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==Biography==
==Biography==
Kőnig was born in [[Budapest]], the son of mathematician [[Gyula Kőnig]]. In 1907, he received his doctorate<ref>{{cite book|last=Tutte|first=Dénes König ; translated by Richard McCoart ; with commentary by W.T.|title=Theory of finite and infinite graphs|year=1990|publisher=Birkhäuser|location=Boston|isbn=0-8176-3389-8|page=423}}</ref> at, and joined the faculty of the [[Technische Hochschule]] in Budapest (today [[Technical University of Budapest]]). His classes were visited by [[Paul Erdős]], who, as a first year student, solved one of his problems. Kőnig became a full professor there in 1935<ref>{{cite book|last=Tutte|first=Dénes König ; translated by Richard McCoart ; with commentary by W.T.|title=Theory of finite and infinite graphs|year=1990|publisher=Birkhäuser|location=Boston|isbn=0-8176-3389-8|page=423}}</ref>. To honor his fathers' death in 1913, Kőnig and his brother Győrgy created the [[Gyula Kőnig]] prize in 1918 <ref>{{cite book|last=Tutte|first=Dénes König ; translated by Richard McCoart ; with commentary by W.T.|title=Theory of finite and infinite graphs|year=1990|publisher=Birkhäuser|location=Boston|isbn=0-8176-3389-8|page=423}}</ref>. This prize was meant to be an endowment for young mathematicians, however was later devaluated. But the prize remained as a medal of high scientific recognition. In 1899, he published his first work while still attending High School<ref>{{cite book|last=Tutte|first=Dénes König ; translated by Richard McCoart ; with commentary by W.T.|title=Theory of finite and infinite graphs|year=1990|publisher=Birkhäuser|location=Boston|isbn=0-8176-3389-8|page=423}}</ref> in a journal ''Matematikai ès Fizikai Lapok''. After his graduation in 1902, he won first place in a mathematical competition "Eőtvős Loránd" <ref>{{cite book|last=Tutte|first=Dénes König ; translated by Richard McCoart ; with commentary by W.T.|title=Theory of finite and infinite graphs|year=1990|publisher=Birkhäuser|location=Boston|isbn=0-8176-3389-8|page=424}}</ref>. Shortly after he wrote the first of two book collections ''Matematikai Mulatságok'' (Mathematical Entertainments). He spent four semesters at the university in Budapest and his last five in Gottingen. During which he studied under a famous Mathematicians [[József Kürschák]] and [[Hermann Minkowski]]. He then received his doctorate <ref>{{cite book|last=Tutte|first=Dénes König ; translated by Richard McCoart ; with commentary by W.T.|title=Theory of finite and infinite graphs|year=1990|publisher=Birkhäuser|location=Boston|isbn=0-8176-3389-8|page=424}}</ref> in 1907 due to his dissertation in geometry, that same year he began working for the Technische Hochschule in [[Budapest]] and remained a part of the faculty till his death in 1944. At first he started as an assistant in problem sessions, in 1910 he was promoted to "oberassistant"<ref>{{cite book|last=Tutte|first=Dénes König ; translated by Richard McCoart ; with commentary by W.T.|title=Theory of finite and infinite graphs|year=1990|publisher=Birkhäuser|location=Boston|isbn=0-8176-3389-8|page=424}}</ref>, and then promoted to "Privatdocent" <ref>{{cite book|last=Tutte|first=Dénes König ; translated by Richard McCoart ; with commentary by W.T.|title=Theory of finite and infinite graphs|year=1990|publisher=Birkhäuser|location=Boston|isbn=0-8176-3389-8|page=424}}</ref> in 1911 teaching nomography, analysis situs (later to be known as [[topology]]), set theory, real numbers and functions, and graph theory (the name "[[graph theory]]" didn't appear in the university catalogue until 1927). During this time he would be a guest speaker giving mathematics lecture for architecture and chemistry students, in 1920 these lectures made their way in to book form. He finally gained full professorship in 1935 <ref>{{cite book|last=Tutte|first=Dénes König ; translated by Richard McCoart ; with commentary by W.T.|title=Theory of finite and infinite graphs|year=1990|publisher=Birkhäuser|location=Boston|isbn=0-8176-3389-8|page=425}}</ref> at the Technische Hochschule.
Kőnig was born in [[Budapest]], the son of mathematician [[Gyula Kőnig]]. In 1907, he received his doctorate<ref name="Richard McCoart">{{cite book|last=Tutte|first=Dénes König ; translated by Richard McCoart ; with commentary by W.T.|title=Theory of finite and infinite graphs|year=1990|publisher=Birkhäuser|location=Boston|isbn=0-8176-3389-8|page=423}}</ref> at, and joined the faculty of the [[Technische Hochschule]] in Budapest (today [[Technical University of Budapest]]). His classes were visited by [[Paul Erdős]], who, as a first year student, solved one of his problems. Kőnig became a full professor there in 1935<ref name="Richard McCoart"></ref>. To honor his fathers' death in 1913, Kőnig and his brother Győrgy created the [[Gyula Kőnig]] prize in 1918 <ref name="Richard McCoart"></ref>. This prize was meant to be an endowment for young mathematicians, however was later devaluated. But the prize remained as a medal of high scientific recognition. In 1899, he published his first work while still attending High School<ref name="Richard McCoart"></ref> in a journal ''Matematikai ès Fizikai Lapok''. After his graduation in 1902, he won first place in a mathematical competition "Eőtvős Loránd" <ref name="Richard McCoart"></ref>. Shortly after he wrote the first of two book collections ''Matematikai Mulatságok'' (Mathematical Entertainments). He spent four semesters at the university in Budapest and his last five in Gottingen. During which he studied under a famous Mathematicians [[József Kürschák]] and [[Hermann Minkowski]]. He then received his doctorate <ref name="Richard McCoart"></ref> in 1907 due to his dissertation in geometry, that same year he began working for the Technische Hochschule in [[Budapest]] and remained a part of the faculty till his death in 1944. At first he started as an assistant in problem sessions, in 1910 he was promoted to "oberassistant"<ref name="Richard McCoart"></ref>, and then promoted to "Privatdocent" <ref name="Richard McCoart"></ref> in 1911 teaching nomography, analysis situs (later to be known as [[topology]]), set theory, real numbers and functions, and graph theory (the name "[[graph theory]]" didn't appear in the university catalogue until 1927). During this time he would be a guest speaker giving mathematics lecture for architecture and chemistry students, in 1920 these lectures made their way in to book form.<ref name="Richard McCoart"></ref> at the Technische Hochschule.


