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Kyustendil: Difference between revisions

Coordinates: 42°17′N 22°41′E / 42.283°N 22.683°E / 42.283; 22.683
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Averages took from here http://www.stringmeteo.com/synop/tuti_avail.php?station=156010&submit=%CF%CE%CA%C0%C6%C8
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|metric first= 1
|metric first= 1
|single line= 1
|single line= 1
|location= Kyustendil, Bulgaria (1931-1970)
|location= Kyustendil, Bulgaria (1999-2012)
|Jan high C = 3.4
|Jan high C = 4.6
|Feb high C = 6.6
|Feb high C = 7.6
|Mar high C = 11.4
|Mar high C = 13.4
|Apr high C = 17.5
|Apr high C = 18.1
|May high C = 22.2
|May high C = 23.3
|Jun high C = 25.4
|Jun high C = 27.1
|Jul high C = 28.5
|Jul high C = 30.3
|Aug high C = 28.1
|Aug high C = 30.5
|Sep high C = 24.9
|Sep high C = 25
|Oct high C = 18.6
|Oct high C = 19.5
|Nov high C = 11.3
|Nov high C = 12.8
|Dec high C = 5.4
|Dec high C = 5.7
|year high C = 17
|year high C = 18.2
|Jan mean C = -0.8
|Jan mean C = -0.6
|Feb mean C = 1.7
|Feb mean C = 1.4
|Mar mean C = 5.7
|Mar mean C = 6.5
|Apr mean C = 11.4
|Apr mean C = 11.2
|May mean C = 16
|May mean C = 16
|Jun mean C = 19.5
|Jun mean C = 19.7
|Jul mean C = 21.8
|Jul mean C = 22.3
|Aug mean C = 21.5
|Aug mean C = 22
|Sep mean C = 17.4
|Sep mean C = 17.4
|Oct mean C = 11.8
|Oct mean C = 11.7
|Nov mean C = 6.7
|Nov mean C = 6.7
|Dec mean C = 1.7
|Dec mean C = 1.2
|year mean C = 11.2
|year mean C = 11.3
|Jan low C = −4.7
|Jan low C = −4.9
|Feb low C = −2.8
|Feb low C = −3.7
|Mar low C = 0.5
|Mar low C = 0.5
|Apr low C = 5.2
|Apr low C = 5.2
|May low C = 10.6
|May low C = 10.6
|Jun low C = 12.9
|Jun low C = 12.9
|Jul low C = 14.5
|Jul low C = 14.4
|Aug low C = 13.7
|Aug low C = 14.2
|Sep low C = 10.6
|Sep low C = 10.6
|Oct low C = 6.1
|Oct low C = 6.1
|Nov low C = 2.6
|Nov low C = 1.8
|Dec low C = −2.1
|Dec low C = −2.8
|year low C = 5.5
|year low C = 5.4


|Jan rain mm= 48
|Jan rain mm= 48
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|year rain mm=624
|year rain mm=624


|precipitation colour = green
|Jan rainy days = 8.4
|Feb rainy days = 7.5
|Mar rainy days = 7.4
|Apr rainy days = 7.9
|May rainy days = 8.5
|Jun rainy days = 6.7
|Jul rainy days = 4.6
|Aug rainy days = 4.8
|Sep rainy days = 5.4
|Oct rainy days = 6.4
|Nov rainy days = 7.4
|Dec rainy days = 11.6
|year total raining days=86.7

|precipitation colour = blue
|Jan snowy days = 10.8
|Feb snowy days = 8.4
|Mar snowy days = 2.6
|Apr snowy days = 0.4
|May snowy days = 0
|Jun snowy days = 0
|Jul snowy days = 0
|Aug snowy days = 0
|Sep snowy days = 0
|Oct snowy days = 0.1
|Nov snowy days = 1.6
|Dec snowy days = 9
|year total snowy days=33


|source 1 = Stringmeteo.com<ref name="climate">[http://www.stringmeteo.com/synop/bg_climate.php?pr=&n=1], Stringmeteo.com Retrieved February 24, 2012.</ref>
|source 1 = Stringmeteo.com<ref name="climate">[http://www.stringmeteo.com/synop/bg_climate.php?pr=&n=1], Stringmeteo.com Retrieved February 24, 2012.</ref>

Revision as of 02:25, 5 May 2013

42°17′N 22°41′E / 42.283°N 22.683°E / 42.283; 22.683

Kyustendil
Кюстендил
Coat of arms of Kyustendil
Coat of arms
CountryBulgaria
Province
(Oblast)		Kyustendil
Government
 • MayorPetar Paunov
Area
 • City
18.72 km2 (7.23 sq mi)
Elevation
513 m (1,683 ft)
Population
 (Census February 2011)
 • City
44,532
 • Density2,400/km2 (6,200/sq mi)
 • Urban
60,681
Time zoneUTC+2 (EET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+3 (EEST)
Postal Code
2500
Area code078
License plateKH

Kyustendil (Template:Lang-bg) is a town in the far west of Bulgaria, the capital of Kyustendil Province. Kyustendil is situated in the southern part of the Kyustendil Valley, 90 km southwest of Sofia, 130 km northeast of Skopje and 243 km north of Thessaloniki.

Etymology

The city was named after the last Christian lord of the surrounding region, Constantine Dragash.

