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Coordinates: 55°9′N 61°24′E / 55.150°N 61.400°E / 55.150; 61.400
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*[[Valery Gopin]] (born 1964), handball player, [[1988 Summer Olympics|1988]] and [[1992 Summer Olympics|1992]] Olympic champion
*[[Valery Gopin]] (born 1964), handball player, [[1988 Summer Olympics|1988]] and [[1992 Summer Olympics|1992]] Olympic champion
*[[Mikhail Yurevich]] (born 1969), politician, governor of the [[Chelyabinsk Oblast]] since 2010, born in Chelyabinsk and graduated from [[South Ural State University]]
*[[Mikhail Yurevich]] (born 1969), politician, governor of the [[Chelyabinsk Oblast]] since 2010, born in Chelyabinsk and graduated from [[South Ural State University]]
*[[Yelena Yelesina]] (born 1970), hgigh jumper, [[2000 Olympics]] gold medalist, born and grew up in Chelyabinsk
*[[Yelena Yelesina]] (born 1970), high jumper, [[2000 Olympics]] gold medalist, born and grew up in Chelyabinsk
*[[Maksim Surayev]] (born 1972), cosmonaut, born in Chelyabinsk
*[[Maksim Surayev]] (born 1972), cosmonaut, born in Chelyabinsk
*[[Eugene Roshal]], software developer, creator of RAR file format and WinRAR archiver, born in Chelyabinsk, graduated from [[South Ural State University]]
*[[Eugene Roshal]], software developer, creator of RAR file format and WinRAR archiver, born in Chelyabinsk, graduated from [[South Ural State University]]

Revision as of 14:56, 27 April 2013

This article is about a major city in Russia. For the town previously known as Chelyabinsk-40 and Chelyabinsk-65, see Ozyorsk, Chelyabinsk Oblast.
Chelyabinsk
Челябинск
City[1]
A pedestrian street in central Chelyabinsk
A pedestrian street in central Chelyabinsk
Flag of Chelyabinsk
Flag
Coat of arms of Chelyabinsk
Coat of arms
Location of Chelyabinsk
Map
Chelyabinsk is located in Russia
Chelyabinsk
Chelyabinsk
Location of Chelyabinsk
Chelyabinsk is located in Chelyabinsk Oblast
Chelyabinsk
Chelyabinsk
Chelyabinsk (Chelyabinsk Oblast)
Coordinates: 55°9′N 61°24′E / 55.150°N 61.400°E / 55.150; 61.400
CountryRussia
Federal subjectChelyabinsk Oblast
Founded1736
Government
 • BodyCouncil
 • HeadStanislav Mosharov
Elevation
220 m (720 ft)
Population
 (2010 Census)[2]
 • Total
1,130,132
 • Estimate 
(2018)[3]
1,202,371 (+6.4%)
 • Rank9th in 2010
 • Subordinated toCity of Chelyabinsk[1]
 • Capital ofChelyabinsk Oblast,[1] City of Chelyabinsk[1]
 • Urban okrugChelyabinsky Urban Okrug[1]
 • Capital ofChelyabinsky Urban Okrug[1]
Time zoneUTC+5 (MSK+2 Edit this on Wikidata[4])
Postal code(s)[5]
454xxx
Dialing code(s)+7 351[6]
OKTMO ID75701000001
City Day13 September

Chelyabinsk (Russian: Челябинск, IPA: [tɕɪˈlʲæbʲɪnsk] ⓘ) is a city and the administrative center of Chelyabinsk Oblast, Russia, located in the northeast of the oblast, 210 kilometers (130 mi) south of Yekaterinburg, just to the east of the Ural Mountains, on the Miass River, on the border of Europe and Asia.[7][8][9] Population: 1,130,132 (2010 Census);[2] 1,077,174 (2002 Census);[10] 1,141,777 (1989 Soviet census).[11]

History

The fortress of Chelyaba, from which the city takes its name, was founded in the place of a Bashkir village Chelyaby by a colonel Alexey (Kutlu-Muhammed) Tevkelev to protect the surrounding trade routes from possible attacks by Bashkir outlaws. During the Pugachev's Rebellion the fortress withstood a siege by the rebel forces in 1774, but was eventually captured for several months in 1775. In 1782, as a part of the Ufa Viceroyalty that was later reformed into the Orenburg Governorate, Chelyabinsk became a center of a its own uyezd and finally was granted with a town status and its current name in 1787.

Until the late 19th century Chelyabinsk was a small provincial town. In 1892 the Samara-Zlatoust railway that connected it with Moscow and the rest of European Russia was completed. At the same the construction of the Trans-Siberian Railway started, in 1896 the city was tied with Yekaterinburg. Soon Chelyabinsk started turning into a major trade center, its population reached 20,000 inhabitants by 1897, 45,000 by 1913 and 70,000 by 1917.