From 1915 to 1942 he was on a committee to judge school contests in mathematics, collecting problems for these contests, and organizing them <ref>{{cite book|last=Tutte|first=Dénes König ; translated by Richard McCoart ; with commentary by W.T.|title=Theory of finite and infinite graphs|year=1990|publisher=Birkhäuser|location=Boston|isbn=0-8176-3389-8|page=425}}</ref>. Then in 1933 he was elected as secretary of the society <ref>{{cite book|last=Tutte|first=Dénes König ; translated by Richard McCoart ; with commentary by W.T.|title=Theory of finite and infinite graphs|year=1990|publisher=Birkhäuser|location=Boston|isbn=0-8176-3389-8|page=425}}</ref> and in 1942 he became the chairman of this committee <ref>{{cite book|last=Tutte|first=Dénes König ; translated by Richard McCoart ; with commentary by W.T.|title=Theory of finite and infinite graphs|year=1990|publisher=Birkhäuser|location=Boston|isbn=0-8176-3389-8|page=425}}</ref>. He then decided to make edits in the society's journal during his time on the committee till his death. Kőnig's activities and lectures played a vital role in the growth of graph theoritcal work of: Làszló Edyed, [[Pál Erdös]], [[Tibor Gallai]], [[György Hajós]], Jószef Kraus, [[Tibor Szele]], [[Pál Turán]], Endre Vázsonyi, and many others <ref>{{cite book|last=Tutte|first=Dénes König ; translated by Richard McCoart ; with commentary by W.T.|title=Theory of finite and infinite graphs|year=1990|publisher=Birkhäuser|location=Boston|isbn=0-8176-3389-8|page=425}}</ref>. He then went on to write the first book on [[graph theory]] ''Theorie de endlichen und unendlichen Graphen'' in 1936 <ref>{{cite book|last=Tutte|first=Dénes König ; translated by Richard McCoart ; with commentary by W.T.|title=Theory of finite and infinite graphs|year=1990|publisher=Birkhäuser|location=Boston|isbn=0-8176-3389-8|page=426}}</ref>. This marked the beginning of graph theory as its' own branch of mathematics. Then in 1958, Claude Berg wrote the second book on [[graph theory]], ''Thèorie des Graphes et ses applications'' <ref>{{cite book|last=Tutte|first=Dénes König ; translated by Richard McCoart ; with commentary by W.T.|title=Theory of finite and infinite graphs|year=1990|publisher=Birkhäuser|location=Boston|isbn=0-8176-3389-8|page=426}}</ref>, following Kőnig. After the occupation of [[Hungary]] by the [[Nazi]]s, fortunately for persecuted mathematicians he worked to help them.
From 1915 to 1942 he was on a committee to judge school contests in mathematics, collecting problems for these contests, and organizing them<ref name="Richard McCoart"></ref>. Then in 1933 he was elected as secretary of the society <ref name="Richard McCoart"></ref> and in 1942 he became the chairman of this committee<ref name="Richard McCoart"></ref>. He then decided to make edits in the society's journal during his time on the committee till his death. Kőnig's activities and lectures played a vital role in the growth of graph theoritcal work of: Làszló Edyed, [[Pál Erdös]], [[Tibor Gallai]], [[György Hajós]], Jószef Kraus, [[Tibor Szele]], [[Pál Turán]], Endre Vázsonyi, and many others<ref name="Richard McCoart"></ref>. He then went on to write the first book on [[graph theory]] ''Theorie de endlichen und unendlichen Graphen'' in 1936<ref name="Richard McCoart"></ref>. This marked the beginning of graph theory as its' own branch of mathematics. Then in 1958, Claude Berg wrote the second book on [[graph theory]], ''Thèorie des Graphes et ses applications'' <ref name="Richard McCoart"></ref>, following Kőnig. After the occupation of [[Hungary]] by the [[Nazi]]s, fortunately for persecuted mathematicians he worked to help them.


