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| rev9Score = {{Rating|3|4}}<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/life/music/reviews/2008-11-25-britney-spears-circus_N.htm |title=Britney Spears maximizes her pop appeal in 'Circus'|author=Steve Jones|newspaper=USAToday|publisher=Gannett Company|date=November 26, 2008|accessdate=April 7, 2013}}</ref>
| rev9Score = {{Rating|3|4}}<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/life/music/reviews/2008-11-25-britney-spears-circus_N.htm |title=Britney Spears maximizes her pop appeal in 'Circus'|author=Steve Jones|newspaper=USAToday|publisher=Gannett Company|date=November 26, 2008|accessdate=April 7, 2013}}</ref>
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At [[Metacritic]], which assigns a [[Standard score|normalized]] rating out of 100 to reviews from [[music criticism|mainstream critics]], ''Circus'' received an [[Weighted mean|average]] score of 64, based on 22 reviews, indicating "generally favorable reviews".<ref name=metacritc>{{cite web|url=http://www.metacritic.com/music/circus|title=Circus Reviews, Ratings, Credits, and More at Metacritic |work=Metacritic. CBS Interactive|accessdate=August 7, 2011}}</ref> Genevieve Koski of ''[[The A.V. Club]]'' noted that Spears "reaches the highest heights of shiny dance music" when accompanied by her tracks' elaborate productions.<ref>{{cite web|author=Genevieve Koski|url=http://www.avclub.com/articles/britney-spears-circus,6704/|title=Britney Spears: Circus &#124; Music &#124; Music Review |work=The A.V. Club|publisher=The Onion, Inc|date=December 8, 2008|accessdate=August 7, 2011}}</ref> ''[[Rolling Stone]]''{{'}}s Caryn Ganz opined that the album could have been a satisfactory successor to her third album ''[[In the Zone]]'' (2003).<ref name="RS">{{cite web|author=By&nbsp;Caryn Ganz |url=http://www.rollingstone.com/music/albumreviews/circus-20081212 |title=Circus by Britney Spears|work=Rolling Stone|publisher=Jann Wenner|date=December 12, 2008|accessdate=August 7, 2011}}</ref> ''[[The New York Times]]'' felt that ''Circus'' contained "crisp" material that incorporated "catchy melodic interludes".<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/01/arts/music/01choi.html | work=The New York Times | title=New CDs | date=December 1, 2008}}</ref> [[Robert Christgau]] gave the album a two-star honorable mention ({{Rating-Christgau|hm2}}), stating that it was "still fun more often than not".<ref>{{cite web|author=Robert Christgau|authorlink=Robert Christgau|url=http://www.robertchristgau.com/get_artist.php?name=britney+spears |title=CG: Britney Spears |work=RobertChristgau.com|accessdate=July 5, 2012}}</ref> Nick Levine of [[Digital Spy]] identified the record as a sequel to ''[[Blackout (Britney Spears album)|Blackout]]'' (2007) and recognized an increasingly "confident" Spears that used less synthesizers in the music's production.<ref name="Levine">{{cite web | url=http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/music/thesound/a135219/notes-on-the-new-britney-album.html|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20121024075822/http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/music/thesound/a135219/notes-on-the-new-britney-album.html|title= Notes on the new Britney album|author=Nick Levine| work=[[Digital Spy]]|date=November 10, 2008|archivedate=October 24, 2012|accessdate=April 7, 2013}}</ref>
At [[Metacritic]], which assigns a [[Standard score|normalized]] rating out of 100 to reviews from [[music criticism|mainstream critics]], ''Circus'' received an [[Weighted mean|average]] score of 64, based on 22 reviews, indicating "generally favorable reviews".<ref name=metacritc>{{cite web|url=http://www.metacritic.com/music/circus|title=Circus Reviews, Ratings, Credits, and More at Metacritic |work=Metacritic. CBS Interactive|accessdate=August 7, 2011}}</ref> Genevieve Koski of ''[[The A.V. Club]]'' noted that Spears "reaches the highest heights of shiny dance music" when accompanied by her tracks' elaborate productions.<ref>{{cite web|author=Genevieve Koski|url=http://www.avclub.com/articles/britney-spears-circus,6704/|title=Britney Spears: Circus &#124; Music &#124; Music Review |work=The A.V. Club|publisher=The Onion, Inc|date=December 8, 2008|accessdate=August 7, 2011}}</ref> ''[[Rolling Stone]]''{{'}}s Caryn Ganz opined that the album could have been a satisfactory successor to her fourth album ''[[In the Zone]]'' (2003).<ref name="RS">{{cite web|author=By&nbsp;Caryn Ganz |url=http://www.rollingstone.com/music/albumreviews/circus-20081212 |title=Circus by Britney Spears|work=Rolling Stone|publisher=Jann Wenner|date=December 12, 2008|accessdate=August 7, 2011}}</ref> ''[[The New York Times]]'' felt that ''Circus'' contained "crisp" material that incorporated "catchy melodic interludes".<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/01/arts/music/01choi.html | work=The New York Times | title=New CDs | date=December 1, 2008}}</ref> [[Robert Christgau]] gave the album a two-star honorable mention ({{Rating-Christgau|hm2}}), stating that it was "still fun more often than not".<ref>{{cite web|author=Robert Christgau|authorlink=Robert Christgau|url=http://www.robertchristgau.com/get_artist.php?name=britney+spears |title=CG: Britney Spears |work=RobertChristgau.com|accessdate=July 5, 2012}}</ref> Nick Levine of [[Digital Spy]] identified the record as a sequel to ''[[Blackout (Britney Spears album)|Blackout]]'' (2007) and recognized an increasingly "confident" Spears that used less synthesizers in the music's production.<ref name="Levine">{{cite web | url=http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/music/thesound/a135219/notes-on-the-new-britney-album.html|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20121024075822/http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/music/thesound/a135219/notes-on-the-new-britney-album.html|title= Notes on the new Britney album|author=Nick Levine| work=[[Digital Spy]]|date=November 10, 2008|archivedate=October 24, 2012|accessdate=April 7, 2013}}</ref>


