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[[File:Jerzy Giedroyc 1997.jpg|thumbnail|Jerzy Giedroyc (Maisons-Laffitte, 1997)]]
[[File:Jerzy Giedroyc 1997.jpg|thumbnail|Jerzy Giedroyc (Maisons-Laffitte, 1997)]]
The '''Giedroyc doctrine''' ({{lang-pl|doktryna Giedroycia}}) was a [[political doctrine]] espoused by some postwar Polish emigré politicians, focusing on reconciliation among [[Eastern European]] countries.
The '''Giedroyc doctrine''' ({{lang-pl|doktryna Giedroycia}}) was a [[political doctrine]] espoused by some postwar Polish emigrés, focusing on reconciliation among [[East Central Europe|East-Central]] and [[Eastern European|East European]] countries.


The doctrine was named for a Polish emigré publicist, [[Jerzy Giedroyc]], who developed it in the 1970s in the journal [[Kultura]] with [[Juliusz Mieroszewski]] (the doctrine is sometimes called the Giedroyc-Mieroszewski doctrine<ref name=lit>Živilė Dambrauskaitė, Tomas Janeliūnas, Vytis Jurkonis, Vytautas Sirijos Gira, ''Lithuanian – Polish Relations Reconsidered: A Constrained Bilateral Agenda or an Empty Strategic Partnership?'', pp. 126-27 [http://www.eesc.lt/en/activities/analytical_reviews?id=481 online], also {{pdf|http://www.lfpr.lt/uploads/File/2011-26/Dambrauskaite%20el%20al.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Nazwa * |url=http://www.przeglad-tygodnik.pl/pl/artykul/do-uczniow-giedroycia |title=Do uczniów Giedroycia &#124; Tygodnik "Przegląd" |publisher=Przeglad-tygodnik.pl |date= |accessdate=2013-03-07}}</ref>) and other emigrés of the "[[Maisons-Laffitte]] group".<ref name="Szczerbiak2012">{{cite book|author=Aleks Szczerbiak|title=Poland within the European Union: New Awkward Partner or New Heart of Europe?|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=wACSxUX-wZAC&pg=PA1904|accessdate=7 March 2013|date=23 April 2012|publisher=CRC Press|isbn=978-1-134-17902-2|pages=1904–1905}}</ref><ref name=spw>Piotr A. Maciążek, Słownik Polityki Wschodniej, {{pdf|http://politykawschodnia.pl/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/S%C5%82ownik-Polityki-Wschodniej1.pdf}}</ref><ref name=liberteworld>{{cite web|url=http://liberteworld.com/2011/03/08/the-giedroyc-era-ended-in-foreign-policy/ |title=The Giedroyc era ended in foreign policy |publisher=Liberte World |date=2011-03-08 |accessdate=2013-03-07}}</ref><ref name="Lorek2009"/><ref name=lit/> It can be traced to the interwar [[Prometheism|Prometheist]] project of [[Józef Piłsudski]].<ref name="Lorek2009">{{cite book|author=Andreas Lorek|title=Poland's Role in the Development of an 'Eastern Dimension' of the European Union|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=lsmgmbbKD9MC&pg=PA23|accessdate=7 March 2013|date=February 2009|publisher=GRIN Verlag|isbn=978-3-640-25671-6|pages=23-24}}</ref>
The doctrine was named for a Polish emigré publicist, [[Jerzy Giedroyc]], who developed it in the 1970s in the journal ''[[Kultura]]'' with [[Juliusz Mieroszewski]] (the doctrine is sometimes called the Giedroyc-Mieroszewski doctrine<ref name=lit>Živilė Dambrauskaitė, Tomas Janeliūnas, Vytis Jurkonis, Vytautas Sirijos Gira, ''Lithuanian – Polish Relations Reconsidered: A Constrained Bilateral Agenda or an Empty Strategic Partnership?'', pp. 126-27 [http://www.eesc.lt/en/activities/analytical_reviews?id=481 online], also {{pdf|http://www.lfpr.lt/uploads/File/2011-26/Dambrauskaite%20el%20al.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Nazwa * |url=http://www.przeglad-tygodnik.pl/pl/artykul/do-uczniow-giedroycia |title=Do uczniów Giedroycia &#124; Tygodnik "Przegląd" |publisher=Przeglad-tygodnik.pl |date= |accessdate=2013-03-07}}</ref>) and other emigrés of the "[[Maisons-Laffitte]] group".<ref name="Szczerbiak2012">{{cite book|author=Aleks Szczerbiak|title=Poland within the European Union: New Awkward Partner or New Heart of Europe?|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=wACSxUX-wZAC&pg=PA1904|accessdate=7 March 2013|date=23 April 2012|publisher=CRC Press|isbn=978-1-134-17902-2|pages=1904–1905}}</ref><ref name=spw>Piotr A. Maciążek, Słownik Polityki Wschodniej, {{pdf|http://politykawschodnia.pl/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/S%C5%82ownik-Polityki-Wschodniej1.pdf}}</ref><ref name=liberteworld>{{cite web|url=http://liberteworld.com/2011/03/08/the-giedroyc-era-ended-in-foreign-policy/ |title=The Giedroyc era ended in foreign policy |publisher=Liberte World |date=2011-03-08 |accessdate=2013-03-07}}</ref><ref name="Lorek2009"/><ref name=lit/> The doctrine can be traced to the interwar [[Prometheism|Prometheist]] project of [[Józef Piłsudski]].<ref name="Lorek2009">{{cite book|author=Andreas Lorek|title=Poland's Role in the Development of an 'Eastern Dimension' of the European Union|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=lsmgmbbKD9MC&pg=PA23|accessdate=7 March 2013|date=February 2009|publisher=GRIN Verlag|isbn=978-3-640-25671-6|pages=23-24}}</ref>


