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==Life==
==Life==
Joseph Elsner was born in [[Grodków|Grottkau]], Herzogtum Neisse ( ([[Duchy of Nysa]])), near [[Wrocław|Breslau]], [[Kingdom of Prussia]], on June 1, 1769, to [[Silesia]]n [[Roman Catholic Church|Catholic]] parents Franz Xaver Elsner. His mother was from the famous Matzke family of [[Kłodzko|Glatz]], which had intensive contacts with [[Czech language|Czech culture]] in [[Bohemia]]. Joseph Elsner was initially educated for the priesthood at Breslau's Dominican monastery school, St. Matthew's ''[[Gymnasium (school)|Gymnasium]]'', and a local [[Jesuit]] college, but chose the music field. In 1832–37 he would compose nineteen religious pieces for [[Wrocław Cathedral|Breslau Cathedral]].
Józef Elsner was born in [[Grodków|Grottkau]], Herzogtum Neisse ([[Duchy of Nysa]]), near [[Wrocław|Breslau]], [[Kingdom of Prussia]], on June 1, 1769, to [[Silesia]]n [[Roman Catholic Church|Catholic]] parents Franz Xaver Elsner. His mother was from the famous Matzke family of [[Kłodzko|Glatz]], which had intensive contacts with [[Czech language|Czech culture]] in [[Bohemia]]. Józef Elsner was initially educated for the priesthood at Breslau's Dominican monastery school, St. Matthew's ''[[Gymnasium (school)|Gymnasium]]'', and a local [[Jesuit]] college, but chose the music field. In 1832–37 he would compose nineteen religious pieces for [[Wrocław Cathedral|Breslau Cathedral]].


After completing his studies at Breslau and being a violinist at [[Brno|Brünn]], in 1792 he became 2nd ''Kapellmeister'' at the German Opera<ref>NDB [http://mdz10.bib-bvb.de/~db/0001/bsb00016320/images/index.html?id=00016320&fip=91.18.234.49&no=&seite=483 p. 467]</ref> in Austrian-ruled [[Lviv|Lemberg]]. There in 1796 he married Klara Abt, who died a year later. In 1799, with [[Wojciech Bogusławski]], he went to [[New East Prussia]] (Prussian-ruled Poland) and became the principal conductor, first at the German Theatre,<ref>http://de.wikisource.org/wiki/ADB:Elsner,_Joseph</ref> then at the Polish [[National Theatre, Warsaw|National Theatre]] in [[Warsaw]].<ref name="ReferenceA"/>
After completing his studies at Breslau and being a violinist at [[Brno|Brünn]], in 1792 he became 2nd ''Kapellmeister'' at the German Opera<ref>NDB [http://mdz10.bib-bvb.de/~db/0001/bsb00016320/images/index.html?id=00016320&fip=91.18.234.49&no=&seite=483 p. 467]</ref> in Austrian-ruled [[Lviv|Lemberg]]. There in 1796 he married Klara Abt, who died a year later. In 1799, with [[Wojciech Bogusławski]], he went to [[New East Prussia]] (Prussian-ruled Poland) and became the principal conductor, first at the German Theatre, then at the Polish [[National Theatre, Warsaw|National Theatre]] in [[Warsaw]].<ref name="ReferenceA"/>


Elsner traveled to Paris, [[Dresden]] and Posen ([[Poznań]]), where he met [[E.T.A. Hoffmann]]. Together they founded the ''Musikressource'' in 1805. In 1802 he had married a second wife, Karolina Drozdowska. Due to complaints that he preferred Germans, he resigned from Theater work.
Elsner traveled to Paris, [[Dresden]] and Posen ([[Poznań]]), where he met [[E.T.A. Hoffmann]]. Together they founded the ''Musikressource'' in 1805. In 1802 he had married a second wife, Karolina Drozdowska. Due to complaints that he preferred Germans, he resigned from theater work.


During his decades in Warsaw, Elsner's name and family life gradually [[Polonization|polonized]]. Elsner's ethnicity should not be evaluated in terms of 19th- and 20th-century national identity, as he continued to refer to himself primarily as a [[Silesians|Silesian]].
During his decades in Warsaw, Elsner's name and family life gradually [[Polonization|polonized]]. Elsner's ethnicity should not be evaluated in terms of 19th- and 20th-century national identity, as he continued to refer to himself primarily as a [[Silesians|Silesian]].

Elsner taught the composers [[Ignacy Feliks Dobrzyński]] and [[Frédéric Chopin]]. Chopin dedicated to Elsner his [[Piano Sonata No. 1 (Chopin)|Piano Sonata No. 1 in C minor]], Op. 4 (1828) — composed while Chopin was studying with Elsner.


In 1799-1824 Elsner was the principal conductor at Warsaw's [[National Theatre, Warsaw|National Theater]], where he premiered a number of his [[opera]]s. Elsner also taught at the [[Warsaw Lyceum]], housed in the [[Kazimierz Palace]].
In 1799-1824 Elsner was the principal conductor at Warsaw's [[National Theatre, Warsaw|National Theater]], where he premiered a number of his [[opera]]s. Elsner also taught at the [[Warsaw Lyceum]], housed in the [[Kazimierz Palace]].