Stephen Thomas Erlewine of [[Allmusic]] provided a mixed review, commenting that the title recognized that "things got a little tough" following the release of ''Blackout''.<ref name="Allmusic"/> [[Alexis Petridis]] of ''[[The Guardian]]''{{'}}s [[Alexis Petridis]] felt that ''Circus'' was "substantially less edgy and exciting than its predecessor".<ref name="guardian">{{Cite news|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/music/2008/nov/28/britney-spears-circus|title=CD Review: Britney Spears 'Circus' review|author=Alex Petridis|date=November 28, 2008|newspaper=The Guardian|publisher=Guardian Media Group|accessdate=November 28, 2008}}</ref> [[Slant Magazine]]'s Eric Henderson suggested that the album's "self-actualization" gave off a "hollow" feel through the majority of the record.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.slantmagazine.com/music/review/britney-spears-circus/1589 |title=Britney Spears: Circus &#124; Music Review |work=Slant Magazine|date=November 25, 2008|accessdate=August 7, 2011}}</ref> Hamish MacBain of ''[[NME]]'' felt that Spears's vocals lacked progression from "the Mouseketeer who brought us ''[[...Baby One More Time (album)|...Baby One More Time]]''".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nme.com/reviews/10019 |title=Britney Spears - Britney Spears - Album Reviews|work=NME|publisher=Time Inc|date=November 28, 2008|accessdate=August 7, 2011}}</ref> ''[[Los Angeles Times]]''{{'}}s Ann Powers criticized the lack of lyrical depth and named "Unusual You" as a stand-out track for featuring a maturer meaning.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/music_blog/2008/11/album-review--1.html|title=Album review: Britney Spears' 'Circus'|author=Ann Powers|newspaper=The Los Angeles Times|date=November 30, 2008|accessdate=April 17, 2013}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web|url=http://music-mix.ew.com/2010/01/31/grammy-awards-2010-winners/|title=Grammy Awards 2010: The winners list|date=January 31, 2010|author=Mike Bruno|work=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|publisher=[[Time Inc.|Time Inc]]|accessdate=March 2, 2013}}</ref>
Stephen Thomas Erlewine of [[Allmusic]] provided a mixed review, commenting that the title recognized that "things got a little tough" following the release of ''Blackout''.<ref name="Allmusic"/> [[Alexis Petridis]] of ''[[The Guardian]]''{{'}}s [[Alexis Petridis]] felt that ''Circus'' was "substantially less edgy and exciting than its predecessor".<ref name="guardian">{{Cite news|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/music/2008/nov/28/britney-spears-circus|title=CD Review: Britney Spears 'Circus' review|author=Alex Petridis|date=November 28, 2008|newspaper=The Guardian|publisher=Guardian Media Group|accessdate=November 28, 2008}}</ref> [[Slant Magazine]]'s Eric Henderson suggested that the album's "self-actualization" gave off a "hollow" feel through the majority of the record.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.slantmagazine.com/music/review/britney-spears-circus/1589 |title=Britney Spears: Circus &#124; Music Review |work=Slant Magazine|date=November 25, 2008|accessdate=August 7, 2011}}</ref> Hamish MacBain of ''[[NME]]'' felt that Spears's vocals lacked progression from "the Mouseketeer who brought us ''[[...Baby One More Time (album)|...Baby One More Time]]''".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nme.com/reviews/10019 |title=Britney Spears - Britney Spears - Album Reviews|work=NME|publisher=Time Inc|date=November 28, 2008|accessdate=August 7, 2011}}</ref> ''[[Los Angeles Times]]''{{'}}s Ann Powers criticized the lack of lyrical depth and named "Unusual You" as a stand-out track for featuring a maturer meaning.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/music_blog/2008/11/album-review--1.html|title=Album review: Britney Spears' 'Circus'|author=Ann Powers|newspaper=The Los Angeles Times|date=November 30, 2008|accessdate=April 17, 2013}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web|url=http://music-mix.ew.com/2010/01/31/grammy-awards-2010-winners/|title=Grammy Awards 2010: The winners list|date=January 31, 2010|author=Mike Bruno|work=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|publisher=[[Time Inc.|Time Inc]]|accessdate=March 2, 2013}}</ref>

