Mutasarrifate of Jerusalem: Difference between revisions
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The administrative area previously functioned as a ''[[sanjak]]'' within the [[Syria Vilayet]] (created in 1864, following the [[Tanzimat]] reforms). |
The administrative area previously functioned as a ''[[sanjak]]'' within the [[Syria Vilayet]] (created in 1864, following the [[Tanzimat]] reforms). |
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Towards the end of the 19th century, |
Towards the end of the 19th century, the idea that the region of Palestine or the Mutasarifate of Jerusalem formed a separate entity became widespread among the district's educated Arab classes. In 1904, former Jerusalem official Najib Azuri formed in [[Paris, France]] the ''Ligue de la Patrie Arabe'' ("League of Arab Patriots") whose goal was to free [[Ottoman Syria]] and Iraq from Turkish domination. In 1908 Najib Azuri proposed the elevation of the ''mutassarifate'' to the status of ''[[vilayet]]'' to the [[Ottoman Parliament]].<ref name="Jankowski174"/> |
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The area was conquered by the [[Allied Forces]] in 1917 during [[World War I]] and a military [[Occupied Enemy Territory Administration]] (OETA South) set up to replace the Ottoman administration. OETA South consisted of the Ottoman sanjaks of Jerusalem, Nablus and Acre. The military administration was replaced by a British civilian administration in 1920 and became part of the [[British Mandate of Palestine]] in 1923.<ref name="Beshara"/> |
The area was conquered by the [[Allied Forces]] in 1917 during [[World War I]] and a military [[Occupied Enemy Territory Administration]] (OETA South) set up to replace the Ottoman administration. OETA South consisted of the Ottoman sanjaks of Jerusalem, Nablus and Acre. The military administration was replaced by a British civilian administration in 1920 and became part of the [[British Mandate of Palestine]] in 1923.<ref name="Beshara"/> |
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Revision as of 03:11, 28 March 2013
| Mutasarrifate of Jerusalem Kudüs-i Şerif Mutasarrıflığı | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Territory of the Ottoman Empire | |||||||||
| 1872–1917 | |||||||||
.svg) | |||||||||
.png) Mutasarrifate of Jerusalem in 1900 | |||||||||
| Capital | Jerusalem | ||||||||
| Area | |||||||||
• 1862[2] | 12,486 km2 (4,821 sq mi) | ||||||||
| Population | |||||||||
• 1897[1] | 298,653 | ||||||||
| History | |||||||||
• Established | 1872 | ||||||||
| 1917 | |||||||||
| |||||||||
| Today part of |  Israel Jordan Egypt | ||||||||
The Mutasarrifate of Jerusalem (Template:Lang-ota; Template:Lang-ar), also known as the Sanjak of Jerusalem was an Ottoman district with special administrative status established in 1872.[3][4][5] The district encompassed Jerusalem as well as the other major cities of Gaza, Jaffa, Hebron, Bethlehem and Beersheba.[6] Together with the Sanjak of Nablus and Sanjak of Acre, it formed the region that was commonly referred to as "Southern Syria" during the late Ottoman period.[7]
The district was first separated from Damascus and placed directly under Istanbul in 1841,[4] and formally created as an independent province in 1872 by Grand Vizier Mahmud Nedim Pasha.[4] Scholars provide a variety of reasons for the changes, including increased European interest in the region, and strengthening of the southern border of the Empire against the Khedivate of Egypt.[4]
The political status of the Mutasarrifate of Jerusalem was unique to other Ottoman province since it came under the direct authority of the state capital Istanbul.[5] The inhabitants identified themselves primarily on religious terms.[7] However, the relative independence of the district combined with European interests in the area affected the local population's idea of belonging to a country. The district's villages were normally inhabited by farmers while its towns were populated by merchants, artisans, landowners and money-lenders. The elite consisted of the religious leadership, wealthy landlords and high-ranking civil servants.[7]
It was common at the time to refer to the Jerusalem District as "Palestine".[3]
History
.jpg)
The administrative area previously functioned as a sanjak within the Syria Vilayet (created in 1864, following the Tanzimat reforms).
Towards the end of the 19th century, the idea that the region of Palestine or the Mutasarifate of Jerusalem formed a separate entity became widespread among the district's educated Arab classes. In 1904, former Jerusalem official Najib Azuri formed in Paris, France the Ligue de la Patrie Arabe ("League of Arab Patriots") whose goal was to free Ottoman Syria and Iraq from Turkish domination. In 1908 Najib Azuri proposed the elevation of the mutassarifate to the status of vilayet to the Ottoman Parliament.[5]
The area was conquered by the Allied Forces in 1917 during World War I and a military Occupied Enemy Territory Administration (OETA South) set up to replace the Ottoman administration. OETA South consisted of the Ottoman sanjaks of Jerusalem, Nablus and Acre. The military administration was replaced by a British civilian administration in 1920 and became part of the British Mandate of Palestine in 1923.[6]
Administrative divisions
Kazas of the Mutasarrifate:[8]
- Kaza of Kudüs (Jerusalem)
- Kaza of Yafa (Jaffa)
- Kaza of Birü's Seb'a (Beersheba)
- Kaza of Gazze (Gaza)
- Kaza of Halilü'r Rahman (Hebron)
See also
References
- ^ Mutlu, Servet. "Late Ottoman population and its ethnic distribution" (PDF). pp. 29–31. Corrected population for Mortality Level=8.
- ^ "The Popular encyclopedia: or, conversations lexicon, Volume 6". 1862. p. 698.
- ^ a b Hamidian Palestine: Politics and Society in the District of Jerusalem 1872-1908, By Johann Büssow, p5
- ^ a b c d “The Rise of the Sanjak of Jerusalem in the Late Nineteenth Century”, Butrus Abu Manneh in The Israel/Palestine Question: A Reader, By Ilan Pappé, p36
- ^ a b c Jankowski, 1997, p. 174.
- ^ a b Beshara, 2012, Part 1.
- ^ a b c El-Hasan, 2010, p. 38.
- ^ Kudüs-i Şerif Mutasarrıflığı | Tarih ve Medeniyet
Bibliography
- Beshara, Adel (2012). The Origins of Syrian Nationhood: Histories, Pioneers and Identity. CRC Press. ISBN 1136724508.
- El-Hasan, Hasan Afif (2010). Israel Or Palestine? Is the Two-state Solution Already Dead?: A Political and Military History of the Palestinian-Israeli Conflict. Algora Publishing. ISBN 0875867936.
- Jankowski, James P. (1997). Rethinking Nationalism in the Arab Middle East. Columbia University Press. ISBN 0231106955.