For several months during the Russian Civil War, Chelyabinsk was held by the White movement and Czechoslovak Legions, becoming a center for splinters of the Romanian Volunteer Corps in Russia. The city later fell to Bolshevik Russian forces. In September 1919 a new Chelyabinsk Governorate was created out of the eastern parts of the Orenburg Governorate and the south-west of the Tobolsk Governorate. It lasted only til 1923 when it was absorbed into the Ural Oblast established as a part of the Soviet administrative reform.

During the first Five-Year Plans of the 1930s Chelyabinsk experienced rapid industrial growth. Several establishments, including the Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant and the Chelyabinsk Metallurgical Plant, were built at this time. During World War II, Joseph Stalin decided to move a large part of Soviet factory production to places out of the way of the advancing German armies in late 1941. This brought new industries and thousands of workers to Chelyabinsk—still essentially a small city. Several enormous facilities for the production of T-34 tanks and Katyusha rocket launchers existed in Chelyabinsk, which became known as "Tankograd" (Tank City). Chelyabinsk was essentially built from scratch during this time. A small town existed before this, signs of which can be found in the centre of the city. The S.M. Kirov Factory no. 185 moved here from Leningrad to produce heavy tanks — it was transferred to Omsk after 1962.

2013 meteor

Main article: Chelyabinsk meteor

Shortly after dawn on 15 February 2013, a superbolide meteor descended at over 55,000 kilometers per hour (34,000 mph) over the Ural Mountains, exploding at an altitude of 25–30 km (16–19 miles)[dubious – discuss] in a momentary flash as bright as the sun and generating a shockwave that injured more than 1,000 people. Fragments fell in and around Chelyabinsk. Interior Ministry spokesman Vadim Kolesnikov said 1,100 people had called for medical assistance following the incident, mostly for treatment of injuries from glass broken by the explosions. One woman suffered a broken spine.[12] Kolesnikov also said about 600 square meters (6,000 sq ft) of a roof at a zinc factory had collapsed. A spokeswoman for the Emergency Ministry told the Associated Press that there was a meteor shower, but another ministry spokeswoman was quoted by the Interfax news agency as saying it was a single meteor.[13][14][15] The size has been estimated at 17 m diameter with a mass of 10,000[16][17] or 11,000[18] tonnes.

Administrative and municipal status

Chelyabinsk is the administrative center of the oblast.[1] Within the framework of administrative divisions, it is incorporated as the City of Chelyabinsk—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.[1] As a municipal division, the City of Chelyabinsk is incorporated as Chelyabinsky Urban Okrug.[1]

Climate

Climate data for Chelyabinsk
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) −10.5
(13.1) 		−7.9
(17.8) 		1.0
(33.8) 		10.6
(51.1) 		20.3
(68.5) 		23.9
(75.0) 		25.2
(77.4) 		23.6
(74.5) 		17.2
(63.0) 		9.3
(48.7) 		−0.4
(31.3) 		−6.9
(19.6) 		8.8
(47.8)
Daily mean °C (°F) −14.1
(6.6) 		−12.5
(9.5) 		−4.8
(23.4) 		4.7
(40.5) 		12.1
(53.8) 		18.3
(64.9) 		19.3
(66.7) 		17.1
(62.8) 		10.9
(51.6) 		4.1
(39.4) 		−5.2
(22.6) 		−11.1
(12.0) 		3.2
(37.8)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −19.0
(−2.2) 		−18.9
(−2.0) 		−9.3
(15.3) 		−0.3
(31.5) 		7.9
(46.2) 		12.9
(55.2) 		14.5
(58.1) 		13.5
(56.3) 		7.6
(45.7) 		1.3
(34.3) 		−5.9
(21.4) 		−14.6
(5.7) 		−0.9
(30.4)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 17
(0.7) 		16
(0.6) 		19
(0.7) 		27
(1.1) 		47
(1.9) 		55
(2.2) 		87
(3.4) 		44
(1.7) 		41
(1.6) 		30
(1.2) 		26
(1.0) 		21
(0.8) 		430
(16.9)
Average precipitation days 6 4 4 5 7 9 10 9 7 8 7 7 83
Average relative humidity (%) 85 77 76 66 61 64 69 71 73 73 82 83 73
Source 1: Pogoda.ru.net[19]
Source 2: World Meteorological Organization (precipitation days only)[20]

Education

There are over a dozen universities in Chelyabinsk. The oldest, Chelyabinsk State Agroengineering Academy, was founded in 1930. It was followed by the Chelyabinsk State Pedagogical University in 1934. The main ones are South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk State University and Chelyabinsk Medical Academy. After the World War II Chelyabinsk became the main center of vocational education of the entire Ural region.

Economy

Chelyabinsk is one of the major industrial centers of Russia. Heavy industry predominates, especially metallurgy and military machinery, notably the Chelyabinsk Metallurgical Combinate (CMK, ChMK), Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant (CTZ, ChTZ), Chelyabinsk Electrode plant (CHEZ), Chelyabinsk Tube Rolling Plant (ChTPZ) and Chelyabinsk Forge-and-Press Plant (ChKPZ).

