consider it to be derogatory.
 == In popular culture ==