As only teacher, Elsner from 1823–29 taught Chopin [[music theory]] and composition. At the time, Elsner wrote of Chopin in his diary: "Chopin, Frederic, third-year student, amazing capabilities, musical genius."
Elsner taught the composers [[Ignacy Feliks Dobrzyński]] and [[Frédéric Chopin]]. Chopin dedicated to Elsner his [[Piano Sonata No. 1 (Chopin)|Piano Sonata No. 1 in C minor]], Op. 4 (1828) — composed while he was studying with Elsner. As his only teacher, Elsner taught Chopin [[music theory]] and composition from 1823 to 29. At the time, Elsner wrote of Chopin in his diary: "Chopin, Frederic, third-year student, amazing capabilities, musical genius."


Elsner died at his estate named after him ([[Elsnerów]]), now within the city limits of Warsaw, on April 18, 1854.
Elsner died at his estate named after him ([[Elsnerów]]), now within the city limits of Warsaw, on April 18, 1854.

Revision as of 06:00, 3 March 2013

Portrait by Maksymilian Fajans, after 1853
Plaque on former Dominican refectory at Plac Dominikański 2/4, Wrocław, commemorating Elsner's connections with Wrocław.

Józef Antoni Franciszek (sometimes Józef Ksawery Elsner, baptismal name Joseph Anton Franz Elsner) (1 June 1769 – 18 April 1854) was a composer, music teacher and music theoretician, active mainly in Warsaw. He was one of the first composers in Poland to weave elements of folk music into his works.[1]

He composed many symphonic, chamber, solo, and vocal-instrumental (about 120 religious) works, and 38 operas.[1] He is perhaps best known as teacher of the young Frédéric Chopin.

Life

Józef Elsner was born in Grottkau, Herzogtum Neisse (Duchy of Nysa), near Breslau, Kingdom of Prussia, on June 1, 1769, to Silesian Catholic parents Franz Xaver Elsner. His mother was from the famous Matzke family of Glatz, which had intensive contacts with Czech culture in Bohemia. Józef Elsner was initially educated for the priesthood at Breslau's Dominican monastery school, St. Matthew's Gymnasium, and a local Jesuit college, but chose the music field. In 1832–37 he would compose nineteen religious pieces for Breslau Cathedral.

After completing his studies at Breslau and being a violinist at Brünn, in 1792 he became 2nd Kapellmeister at the German Opera[2] in Austrian-ruled Lemberg. There in 1796 he married Klara Abt, who died a year later. In 1799, with Wojciech Bogusławski, he went to New East Prussia (Prussian-ruled Poland) and became the principal conductor, first at the German Theatre, then at the Polish National Theatre in Warsaw.[1]

Elsner traveled to Paris, Dresden and Posen (Poznań), where he met E.T.A. Hoffmann. Together they founded the Musikressource in 1805. In 1802 he had married a second wife, Karolina Drozdowska. Due to complaints that he preferred Germans, he resigned from theater work.

During his decades in Warsaw, Elsner's name and family life gradually polonized. Elsner's ethnicity should not be evaluated in terms of 19th- and 20th-century national identity, as he continued to refer to himself primarily as a Silesian.

In 1799-1824 Elsner was the principal conductor at Warsaw's National Theater, where he premiered a number of his operas. Elsner also taught at the Warsaw Lyceum, housed in the Kazimierz Palace.

Elsner taught the composers Ignacy Feliks Dobrzyński and Frédéric Chopin. Chopin dedicated to Elsner his Piano Sonata No. 1 in C minor, Op. 4 (1828) — composed while he was studying with Elsner. As his only teacher, Elsner taught Chopin music theory and composition from 1823 to 29. At the time, Elsner wrote of Chopin in his diary: "Chopin, Frederic, third-year student, amazing capabilities, musical genius."

Elsner died at his estate named after him (Elsnerów), now within the city limits of Warsaw, on April 18, 1854.

Works

Elsner's compositions included

Elsner was one of the first composers to weave elements of Polish folk music into his works.[1]

He also wrote Sumariusz moich utworów muzycznych (Summary of My Musical Works, published 1957).

See also

Notes

  1. ^ a b c d Encyklopedia Polski, p. 154.
  2. ^ NDB p. 467

References

  • "Joseph Anton Franz Elsner", Neue Deutsche Biographie (in German), vol. 4, Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, 1959, pp. 466–467
  • Array von Dommer (1877), "Elsner, Joseph", Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (in German), vol. 6, Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot, pp. 70–71
  • Martina Homma: Nationale Musik und nationale Musikwissenschaft. Der Fall Joseph Elsner. In: Deutsch-polnische Ansichten zur Literatur und Kultur. Wiesbaden 1995, S. 104–116 [1]
  • "Elsner, Józef," Encyklopedia Polski, Kraków, Wydawnictwo Ryszard Kluszczyński, 1996, p. 154.

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