Transportation

Planned metro network

Public transportation

Public transport of Chelyabinsk is represented by a bus lines network (since 1925), tram (1932) and trolleybus (1942) systems, as well as private marshrutka services.

Chelyabinsk Metro

Chelyabinsk started construction of a three-line subway network in the early 1980s. It is proceeding slowly using the New Austrian Tunneling method. Pending financing, the opening of the first section is scheduled for 2017.

Airport

The city is served by the Chelyabinsk Airport.

Sports

Several sports clubs are active in the city:

Club Sport Founded Current League League
Rank		 Stadium
Traktor Chelyabinsk Ice Hockey 1947 Kontinental Hockey League 1st Traktor Arena
Chelmet Chelyabinsk Ice Hockey 1948 Higher Hockey League 2nd Yunost Sports Palace
Belye Medvedi Chelyabinsk Ice Hockey 2009 Minor Hockey League Jr. 1st Traktor Arena
FC Chelyabinsk Football 1977 Russian Second Division 3rd Central Stadium
Sintur Chelyabinsk Futsal 1997 Futsal Supreme League 2nd USURT Sports Complex
Avtodor-Metar Chelyabinsk Volleyball 1976 Woman's Volleyball Supreme League 2nd Metar-Yunost Sports Palace

Notable people

Further information: Category:People from Chelyabinsk

Ice hockey players

International relations

See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Russia

Twin towns and sister cities

Chelyabinsk is twinned with:[21]

References

Notes

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i Resolution #161
  2. ^ a b Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1 [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
  3. ^ "26. Численность постоянного населения Российской Федерации по муниципальным образованиям на 1 января 2018 года". Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved 23 January 2019.
  4. ^ "Об исчислении времени". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). 3 June 2011. Retrieved 19 January 2019.
  5. ^ "Information about central postal office" (in Russian).
  6. ^ "Russian Federation Cities dialing codes" (ZIP 34.4KB) (in Russian).
  7. ^ "Investing in Chelyabinsk city". Invest in Russia. Retrieved 14 February 2013.
  8. ^ "Murzina" (PDF).
  9. ^ "Invest in Ural". Invest in Ural. Retrieved 14 February 2013.
  10. ^ Federal State Statistics Service (21 May 2004). Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian).
  11. ^ Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. 1989 – via Demoscope Weekly.
  12. ^ "Meteorite hits Russian Urals: Fireball explosion wreaks havoc, up to 1,200 injured (PHOTOS, VIDEO)". RT. 15 February 2013.
  13. ^ Plait, Phil (15 February 2013). "Breaking: Huge Meteor Blazes Across Sky Over Russia; Sonic Boom Shatters Windows [UPDATED]". Slate. Retrieved 15 February 2013.
  14. ^ "Meteor strikes Earth in Russia's Urals". Pravda. Retrieved 15 February 2013.
  15. ^ "400 Injured by Meteorite Falls in Russian Urals". Associated Press. Retrieved 15 February 2013.
  16. ^ Agle, D. C. (13 February 2013). "Russia Meteor Not Linked to Asteroid Flyby". NASA news. NASA. Retrieved 15 February 2013.
  17. ^ Sreeja, VN (4 March 2013). "New Asteroid '2013 EC' Similar To Russian Meteor To Pass Earth At A Distance Less Than Moon's Orbit". International Business Times. Retrieved 9 March 2013.
  18. ^ Yeomans, Don; Chodas, Paul (1 March 2013). "Additional Details on the Large Fireball Event over Russia on Feb. 15, 2013". NASA/JPL Near-Earth Object Program Office. Retrieved 2 March 2013.
  19. ^ "Weather and Climate (Погода и Климат – Климат Челябинска)" (in Russian). Pogoda.ru.net. Retrieved 13 December 2012.
  20. ^ "World Weather Information Service – Cheljabinsk". World Meteorological Organization. Retrieved 13 December 2012.
  21. ^ "Sister cities".

Sources

  • Законодательное Собрание Челябинской области. Постановление №161 от 25 мая 2006 г. «Об утверждении перечня муниципальных образований (административно-территориальных единиц) Челябинской области и населённых пунктов, входящих в их состав», в ред. Постановления №2255 от 23 октября 2014 г. «О внесении изменений в перечень муниципальных образований (административно-территориальных единиц) Челябинской области и населённых пунктов, входящих в их состав». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Южноуральская панорама", №111–112, 14 июня 2006 г. (Legislative Assembly of Chelyabinsk Oblast. Resolution #161 of November 25, 2006 On Adoption of the Registry of the Municipal Formations (Administrative-Territorial Units) of Chelyabinsk Oblast and of the Inhabited Localities They Comprise, as amended by the Resolution #2255 of October 23, 2014 On Amending the Registry of the Municipal Formations (Administrative-Territorial Units) of Chelyabinsk Oblast and of the Inhabited Localities They Comprise. Effective as of the official publication date.).
  • Lennart Samuelson, Tankograd. The Formation of a Soviet Company Town: Cheliabinsk, 1900s–1950s (Basingstoke, Palgrave Macmillan, 2011).

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