Revision as of 22:00, 23 May 2013

Untitled

Circus is the sixth studio album by American recording artist Britney Spears, released on November 28, 2008, by Jive Records. Looking to transition from her "more urban" fifth album Blackout (2007), Spears wanted to make her next studio effort "a little bit lighter", incorporating pop and dance-pop styles. The album was recorded during 2008, following Spears's much-publicized personal struggles in 2007 and placement under a temporary conservatorship the subsequent year. Several collaborators contributed to its production, including Bloodshy & Avant and Danja.

Upon its release, Circus received generally favorable reviews from critics, who complimented its production but criticized its lyrical content. It debuted at number one on the US Billboard 200 with first-week sales of over 505,000 copies. The album has become her biggest-selling consecutive album since In the Zone (2003), selling over 15 million combined sales of digital tracks and over 4.5 million copies worldwide, achieving the top spot in nine countries. The album gained a Grammy Award nomination for Best Dance Recording for "Womanizer". Spears embarked on her fifth concert tour The Circus Starring Britney Spears to promote the album; it gained controversy due to accusations of lip-synching during the Australian leg. She made several television appearances for additional publicity.

Four singles were released from the album, several of which became international successes. Its lead single "Womanizer" peaked atop the US Billboard Hot 100 and registered as the largest jump to the top of the chart after debuting at number ninety-six. It became Spears's best-selling song in the country since "...Baby One More Time". The second and third singles "Circus" and "If U Seek Amy" peaked at numbers three and nineteen in the country, respectively. Consequentially, Circus became Spears's second album after ...Baby One More Time (1999) to have two top ten singles and her first to have two top five hits and three top-twenty hits in the US along with five charting songs on the Hot 100.

