Red złoty: Difference between revisions

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Red złoty (Template:Lang-pl; also known as Polish ducats or florins) refers to circulating gold coins minted in the Kingdom of Poland (later, the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth) from 1526 to 1831.^[1]^[2] Whereas złoty means simply gold in Polish, czerwony (red) was used to specify the gold coins.^[2]^[3]

Background

The earliest minting of Polish gold coins dates from the 14th century (1320s and 1330s) and the reign of Władysław I the Elbow-high; no more gold coins were produced in Poland until the late 15th century and the reign of Alexander Jagiellon.^[2] The red złoty was different from the Polish złoty proper, which was the money of account adopted during Alexander's reign in 1496.^[1] To combat the confusion and inflation resulting from the different coinage used in the Kingdom of Poland, Sigismund I the Old around 1526-1528 introduced further monetary reform, which included increased minting of the red złoty in Kraków.^[2]^[4] From 1528 the new coinage was used in Prussia, and in 1569 (following the Union of Lublin and the formation of the Commonwealth), in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.^[4] The last Polish red złoty were the so-called "insurgent ducats" minted at the Warsaw mint in 1831, on the eve of the November Uprising.^[2]^[5]

Mint and value

The red złoty was minted at 3.5 grams of gold.^[4] There was also a silver złoty, worth 23.1 grams of silver.^[4] In 1526 a monetary scale was introduced in which 1 złoty = 5 szostaki = 10 trojaki = 30 groszy = 90 szlągi = 180 ternarii = 540 denarii.^[4]

The value of one red złoty in terms of accounting złotys increased in time, while at te same time the amount of silver found in the grosz decreased.^[6]^[4] for example, in the 16th century the red złoty's value rose from the initial 30 grosze to almost twice that in just a few decades;^[7] in the mid-17th century it was worth six accounting Polish złoty (180 groszy),^[8] while in late 18th century, one red złoty was worth about 18 Polish accounting złoty (or 540 groszy).^[9]^[10]

References

^ ^a ^b Robert I. Frost (11 March 2004). After the Deluge: Poland-Lithuania and the Second Northern War, 1655-1660. Cambridge University Press. p. 16. ISBN 978-0-521-54402-3. Retrieved 14 March 2013.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Zygmunt Gloger, Encyklopedia staropolska, Dukat, 1900—1903
^ Słownik języka polskiego: A-F. W. drukarni XX. Piiarów. 1807. p. 365. Retrieved 14 March 2013.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Norman Davies (24 February 2005). God's Playground A History of Poland: Volume 1: The Origins to 1795. Oxford University Press. pp. 103–104. ISBN 978-0-19-925339-5. Retrieved 14 March 2013.
^ Kustosz Muzeum Zbiór Monet. "Dukat powstańczy 1831 – kilka słów o pięknej monecie…". Gazeta Kolekcjonera. Retrieved 2013-03-14.
^ Andrzej Jezierski (2003). Historia Gospodarcza Polski. Key Text Wydawnictwo. p. 32. ISBN 978-83-87251-71-0. Retrieved 16 March 2013.
^ Jerzy Samuel Bandtkie (1835). Dzieje narodu polskiego. U Wilhelma Bogumiła Korna. p. 6. Retrieved 14 March 2013.
^ Peter Paul Bajer (2 March 2012). Scots in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, 16th to 18th Centuries: The Formation and Disappearance of an Ethnic Group. BRILL. p. 28. ISBN 978-90-04-21247-3. Retrieved 14 March 2013.
^ Laurence Senelick (25 January 1991). National Theatre in Northern and Eastern Europe, 1746-1900. Cambridge University Press. p. 191. ISBN 978-0-521-24446-6. Retrieved 14 March 2013.
^ Edward Dąbrowa (ed.). Scripta Judaica Cracoviensia, vol. 9. Wydawnictwo UJ. p. 57. ISBN 978-83-233-3272-5. Retrieved 14 March 2013. {{cite book}}: |author= has generic name (help)

External links

Grzegorz Wójtowicz, The Origin and History of the Polish Money. Part I, Bank i Kredyt, listopad-grudzien 2006

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 ==Background==
-The earliest Polish gold coinage dates from the 14th century (1320s and 1330s) and the reign of [[Władysław I the Elbow-high]]; no more gold coins were minted in Poland until the late 15th century and the reign of [[Alexander Jagiellon]].<ref name=dukatgloger/> The red złoty was different from the Polish [[złoty]] proper, which was the [[money of account]] adopted during Alexander's reign in 1496.<ref name="Frost2004-16"/> To combat the confusion and [[inflation]] resulting from the different coinage used in the Kingdom of Poland, [[Sigismund I the Old]] around 1526-1528 introduced further monetary reform, which included increased minting of the red złoty in [[Kraków]].<ref name=dukatgloger/><ref name="Davies2005=103">{{cite book|author=Norman Davies|title=God's Playground A History of Poland: Volume 1: The Origins to 1795|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=b912JnKpYTkC&pg=PA103|accessdate=14 March 2013|date=24 February 2005|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-925339-5|pages=103–104}}</ref> From 1528 the new coinage was used in [[Prussia]], and in 1569 (following the [[Union of Lublin]] and the formation of the Commonwealth), in the [[Grand Duchy of Lithuania]].<ref name="Davies2005=103"/> The last Polish red złoty were the so-called "insurgent ducats" minted at the [[Warsaw mint]] in 1831, on the eve of the [[November Uprising]].<ref name=dukatgloger/><ref name="myvimu"/>
+The earliest minting of Polish gold coins dates from the 14th century (1320s and 1330s) and the reign of [[Władysław I the Elbow-high]]; no more gold coins were produced in Poland until the late 15th century and the reign of [[Alexander Jagiellon]].<ref name=dukatgloger/> The red złoty was different from the Polish [[złoty]] proper, which was the [[money of account]] adopted during Alexander's reign in 1496.<ref name="Frost2004-16"/> To combat the confusion and [[inflation]] resulting from the different coinage used in the Kingdom of Poland, [[Sigismund I the Old]] around 1526-1528 introduced further monetary reform, which included increased minting of the red złoty in [[Kraków]].<ref name=dukatgloger/><ref name="Davies2005=103">{{cite book|author=Norman Davies|title=God's Playground A History of Poland: Volume 1: The Origins to 1795|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=b912JnKpYTkC&pg=PA103|accessdate=14 March 2013|date=24 February 2005|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-925339-5|pages=103–104}}</ref> From 1528 the new coinage was used in [[Prussia]], and in 1569 (following the [[Union of Lublin]] and the formation of the Commonwealth), in the [[Grand Duchy of Lithuania]].<ref name="Davies2005=103"/> The last Polish red złoty were the so-called "insurgent ducats" minted at the [[Warsaw mint]] in 1831, on the eve of the [[November Uprising]].<ref name=dukatgloger/><ref name="myvimu"/>
 ==Mint and value==