The doctrine stressed the need for rebuilding good relations between [[Eastern European]] countries, which on Poland's part called for a rejection of any imperial ambitions and controversial territorial claims, accepting the post-war border changes.<ref name="Szczerbiak2012"/><ref name="Lorek2009"/>><ref name=liberteworld/> It supported independence for [[Belarus]] and [[Ukraine]].<ref name="Szczerbiak2012"/> It also called for treating other Eastern European countries as equally important as Russia, and for refusing any special treatment for Russia.<ref name=spw/><ref name=lit/> The doctrine was not antagonistic towards Russia, but it required that both Poland and Russia should abandon their struggle over domination of other Eastern European countries (in this context, primarily meaning the [[Baltic states]], Belarus and Ukraine (which let to yet another name for the doctrine, the ULB doctrine, with ULB standing for Ukraine Lithuania Belarus).<ref name=liberteworld/><ref name="Szczerbiak2012"/><ref name=spw/><ref name=lit/>
The doctrine urged the need to rebuild good relations among [[Eastern European|East European]] countries. On Poland's part, this called for rejecting any imperial ambitions and controversial territorial claims, and for accepting the postwar border changes.<ref name="Szczerbiak2012"/><ref name="Lorek2009"/><ref name=liberteworld/> The doctrine supported independence for [[Belarus]] and [[Ukraine]].<ref name="Szczerbiak2012"/> It also advocated treating other Eastern European countries as equal in importance to Russia, and refusing special treatment for Russia.<ref name=spw/><ref name=lit/> The doctrine was not hostile to Russia, but called on both Poland and Russia to abandon their struggle over domination of other Eastern European countries — in this context, mainly the [[Baltic states]], Belarus, and Ukraine (hence another name for the doctrine: the "ULB doctrine", where "ULB" stands for "Ukraine, Lithuania, Belarus").<ref name=liberteworld/><ref name="Szczerbiak2012"/><ref name=spw/><ref name=lit/>


This doctrine was supportive of the [[European Union]], and aimed at removing Eastern European countries from the Russian/Soviet [[sphere of influence]].<ref name="Szczerbiak2012"/> The doctrine became realized in the eastern politics of the [[foreign policy of Poland]] once the country regained its own independence from the Soviet influence following the [[fall of communism]] in 1989, and begun integrating into the EU structure (eventually [[Poland and the European Union|joining EU in 2004]]).<ref name="Szczerbiak2012"/><ref name="Lorek2009"/><ref name=spw/> One of the examples of the employment of that doctrine was the Polish support for Ukraine membership in EU and NATO.<ref name="Szczerbiak2012"/> The doctrine resulted in some tensions in the [[Polish-Russian relations]].<ref name="Szczerbiak2012"/> It has also been questioned by some publicists and politicians, particularly in the 21st century,<ref name=spw/> and it has been suggested that this doctrine has been abandoned in the recent years by [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Poland)|Polish Foreign Ministry]],<ref name=liberteworld/> although others argue the policy is still in force and endorsed by the Ministry.<ref name=lit/><ref>''O Giedroycia sporu nie ma. Rozmowa z Radosławem Sikorskim''. In: Nowa Europa Wschodnia 1/2010, p. 69–77 {{pdf|http://www.new.org.pl/files/docs/new110.pdf}}</ref>
This doctrine was supportive of the [[European Union]], and aimed at removing Eastern European countries from the Russian/Soviet [[sphere of influence]].<ref name="Szczerbiak2012"/> The doctrine became realized in the eastern politics of the [[foreign policy of Poland]] once the country regained its own independence from the Soviet influence following the [[fall of communism]] in 1989, and begun integrating into the EU structure (eventually [[Poland and the European Union|joining EU in 2004]]).<ref name="Szczerbiak2012"/><ref name="Lorek2009"/><ref name=spw/> One of the examples of the employment of that doctrine was the Polish support for Ukraine membership in EU and NATO.<ref name="Szczerbiak2012"/> The doctrine resulted in some tensions in the [[Polish-Russian relations]].<ref name="Szczerbiak2012"/> It has also been questioned by some publicists and politicians, particularly in the 21st century,<ref name=spw/> and it has been suggested that this doctrine has been abandoned in the recent years by [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Poland)|Polish Foreign Ministry]],<ref name=liberteworld/> although others argue the policy is still in force and endorsed by the Ministry.<ref name=lit/><ref>''O Giedroycia sporu nie ma. Rozmowa z Radosławem Sikorskim''. In: Nowa Europa Wschodnia 1/2010, p. 69–77 {{pdf|http://www.new.org.pl/files/docs/new110.pdf}}</ref>

