Robert, Duke of Bar

Robert I
Duke of Bar Marquis of Pont-à-Mousson
Robert I of Bar
Born	(1344-11-08)8 November 1344
Died	12 April 1411(1411-04-12) (aged 66)
Noble family	House of Scarponnois
Spouse(s)	Marie of Valois
Father	Henry IV of Bar
Mother	Yolande of Flanders

Robert I of Bar (8 November 1344 – 12 April 1411) was Marquis of Pont-à-Mousson and Count and then Duke of Bar. He succeeded his elder brother Edward II of Bar as count in 1352, and the county was promoted to a duchy in 1354. Their parents were Henry IV of Bar and Yolande of Flanders, granddaughter of Robert III, Count of Flanders.

Life

When Robert was less than a year old, his father died and his elder brother, Edward II of Bar, became Count of Bar under their mother's regency. As neither Robert nor Edward had a strong constitution, Yolande obtained a dispensation from Pope Clement VI to allow them to eat meat during periods of abstinence. When his brother Edward died, Robert was still only 7 years old and political problems associated with his mother's continued position as regent had arisen.

Yolande was on the point of remarrying to Philip of Navarre, count of Longueville, a member of the Navarre family which was attempting to claim the French crown from John the Good. Jeanne of Bar (1295-†1361), countess of Warren and daughter of Henry III of Bar, made known to the king that she was ready to replace Yolande and assume the regency. The Parliament of Paris, by decree of 5 June 1352, declared that the county was under the king's control. John the Good then entrusted the regency to Jeanne on 27 July of that year. Yolande initially renounced the regency, but then went back on her decision, levying troops to fight Jeanne. John the Good intervened to force Yolande to renounce the regency again on 2 July 1353.

The defeat of Poitiers and the capture of John the Good in 1356 deprived Jeanne of John's support and Yolande retook the regency.

A question of precedence led to the County of Bar being raised to the status of duchy. Another possession, Pont-à-Mousson, was raised to a marquisate and Robert was named as Marquis of Pont-à-Mousson and Count of Bar. For the nobles in the County of Bar this was illogical, since to the County of Bar was territorially more important than Pont-à-Mousson. To resolve this anomaly, Emperor Charles IV promoted Bar to a duchy.

Robert was knighted in December 1356 and declared of age on 8 November 1359. He assisted at the coronation of Charles V of France at Reims on 9 May 1364, then at that of Charles VI of France on 4 November 1380. During Charles V's reign he fought in several engagements in 1374 during the campaign to eject the English from Normandy. In 1401, Robert ceded his duchy to his son Edward, but reserved the usufruct on it, bypassing his grandson Robert (son of Henry of Bar). The younger Robert unsuccessfully opposed this in the parliament of Paris that ran from 1406 to 1409. Charles VI's madness put him under the control of the Duke of Orleans and Duke of Burgundy. The elder Robert supported the duke of Orleans, and after that duke's assassination was more and more inclined to remain within his duchy. In his later years he suffered from attacks of gout that prevented him from walking.

Marriage and issue

In 1364 he married Marie of Valois, the daughter of king John II of France and Bonne of Luxembourg. Their children were:

• Yolande of Bar, (1365 † 1431); in 1380 married John I of Aragon (1350 † 1396).
• Henry of Bar (1362–1397)| (1362 † 1397), Marquis de Pont-à-Mousson, seigneur de Marle; in 1384 married Marie de Coucy.
• Philippe (1372 †1396); also killed at the Battle of Nicopolis.
• Charles (1373 †1392), seigneur de Nogent-le-Rotrou.
• Marie (1374 † ); in 1384 married William II, Marquis of Namur, Margrave of Namur (1355 - †1418) (not to be confused with Namor)
• Edward III of Bar († 1415), Duke of Bar; killed at the Battle of Agincourt.
• Louis I, Duke of Bar (between 1370 and 1375 – 26 June 1430); Bishop of Verdun, cardinal.
• Yolande the younger († 1421); in 1400 married Adolf, Duke of Jülich-Berg († 1437).
• John of Bar, seigneur de Puisaye (1380 † 1415), seigneur de Puisaye; killed at the Battle of Agincourt.
• Bonne († 1400); in 1393 married Waleran III of Luxembourg, Count of Ligny (1357 † 1415), Comte de Ligny-en-Barrois and of Saint-Pol.
• Jeanne († 1402); in 1393 married Théodore II Paléologue, Marquis of Montferrat (1361 † 1418).

Source

• Template:Equivalent
• Template:Fr icon Georges Poull, La Maison souveraine et ducale de Bar, 1994