Background

"Once [Dr. Luke] and I were in the studio, he played me the music he was working on for [Britney], and we then based the song on what her life was like at the time and how people viewed her. It was a cool way to get people dancing and having fun, but also to have a slight message underneath of it all."

Producer Claude Kelly talks about the development, content and concept of the record.[1]

During the summer of 2008, it was confirmed that Spears was in the process of recording her sixth studio album.[2][3] With the album's announcement came the additional confirmation of the involvement of producers Sean Garrett, Guy Sigsworth, Danja and Bloodshy & Avant.[4] During its development, Garrett and vocal producer Jim Beanz complimented Spears's work ethic after her much-publicized personal struggles the previous year.[5][6]

Spears chose to write much of the material for the album and worked to develop a more pop-influenced record with collaborators she had worked with earlier in her career.[7] She stated that Circus marked the longest time she had spent recording an album, adding, "I think it is more urban [...] I’m writing every day, right here at the piano in this living room"[8] and also described the album as her best work to date.[9]

Producer Claude Kelly discussed the album's initial lack of concept saying, "When I went in with [Dr. Luke] we knew we were going to maybe write something for [Britney], but there was no concept, it was just knowing her style and knowing what she does.[10] Max Martin, who produced Britney's first hit "...Baby One More Time", produced "If U Seek Amy" for the album. The Outsyders, an Atlanta-based production team, produced the album's first single,[11] while Fernando Garibay worked on two bonus songs for Spears.[12] Danja reported that he worked on the tracks at Chalice Recording Studios in Los Angeles, and Spears recorded them at Glenwood Place Studios in Burbank; the Canadian trio Let's Go to War co-wrote and produced the track "Mmm Papi".[13] Lil Jon,[14] Rodney Jerkins,[15] Sean Garrett,[16] and Taio Cruz,[17] announced they were working with Spears, though their tracks are not included on the official track listing.

Spears commented of the album's title, "I like the fact that you're always on the edge of your seat when you're at a circus. You're never bored [...] You're just really engulfed in what's going on around you. And you want to know what's going to happen next."[7] The album shared a release date with the similarly-titled album The Circus by British group Take That.[18] Circus was initially scheduled to be released worldwide on December 2, 2008, on Spears's 27th birthday.[19] However, after unauthorized online leaks, imeem began streaming the album from their website on November 25.[20]

Music and lyrics

Circus has been described as a sequel to Spears's fifth album Blackout,[21] taking influence from pop genres, including electropop and dance.[22][23] She described the album as "lighter" than Blackout, which was more urban sounding.[7] Its "fiery" and "confrontational" lyrics have been also compared to those of its predecessor.[24] The album has been compared to the works of Janet Jackson,[25] Eurythmics,[23] New Order[26] and the songwriting of Prince,[23] Leiber & Stoller and Phil Spector.[26] Circus incorporates themes that were acknowledged in Spears's earlier work. "Circus" and "Kill the Lights" discuss fame, which was previously seen in "Piece of Me",[21] while "Womanizer" and "Shattered Glass" talk about a womanizing man.[27]

Circus opens with its lead single "Womanizer". It features synth sirens with a repetitive chorus,[28] and lyrically discusses a cheating man; it was described by Spears as a girl anthem.[29] "Circus" addresses her feelings as an entertainer and performing, highlighted in the lines "All eyes on me in the centre of the ring just like a circus / When I crack that whip everybody gonna trip just like a circus".[28] Its electronic dance elements were compared to those of Spears's earlier single "Break the Ice".[30] The ballad "Out from Under" incorporates acoustic guitar backings, and has gathered comparisons to her track "I'm Not a Girl, Not Yet a Woman".[27][28] "Kill the Lights" is a dance-pop song that talks about Spears's conflict with paparazzi. Critics noted similarities to the works of Madonna.[28] as well as Spears's own "Piece of Me".[21] "Shattered Glass" utilizes dark electronic beats and details a non-repairable relationship.[28]

