Crenation: Difference between revisions
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'''Crenation''' (from modern Latin ''crenatus'' meaning 'scalloped or notched', from popular Latin ''crena'' meaning 'notch')<ref name="Oxford">Oxford Dictionaries. [http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/crenate]</ref> in botany and zoology, describes an object's shape, especially a leaf or shell, as being round-toothed or having a scalloped edge.<ref name="Oxford" /> |
'''Crenation''' (from modern Latin ''crenatus'' meaning 'scalloped or notched', from popular Latin ''crena'' meaning 'notch')<ref name="Oxford">Oxford Dictionaries. [http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/crenate]</ref> in botany and zoology, describes an object's shape, especially a leaf or shell, as being round-toothed or having a scalloped edge.<ref name="Oxford" /> |
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The descriptor can apply to objects of different types, including cells, where one mechanism of crenation is the contraction of a cell after exposure to a [[Tonicity#Hypertonicity|hypertonic solution]], due to the loss of water through [[osmosis]]. |
The descriptor can apply to objects of different types, including cells, where one mechanism of crenation is the contraction of a cell after exposure to a [[Tonicity#Hypertonicity|hypertonic solution]], due to the loss of water through [[osmosis]].<ref name ="Stoker_2012_6">Stoker HS. (2012; edition 6) ''General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry'' ISBN 978-1133103943</ref>{{rp|229-230}} In a hypertonic environment, the cell has a lower concentration of [[solute]]s than the surrounding [[extracellular fluid]], and [[water]] [[diffusion|diffuses]] by [[osmosis]] out of the cell, causing the [[cytoplasm]] to decrease in volume. As a result, the cell shrinks and the [[cell membrane]] develops abnormal notchings around its edges. [[Pickled cucumber|Pickling cucumbers]] and [[Curing (food preservation)|salt-curing]] of meat are two practical applications of crenation.<ref name ="Stoker_2012_6" />{{rp|229}} |
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<ref name ="Stoker_2012_6">Stoker HS. (2012; edition 6) ''General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry'' ISBN 978-1133103943</ref>{{rp|229-230}} In a hypertonic environment, the cell has a lower concentration of [[solute]]s than the surrounding [[extracellular fluid]], and [[water]] [[diffusion|diffuses]] by [[osmosis]] out of the cell, causing the [[cytoplasm]] to decrease in volume. As a result, the cell shrinks and the [[cell membrane]] develops abnormal notchings around its edges. [[Pickled cucumber|Pickling cucumbers]] and [[Curing (food preservation)|salt-curing]] of meat are two practical applications of crenation.<ref name ="Stoker_2012_6" />{{rp|229}} |
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Crenation may be a feature of [[red blood cells]]. These erythrocytes look as if they have projections extending from a smaller central area, like a spiked ball. The crenations may be either large, irregular spicules of [[acanthocyte]]s, or smaller, more numerous, regularly irregular projections of [[echinocyte]]s. [[Acanthocyte]]s and [[echinocyte]]s may arise from abnormalities of the cell membrane lipids or proteins, or from other disease processes, or as an [[ex vivo]] [[artefact]]. |
Crenation may be a feature of [[red blood cells]]. These erythrocytes look as if they have projections extending from a smaller central area, like a spiked ball. The crenations may be either large, irregular spicules of [[acanthocyte]]s, or smaller, more numerous, regularly irregular projections of [[echinocyte]]s. [[Acanthocyte]]s and [[echinocyte]]s may arise from abnormalities of the cell membrane lipids or proteins, or from other disease processes, or as an [[ex vivo]] [[artefact]]. |
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Revision as of 23:15, 13 January 2013
Crenation (from modern Latin crenatus meaning 'scalloped or notched', from popular Latin crena meaning 'notch')[1] in botany and zoology, describes an object's shape, especially a leaf or shell, as being round-toothed or having a scalloped edge.[1]
The descriptor can apply to objects of different types, including cells, where one mechanism of crenation is the contraction of a cell after exposure to a hypertonic solution, due to the loss of water through osmosis.[2]: 229–230 In a hypertonic environment, the cell has a lower concentration of solutes than the surrounding extracellular fluid, and water diffuses by osmosis out of the cell, causing the cytoplasm to decrease in volume. As a result, the cell shrinks and the cell membrane develops abnormal notchings around its edges. Pickling cucumbers and salt-curing of meat are two practical applications of crenation.[2]: 229
Crenation may be a feature of red blood cells. These erythrocytes look as if they have projections extending from a smaller central area, like a spiked ball. The crenations may be either large, irregular spicules of acanthocytes, or smaller, more numerous, regularly irregular projections of echinocytes. Acanthocytes and echinocytes may arise from abnormalities of the cell membrane lipids or proteins, or from other disease processes, or as an ex vivo artefact.
Plasmolysis is the term which describes plant cells when the cytoplasm shrinks from the cell wall in a hypertonic environment. In plasmolysis, the cell wall stays intact, but the plasma membrane shrinks and the chloroplasts of the plant cell concentrate in the center of the cell.
References
See also
External links
- Image from Cornell.edu
- Crenation at medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com
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