Dorsal nexus

“Dorsal nexus”

Summary

Anatomy and functions

-Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and lateral parietal cortex range connective task (Maletic, V.)

- The normal anatomy of brain networks : the cognitive control network, default mode network, and affective network (Sheline, Y// Maletic, V.)

Dorsal nexus and depression

a. Abnormal structure

-Anatomical and functional differences of the neural networks (Norbury, R.)

-Increased default mode network connectivity mediated via a región of the dorso media prefrontal cortex may underline the characteristics of depression(Lanfranco,R)

b. Depression sympthoms

- Task positive, task negative and affective network damage are the consequence sympthoms seen in depression. (Norbury , R.)

Diagnosis

c. Neuroimaging -MRI, PET (scans) (Sheline, Y.// UHN) -They permit explore the structure and functions of the human brain. (UHN) -MRI has served to determine the relation between the brain networks and regions, with the depression state. ( Sheline, Y.)

Treatment

d. Drugs -Antidepressants  ketamine and glutamate (Scheidegger) -Ketamine has been used as a treatment for depression because it acts as a receptor antagonist of the glutamate that has the propertie and function as the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain (Walter, M.) -Glutamate modulate NMDA receptors antagonist ketamine. (Scheidegger) e. ECT -Electroconvulsive therapy (Valeo, T.//Norton, E.) - The use of ECT as a therapy providing a new breakthrough in the treatment of this disease. (Valeo, T.) - The electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) has been used as a treatment for depression, to relieve patients symptoms since 1930s (Norton, E.)