"If U Seek Amy" integrates "glam-rave" elements with traditional pop styles;[31] it gained controversy for its double entendre, where the title sounds phonetically like "F.U.C.K. me".[32] The synthpop track "Unusual You" deals with a woman finding unexpected love. It has been compared to musical themes from the 1980s and 1990s, and has been noted as a "pulsating ballad".[28][33][34] "Blur" sees the inclusion of urban influences, and lyrically recalls the morning after a party with lyrics "Can't remember what I did last night/I gotta get my head right, where the hell am I? Who are you? What'd we do last night?";[28][35] it drew similarities to Spears's prior song "Early Mornin".[36] "Mmm Papi" draws elements from a 1960s go-go rock guitar[33][37] and Latin-pop dance hall themes. Despite its "fun" nature, it was criticized for appearing to "revisit the Lolita persona of "…Baby One More Time".[38] It has been suggested that its lyrics deal with either Spears's father Jamie or paparazzi Adnan Ghalib.[36] "Mannequin" is a dance-pop song with a trip hop influence; while being noted for its "risky" and "futuristic" nature, it has also been suggested that Spears's vocals sounded "lifeless".[39] "Lace and Leather" gained comparisons to Vanity 6's works from the 1980s and featured a then-unknown Kesha as a backing vocalist.[23] "My Baby" was written by Spears about her two sons Sean Preston Federline and Jayden James Federline, and closes the album.[25][36]

Singles

"Womanizer"
The pre-chorus of "Womanizer", in which the title is repeated eight times.
Problems playing this file? See media help.

"Womanizer" was released on September 26, 2008 as the album's lead single. The song was met with positive response from critics, who complimented its hook and empowering lyrics and deemed it as a return of form and a "comeback" single for Spears.[40] Womanizer debuted on the Billboard Hot 100 at number ninety-six before jumping the next week to number one. The song broke the record for the largest leap to any position.[41] The record was later broken by Kelly Clarkson's "My Life Would Suck Without You".[42] The song is considered one of Spears's biggest hits and has been covered by several other artists. "Womanizer" has sold over 3,200,000 digital downloads in the US.[43] The music video premiered on October 18, 2008 as a sequel to that of her 2004 hit single "Toxic". It portrays Spears as a woman who disguises herself in different costumes and follows her boyfriend through his daily activities to expose him in the end.[44]

"Circus" was released on December 4, 2008 as the album's second single, a day earlier than planned due to unauthorized leaks.[45] It debuted and peaked at number three on the Billboard Hot 100.[46] "Circus" has sold over 2,763,000 digital downloads in the US.[47] The accompanying music video portrays Spears as a ringleader of a circus accompanied by different performers, and features scenes of Spears in different circus settings. The video received positive reviews from critics, but was criticized for featuring "cruelly trained animals", however claims were dismissed.[45] It won a Best Video award on Fuse TV.[48]

"If U Seek Amy" was released on March 10, 2009 as the album's third single. Sharon Dastur of Z100 stated that Spears had recorded a new version of the song and the new edit would be provided by Jive Records.[49] The Parents Television Council (PTC) threatened to file indecency complaints with the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) against any station that played the song between 6 a.m. and 10 p.m.[49] The song peaked at number nineteen on the Hot 100.[50] The music video was released on March 12, 2009, and depicts Spears poking fun at American culture.[51]

"Radar" was originally included on Blackout and to be released as its fourth single. However, its release was canceled when Spears began work on Circus, and was instead released as a promotional single in 2008.[52] "Radar" was included as a bonus track on Circus and was released as the album's fourth and final single on June 23, 2009. The music video portrays Spears as an aristocrat at a polo mansion involved in a love triangle with two men who are polo players.[53] "Radar" originally entered the Billboard Digital songs chart at number fifty-two due to digital downloads from Blackout and after being confirmed as a single entered the Billboard Hot 100 at number ninety and then peaked the following week at number eighty-eight.[54]

Promotion

Spears exiting the stage, 2009.