Geography

Kyustendil is a national balneological resort at an altitude of 500 metres. The ancient name of the town, Pautalia (a town of springs) is Thracian.[1]

Climate

There are more than 40 mineral springs in the town. The waters have a high content of sulfite compounds. These are used for the treatment of the locomotory system, gynecological and other kinds of diseases. The resort region includes several baths, balneological complexes and others.

Kyustendil is located at the foot of the Osogovo mountain, on both banks of the Banska River and is a well-known centre of balneology and fruit growing. The town is 90 kilometres southwest of Sofia, 69 km northwest of Blagoevgrad and 22 km from the border with the Republic of Macedonia and Serbia. The fortress was built by the Romans. Thermae, basilicas, floor mosaics have been uncovered.

Climate data for Kyustendil, Bulgaria (1999-2012)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 4.6
(40.3) 		7.6
(45.7) 		13.4
(56.1) 		18.1
(64.6) 		23.3
(73.9) 		27.1
(80.8) 		30.3
(86.5) 		30.5
(86.9) 		25
(77) 		19.5
(67.1) 		12.8
(55.0) 		5.7
(42.3) 		18.2
(64.8)
Daily mean °C (°F) −0.6
(30.9) 		1.4
(34.5) 		6.5
(43.7) 		11.2
(52.2) 		16
(61) 		19.7
(67.5) 		22.3
(72.1) 		22
(72) 		17.4
(63.3) 		11.7
(53.1) 		6.7
(44.1) 		1.2
(34.2) 		11.3
(52.3)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −4.9
(23.2) 		−3.7
(25.3) 		0.5
(32.9) 		5.2
(41.4) 		10.6
(51.1) 		12.9
(55.2) 		14.4
(57.9) 		14.2
(57.6) 		10.6
(51.1) 		6.1
(43.0) 		1.8
(35.2) 		−2.8
(27.0) 		5.4
(41.7)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 48
(1.9) 		45
(1.8) 		42
(1.7) 		52
(2.0) 		68
(2.7) 		65
(2.6) 		54
(2.1) 		36
(1.4) 		38
(1.5) 		59
(2.3) 		62
(2.4) 		55
(2.2) 		624
(24.6)
Source: Stringmeteo.com[2]


History

A Thracian settlement was founded at the place of the modern town in the 5th-4th centuries BC and the Romans developed it into an important stronghold, balneological resort and trade junction called Pautalia in the 1st century AD. Many Thracian and Roman objects are exhibited in the city's Regional History Museum, most notably an impressive numismatic collection.

The Hisarlaka fortress was built in the 4th century and the town was mentioned under the Slavic name of Velbazhd (Велбъжд, meaning "camel")[1] in a 1019 charter by the Byzantine Emperor Basil II. It became a major religious and administrative centre.

Medieval Principality of Velbazhd

During the reign of Kaloyan of Bulgaria, the town became part of the Second Bulgarian Empire, acquiring its modern name in the 16th century, named after local feudal lord Konstantin Dragash (ruled from 1379 to 1395).[1] In 1330 the Battle of Velbazhd took place in the vicinity of the town. After that war, the city came under Serbian rule, which lasted between 1330-1355. About 1355 Velbazhd and its region were included in the semi-independent feudal Velbazhd principality of Despot Deyan. In 1372 the Turks conquered the town. It was known as Köstendil under Ottoman rule. The name Köstendil was derived from Constantine Dragas' name. The city was a sanjak centre initially in Rumelia province, after that in the Bitola and Niš vilayets. It was a kaza centre in the Sofia sanjak of Danube Province until the creation of the Principality of Bulgaria in 1878.

The residents of Kyustendil took an active part in the Bulgarian National Revival and crafts and trade flourished. The town was liberated from Ottoman rule on 29 January 1878.

Population

Ethnic linguistic and religious composition

According to the latest 2011 census data, the individuals declared their ethnic identity were distributed as follows:[3][4]

  • Bulgarians: 36,732 (86.7%)
  • Roma: 5,179 (12.2%)
  • Turks: 21 (0.0%)
  • Others: 143 (0.3%)
  • Indefinable: 296 (0.7%)
    • Undeclared: 2,161 (4.9%)

Total: 44,532

There is a large concentration of Roma within the city limits as the Roma are 5179 in the city and 5210 in the municipality, while the Bulgarian elements are 36732 in the city and 52496 in the municipality. Kyustendil is also the administartive center in Bulgaria with the largest percentage of Roma.

Honours

Kyustendil Ridge in Graham Land, Antarctica is named after the city,[5] and Pautalia Glacier on Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica is named after Pautalia (its Thracian ancestor settlement).[6]

Notable people

References

  1. ^ a b c Adrian Room, "Placenames of the World" ISBN 0-7864-2248-3 McFarland & Company (2005)
  2. ^ [1], Stringmeteo.com Retrieved February 24, 2012.
  3. ^ Template:Bg icon Population on 01.02.2011 by provinces, municipalities, settlements and age; National Statistical Institute
  4. ^ Population by province, municipality, settlement and ethnic identification, by 01.02.2011; Bulgarian National Statistical Institute Template:Bg icon
  5. ^ Kyustendil Ridge. SCAR Composite Antarctic Gazetteer.
  6. ^ Pautalia Glacier. SCAR Composite Antarctic Gazetteer.


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