On October 15, 1944 the Hungarian National Socialist (Nazi) Party took over the country. Days later on October 19, 1944 he committed suicide to evade persecution from the Nazis being a Hungarian Jew<ref>{{cite book|last=Tutte|first=Dénes König ; translated by Richard McCoart ; with commentary by W.T.|title=Theory of finite and infinite graphs|year=1990|publisher=Birkhäuser|location=Boston|isbn=0-8176-3389-8|page=426}}</ref>.
On October 15, 1944 the Hungarian National Socialist (Nazi) Party took over the country. Days later on October 19, 1944 he committed suicide to evade persecution from the Nazis being a Hungarian Jew<ref name="Richard McCoart"></ref>.


==Accomplishments==
==Accomplishments==
:1899 – ''Matematikai ès Fizikai Lapok'' written while attending High School<ref>{{cite book|last=Tutte|first=Dénes König ; translated by Richard McCoart ; with commentary by W.T.|title=Theory of finite and infinite graphs|year=1990|publisher=Birkhäuser|location=Boston|isbn=0-8176-3389-8|page=423}}</ref>
:1899 – ''Matematikai ès Fizikai Lapok'' written while attending High School<ref name="Richard McCoart"></ref>
:1902 – First place in "Eőtvős Lorád"<ref>{{cite book|last=Tutte|first=Dénes König ; translated by Richard McCoart ; with commentary by W.T.|title=Theory of finite and infinite graphs|year=1990|publisher=Birkhäuser|location=Boston|isbn=0-8176-3389-8|page=423}}</ref>
:1902 – First place in "Eőtvős Lorád"<ref name="Richard McCoart"></ref>
:1907 – received his Doctorate Degree<ref name="Richard McCoart"></ref>

:1910 – promoted to "oberassistant"<ref name="Richard McCoart"></ref>
:1907 – received his Doctorate Degree<ref>{{cite book|last=Tutte|first=Dénes König ; translated by Richard McCoart ; with commentary by W.T.|title=Theory of finite and infinite graphs|year=1990|publisher=Birkhäuser|location=Boston|isbn=0-8176-3389-8|page=423}}</ref>
⚫
:1911 – promoted to "Privatdocent" in 1911 teaching nomography, analysis situs (later to be known as [[topology]]), set theory, real numbers and functions, and graph theory<ref name="Richard McCoart"></ref>

:1935 – gain full professorship at Technische Hochschule<ref name="Richard McCoart"></ref>
:1910 – promoted to "oberassistant"<ref>{{cite book|last=Tutte|first=Dénes König ; translated by Richard McCoart ; with commentary by W.T.|title=Theory of finite and infinite graphs|year=1990|publisher=Birkhäuser|location=Boston|isbn=0-8176-3389-8|page=424}}</ref>
:1936 – he the wrote the first book on [[graph theory]], ''Theorie de endlichen und unendlichen Graphen''<ref name="Richard McCoart"></ref>

⚫
:1911 – promoted to "Privatdocent" in 1911 teaching nomography, analysis situs (later to be known as [[topology]]), set theory, real numbers and functions, and graph theory<ref>{{cite book|last=Tutte|first=Dénes König ; translated by Richard McCoart ; with commentary by W.T.|title=Theory of finite and infinite graphs|year=1990|publisher=Birkhäuser|location=Boston|isbn=0-8176-3389-8|page=424}}</ref>

:1935 – gain full professorship at Technische Hochschule<ref>{{cite book|last=Tutte|first=Dénes König ; translated by Richard McCoart ; with commentary by W.T.|title=Theory of finite and infinite graphs|year=1990|publisher=Birkhäuser|location=Boston|isbn=0-8176-3389-8|page=425}}</ref>

:1936 – he the wrote the first book on [[graph theory]], ''Theorie de endlichen und unendlichen Graphen''<ref>{{cite book|last=Tutte|first=Dénes König ; translated by Richard McCoart ; with commentary by W.T.|title=Theory of finite and infinite graphs|year=1990|publisher=Birkhäuser|location=Boston|isbn=0-8176-3389-8|page=425}}</ref>
==See also==
==See also==