To promote the album, Jive Records set up a hotline where fans could leave a message for Spears, some of which received a return phone call from her.[55] Some songs were previewed through the website of the New York radio station WKTU and Amazon.com.[56] MTV aired a 90-minute documentary, Britney: For the Record, on November 30, 2008, documenting her return to her career.[57] In May 2009, Jive's official website held a Britney Spears Global Fan-Fiction Contest, which required a fan to submit a 200-word story based on one of the songs from Circus.[58] The public were allowed to vote for their favorite short story which would be produced into an animated music video. The winning story was based on the song "Kill the Lights"; the video premiered on July 27, 2009.[59]

Spears's live comeback began on November 6, 2008 with a cameo appearance at the Dodger Stadium show of Madonna's Sticky & Sweet Tour. Midway through the performance of "Human Nature", Spears joined Madonna on stage.[60] The week prior to the album's release, Spears performed in several countries as part of the Circus Promo Tour. On November 27, 2008, Spears performed "Womanizer" live at the Bambi Awards in Offenburg, Germany, where she received an award for "Best Pop International Artist".[61] In addition, she performed the song on Star Academy (France) the following day, and performed "Womanizer" on The X Factor in the United Kingdom on November 29.[62] Her performance on The X Factor was watched by an average of 11,880,000 UK citizens.[63] Spears premiered her second single "Circus" on the Big Apple Circus at the "Good Morning America" in New York, and also performed "Womanizer" on December 2, 2008 which coincides with her 27th birthday and the release of the album.[64][65] On December 16, 2008, she performed on NTV Japan's-3000 "Best Artist of 2008".[66]

The Circus Starring Britney Spears

Main article: The Circus Starring Britney Spears

While performing on Good Morning America on December 2, 2008, Spears announced her fifth worldwide concert tour, titled The Circus Starring Britney Spears. She first revealed the first leg of 25 dates in the US and two in the UK. Her longtime manager, Larry Rudolf stated that the tour would "blow people's minds and promises to show Britney's fans something they will never forget",[67] later adding, "she goes full-speed the whole show — about an hour and a half. It's pretty intense. This is a full-blown, full-out Britney Spears show, It is everything everybody expects from her — and more!"[68] Spears also expressed excitement in including songs from Blackout into the setlist, as she did not tour to promote it.[7] The tour began on March 3, 2009 in New Orleans' New Orleans Arena and finished in Adelaide's Adelaide Entertainment Centre. There were four legs of the tour, visiting North America twice, and others being Europe and Australia.[69] The stage was composed of three rings and set in-the-round to resemble an actual circus. Fashion designers Dean and Dan Caten created the costumes. A giant cylinder screen was set above the stage to showcase videos and backdrops. Effects were provided by Solotech. The set list was composed generally from her albums In the Zone, Blackout and Circus. In June 2009, Britney announced she would tour Australia for the first time; she was also rumored to tour South America, though her manager Adam Leber denied this despite their efforts to do so.[70]

Controversy arose during the Australian leg of the tour after several fans walked out of the performances due to Spears's alleged "lip-synching"; such claims were later denied by Spears's management and promoters.[71] The tour was ranked as the fourth highest grossing tour of the year in North America, becoming the highest grossing tour of the year by a solo artist.[72] In February 2010, Pollstar released their Top 50 Worldwide Concert Tours of 2009. The tour ranked as the fifth highest-grossing tour, worldwide, of the year, with a gross of $131.8 million.[73] In May 2010, Hollyscoop ranked the tour at the fifth position in their 15 Most Profitable Female Tours Ever list.[74]

Critical reception

Professional ratings
Aggregate scores
SourceRating
Metacritic(64/100)[75]
Review scores
SourceRating
Allmusic[76]
Entertainment WeeklyB[33]
The Guardian[39]
The Independent[77]
NME(5/10)[78]
Rolling Stone[36]
The Sunday Times[79]
Sputnikmusic(3.0/5)[80]
USA Today[81]