Revision as of 07:26, 8 March 2013

Jerzy Giedroyc (Maisons-Laffitte, 1997)

The Giedroyc doctrine (Template:Lang-pl) was a political doctrine espoused by some postwar Polish emigrés, focusing on reconciliation among East-Central and East European countries.

The doctrine was named for a Polish emigré publicist, Jerzy Giedroyc, who developed it in the 1970s in the journal Kultura with Juliusz Mieroszewski (the doctrine is sometimes called the Giedroyc-Mieroszewski doctrine[1][2]) and other emigrés of the "Maisons-Laffitte group".[3][4][5][6][1] The doctrine can be traced to the interwar Prometheist project of Józef Piłsudski.[6]

The doctrine urged the need to rebuild good relations among East European countries. On Poland's part, this called for rejecting any imperial ambitions and controversial territorial claims, and for accepting the postwar border changes.[3][6][5] The doctrine supported independence for Belarus and Ukraine.[3] It also advocated treating other Eastern European countries as equal in importance to Russia, and refusing special treatment for Russia.[4][1] The doctrine was not hostile to Russia, but called on both Poland and Russia to abandon their struggle over domination of other Eastern European countries — in this context, mainly the Baltic states, Belarus, and Ukraine (hence another name for the doctrine: the "ULB doctrine", where "ULB" stands for "Ukraine, Lithuania, Belarus").[5][3][4][1]

This doctrine was supportive of the European Union, and aimed at removing Eastern European countries from the Russian/Soviet sphere of influence.[3] The doctrine became realized in the eastern politics of the foreign policy of Poland once the country regained its own independence from the Soviet influence following the fall of communism in 1989, and begun integrating into the EU structure (eventually joining EU in 2004).[3][6][4] One of the examples of the employment of that doctrine was the Polish support for Ukraine membership in EU and NATO.[3] The doctrine resulted in some tensions in the Polish-Russian relations.[3] It has also been questioned by some publicists and politicians, particularly in the 21st century,[4] and it has been suggested that this doctrine has been abandoned in the recent years by Polish Foreign Ministry,[5] although others argue the policy is still in force and endorsed by the Ministry.[1][7]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e Živilė Dambrauskaitė, Tomas Janeliūnas, Vytis Jurkonis, Vytautas Sirijos Gira, Lithuanian – Polish Relations Reconsidered: A Constrained Bilateral Agenda or an Empty Strategic Partnership?, pp. 126-27 online, also Template:Pdf
  2. ^ Nazwa *. "Do uczniów Giedroycia | Tygodnik "Przegląd"". Przeglad-tygodnik.pl. Retrieved 2013-03-07.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h Aleks Szczerbiak (23 April 2012). Poland within the European Union: New Awkward Partner or New Heart of Europe?. CRC Press. pp. 1904–1905. ISBN 978-1-134-17902-2. Retrieved 7 March 2013.
  4. ^ a b c d e Piotr A. Maciążek, Słownik Polityki Wschodniej, Template:Pdf
  5. ^ a b c d "The Giedroyc era ended in foreign policy". Liberte World. 2011-03-08. Retrieved 2013-03-07.
  6. ^ a b c d Andreas Lorek (February 2009). Poland's Role in the Development of an 'Eastern Dimension' of the European Union. GRIN Verlag. pp. 23–24. ISBN 978-3-640-25671-6. Retrieved 7 March 2013.
  7. ^ O Giedroycia sporu nie ma. Rozmowa z Radosławem Sikorskim. In: Nowa Europa Wschodnia 1/2010, p. 69–77 Template:Pdf
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