Revision as of 06:54, 24 May 2013

Dénes Kőnig
Born(1884-09-21)September 21, 1884
Budapest, Austria-Hungary
DiedOctober 19, 1944(1944-10-19) (aged 60)
Budapest, Kingdom of Hungary
NationalityHungary
Alma materTechnical University of Budapest
Scientific career
FieldsMathematics
InstitutionsTechnical University of Budapest
Doctoral advisorJózsef Kürschák
Hermann Minkowski
Doctoral studentsTibor Gallai

Dénes Kőnig (September 21, 1884 – October 19, 1944) was a Jewish Hungarian mathematician who worked in and wrote the first textbook on the field of graph theory.

Biography

Kőnig was born in Budapest, the son of mathematician Gyula Kőnig. In 1907, he received his doctorate[1] at, and joined the faculty of the Technische Hochschule in Budapest (today Technical University of Budapest). His classes were visited by Paul Erdős, who, as a first year student, solved one of his problems. Kőnig became a full professor there in 1935[1]. To honor his fathers' death in 1913, Kőnig and his brother Győrgy created the Gyula Kőnig prize in 1918 [1]. This prize was meant to be an endowment for young mathematicians, however was later devaluated. But the prize remained as a medal of high scientific recognition. In 1899, he published his first work while still attending High School[1] in a journal Matematikai ès Fizikai Lapok. After his graduation in 1902, he won first place in a mathematical competition "Eőtvős Loránd" [1]. Shortly after he wrote the first of two book collections Matematikai Mulatságok (Mathematical Entertainments). He spent four semesters at the university in Budapest and his last five in Gottingen. During which he studied under a famous Mathematicians József Kürschák and Hermann Minkowski. He then received his doctorate [1] in 1907 due to his dissertation in geometry, that same year he began working for the Technische Hochschule in Budapest and remained a part of the faculty till his death in 1944. At first he started as an assistant in problem sessions, in 1910 he was promoted to "oberassistant"[1], and then promoted to "Privatdocent" [1] in 1911 teaching nomography, analysis situs (later to be known as topology), set theory, real numbers and functions, and graph theory (the name "graph theory" didn't appear in the university catalogue until 1927). During this time he would be a guest speaker giving mathematics lecture for architecture and chemistry students, in 1920 these lectures made their way in to book form.[1] at the Technische Hochschule.

From 1915 to 1942 he was on a committee to judge school contests in mathematics, collecting problems for these contests, and organizing them[1]. Then in 1933 he was elected as secretary of the society [1] and in 1942 he became the chairman of this committee[1]. He then decided to make edits in the society's journal during his time on the committee till his death. Kőnig's activities and lectures played a vital role in the growth of graph theoritcal work of: Làszló Edyed, Pál Erdös, Tibor Gallai, György Hajós, Jószef Kraus, Tibor Szele, Pál Turán, Endre Vázsonyi, and many others[1]. He then went on to write the first book on graph theory Theorie de endlichen und unendlichen Graphen in 1936[1]. This marked the beginning of graph theory as its' own branch of mathematics. Then in 1958, Claude Berg wrote the second book on graph theory, Thèorie des Graphes et ses applications [1], following Kőnig. After the occupation of Hungary by the Nazis, fortunately for persecuted mathematicians he worked to help them.

On October 15, 1944 the Hungarian National Socialist (Nazi) Party took over the country. Days later on October 19, 1944 he committed suicide to evade persecution from the Nazis being a Hungarian Jew[1].

Accomplishments

1899 – Matematikai ès Fizikai Lapok written while attending High School[1]
1902 – First place in "Eőtvős Lorád"[1]
1907 – received his Doctorate Degree[1]
1910 – promoted to "oberassistant"[1]
1911 – promoted to "Privatdocent" in 1911 teaching nomography, analysis situs (later to be known as topology), set theory, real numbers and functions, and graph theory[1]
1935 – gain full professorship at Technische Hochschule[1]
1936 – he the wrote the first book on graph theory, Theorie de endlichen und unendlichen Graphen[1]

See also

Bibliography

  • Chartrand, Gary. A first course in graph theory. Mineola, N.Y.: Dover Publications. ISBN 9780486483689. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  • Kőnig, Dénes (1936), Theorie der endlichen und unendlichen Graphen, Leipzig: Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft. Translated from German by Richard McCoart, Theory of finite and infinite graphs, Birkhäuser, 1990, ISBN 0-8176-3389-8.

Notes

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w Tutte, Dénes König ; translated by Richard McCoart ; with commentary by W.T. (1990). Theory of finite and infinite graphs. Boston: Birkhäuser. p. 423. ISBN 0-8176-3389-8.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

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