At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, Circus received an average score of 64, based on 22 reviews, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[75] Genevieve Koski of The A.V. Club noted that Spears "reaches the highest heights of shiny dance music" when accompanied by her tracks' elaborate productions.[82] Rolling Stone's Caryn Ganz opined that the album could have been a satisfactory successor to her fourth album In the Zone (2003).[36] The New York Times felt that Circus contained "crisp" material that incorporated "catchy melodic interludes".[83] Robert Christgau gave the album a two-star honorable mention ((2-star Honorable Mention)(2-star Honorable Mention)), stating that it was "still fun more often than not".[84] Nick Levine of Digital Spy identified the record as a sequel to Blackout (2007) and recognized an increasingly "confident" Spears that used less synthesizers in the music's production.[21]

Stephen Thomas Erlewine of Allmusic provided a mixed review, commenting that the title recognized that "things got a little tough" following the release of Blackout.[76] Alexis Petridis of The Guardian's Alexis Petridis felt that Circus was "substantially less edgy and exciting than its predecessor".[39] Slant Magazine's Eric Henderson suggested that the album's "self-actualization" gave off a "hollow" feel through the majority of the record.[85] Hamish MacBain of NME felt that Spears's vocals lacked progression from "the Mouseketeer who brought us ...Baby One More Time".[86] Los Angeles Times's Ann Powers criticized the lack of lyrical depth and named "Unusual You" as a stand-out track for featuring a maturer meaning.[87] [88]

Commercial performance

Circus debuted atop the US Billboard 200, with first-week sales of over 505,000 copies. It earned Spears a place in the 2010 Guinness Book of World Records for being the youngest female artist in history to have five albums debut at number one.[89][90] The album became the sixth-fastest consecutive selling album of 2008.[91] The album has spent nine weeks in the top 10, making it Spears's longest-running top 10 album since Oops!... I Did It Again, which spent twenty-three weeks in the top 10 in 2000.[92][93] Circus was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America on January 29, 2009.[94] According to Nielsen SoundScan, as of December 2011, the album has sold 1.7 million copies in the United States.[95] With over 51,000 units sold, the album opened at number-one in the Canadian Albums Chart, her best sales effort since Oops!... I Did It Again, which sold 95,000 copies in May 2000.[96] In less than a month, Circus became the ninth best-selling album of 2008, with 143,000 copies, and one of the top ten selling digital albums of the same year with over 10,100 downloads.[97] In March 2009, Circus was certified 3× platinum by the Canadian Recording Industry Association, denoting 240,000 shipped copies to retailers.[98] In Mexico, the album debuted at the top of the international chart and at number three in the overall chart, selling over 46,000 copies and going gold in its first week.[99][100]

In Oceania, the album was a top 10 success, debuting at number three in Australia and being certified Platinum after three weeks for shipments of 70,000 units.[101] It has since gone on to be certified 3× platinum for shipments of 210,000 units.[102] In the United Kingdom the album debuted and peaked at number 4 in the United Kingdom albums chart spending thirty-one weeks on the chart.[101] The album was certified Platinum in the United Kingdom.[103] In France the album sold 18,319 copies in its first two days of release, debuting at number five on the French Weekly Album Charts.[104] In Asia the album charted in the Japanese Oricon albums chart peaking at number 5 on the albums chart and gaining a Gold certification.[105][106] Despite not being released as singles, several songs from "Circus" appeared on Billboard's component charts after the album's release. "Shattered Glass", peaked at number seventy on Billboard Hot 100, higher than the album's fourth single "Radar". It peaked at number twenty-nine on U.S. Hot Digital Songs, while peaking at number thirty-six on Canadian Hot Digital Songs.[107] The song also entered the Pop 100 chart, peaking at number fifty-seven.[107] "Lace and Leather" peaked at number eighty-four on Billboard Pop 100, while "Mmm Papi" peaked at number ninety-four on the same chart.[107] "Out from Under" also charted in Sweden. The song debuted at number forty on the week of August 14, 2009, reaching number thirty-two on the following. It stayed on the chart for five weeks.[108]

Track listing

No.TitleWriter(s)Producer(s)Length
1."Womanizer"
  • Nikesha Briscoe
  • Rafael Akinyemi
K. Briscoe/The Outsyders3:44
2."Circus"
3:12
3."Out from Under"
Guy Sigsworth3:53
4."Kill the Lights"
3:59
5."Shattered Glass"
  • Gottwald
  • Kelly
  • Levin
  • Dr. Luke
  • Benny Blanco
  • Kelly[a]
2:52
6."If U Seek Amy"
Max Martin3:36
7."Unusual You"
Bloodshy & Avant4:21
8."Blur"
Danja3:07
9."Mmm Papi"
3:22
10."Mannequin"
  • Mason, Jr.
  • Rob Knox
4:06
11."Lace and Leather"
  • Gottwald
  • Levin
  • Frankie Storm
  • Ronnie Jackson
  • Dr. Luke
  • Benny Blanco[b]
2:47
12."My Baby"
  • Spears
  • Sigsworth
Sigsworth3:18
13."Radar" (bonus track)
3:48
Total length:46:15
Mexico bonus track[109]
No.TitleWriter(s)Producer(s)Length
14."Rock Boy"
  • Hills
  • Araica
  • Michael Shimshack
Danja3:23
UK bonus track[110]
No.TitleWriter(s)Producer(s)Length
14."Amnesia"
Garibay3:56
Deluxe edition bonus tracks[111]
No.TitleWriter(s)Producer(s)Length
14."Rock Me In"
  • Kurstin
  • Morier[a]
3:17
15."Phonography"
  • Karlsson
  • Winnberg
  • Jonback
  • Muhammad
  • Nelson
  • Lewis
  • Smith
  • Bloodshy & Avant
  • The Clutch
3:35
Total length:53:05
Deluxe edition DVD[112]
No.TitleLength
1."Making of the Album"9:33
2."Womanizer (Director's Cut)" (Music video)3:45
3."Photo Gallery"2:00
Japan Deluxe edition DVD[113]
No.TitleLength
4."Making of "Circus" Music Video"3:20
5."Circus" (Music video)3:34
Notes
  • ^a signifies a vocal producer
  • ^b signifies a co-producer

Personnel

  • Adapted from album booklet.[13]
Performance
Miscellaneous
Technical

Charts

Chart procession and succession

Preceded by Swiss Albums Chart[133]
December 14, 2008 		Succeeded by
Der Mann Mit Der Mundharmonika by Michael Hirte
Canadian Albums Chart
December 20, 2008 		Succeeded by
European Top 100 Albums
December 20, 2008 		Succeeded by
Preceded by US Billboard 200 number-one album
December 20, 2008 		Succeeded by
Preceded by
Ранетки by Ранетки
 Russian Top 25
January 12, 2009 		Succeeded by
Стас Михайлов by Жизнь-Река

Certifications

Region Certification
Australia (ARIA)[102] 2× Platinum
Belgium (BEA)[134] Gold
Canada (Music Canada)[98] 3× Platinum
France (SNEP)[135] Gold
GCC (IFPI Middle East)[136] Gold
Germany (BVMI)[137] Gold
Greece (IFPI Greece)[138] Gold
Hungary (MAHASZ)[139] Gold
Ireland (IRMA)[140] Platinum
Japan (RIAJ)[141] Gold
Mexico (AMPROFON)[100] Gold
New Zealand (RMNZ)[142] Platinum
Poland (ZPAV)[143] Gold
Russia (NFPF)[144] 2× Platinum
Switzerland (IFPI Switzerland)[145] Gold
United Kingdom (BPI)[146] Platinum
United States (RIAA)[94] Platinum

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  142. ^ THE FIELD id (chart number) MUST BE PROVIDED for NEW ZEALAND CERTIFICATION.
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  146. ^ id MUST BE PROVIDED for UK CERTIFICATION.

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