Music of Burkina Faso: Difference between revisions
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The [[Semaine Nationale de la Culture]], held every two years since 1983, is a [[music festival]] that has helped produce popular music stars. |
The [[Semaine Nationale de la Culture]], held every two years since 1983, is a [[music festival]] that has helped produce popular music stars. |
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==Popular music== |
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[[File:Languages of Burkina Faso.png|thumb|left|Main language regions of Burkina Faso]] |
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Burkina Faso has no one popular national style, and many popular recordings are imported from [[Europe]], the [[United States]] and [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]]. In spite of this influx of popular styles, a few home-grown talents have emerged such as Koudbi Koala's [[Saaba]], who perform traditional [[Mossi people|Mossi]] music from the region around [[Ouagadougou]], the nation's capital. [[Bobo Dioulasso]], Burkina Faso's second-largest city, is a cultural centre of Burkina Faso's [[Mandé peoples|Mande]] people of the southwest. |
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Popular traditional groups from Burkina Faso include [[balafon]] bands, [[percussion]] ensembles and others such as [[Farafina]] and [[Gabin Dabiré]], who uses elements of traditional Burkinabé music.<ref>{{cite web|accessdate=15 December 2005|url=http://www.geocities.com/MotorCity/Speedway/4939/frames/mus_burkina.html|work=Frank Bessem's Musiques d'Afrique|title=Music of Burkina Faso|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20050406191859/http://www.geocities.com/MotorCity/Speedway/4939/frames/mus_burkina.html|archivedate=2005-04-06}}</ref> |
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==Traditional music== |
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{{Culture of Burkina Faso}} |
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The ''Djeli'', a caste of courtly praise-singers in Burkina Faso, function like the [[griot]]s elsewhere in West Africa: at each ruler's funeral they recite the names and histories of past rulers, they intervene in people's personal affairs and perform at social gatherings. The Mossi and their [[griot]]s retain ancient royal courts and courtly music. |
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The [[Kora (instrument)|kora]], the [[stringed instrument]] of the ''[[djeli]]'', has been popular throughout much of West Africa since the Malian empire of the 1240s. The instrument traditionally featured seven strings until the [[Gambia]]n griot [[Madi Woulendi]] increased that number to twenty-one. The kora can be played in several scales including the [[hypolydian mode]] (''saouta''), [[silaba]], [[sim'bi]] and [[mandéka]]. |
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Mande-speakers are also known for the [[balafon]], a kind of wooden xylophone, the exact characteristics of which can vary depending on the maker. The [[Dagara people|Dagara]], [[Bwa people|Bwa]] and [[Senufo people|Senufo]] peoples also have their own varieties. |
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[[Djembe]] drums, like balafons, are often manufactured in Bobo Dioulasso. The djembe, a vital part of Burkinabé traditional music, is said to be of [[Malinké]] origin. It is made from a single piece of wood, usually from a [[Khaya senegalensis |caïlcedrat]] or [[Afzelia africana|lenke]] tree. |
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The [[bendré]] drum (called ''bara'' in [[Mali]] and ''dumaa'' among the [[Hausa people|Hausa]]) is a [[membranophone]] made from a [[gourd]] with the top cut off and covered with goat or sheep skin. It is an ancient instrument, probably introduced during the reign of [[Naaba Oubri]] to be played in sacred music at the royal courts of [[Moaga]] by a head drummer (''benaaba'') who strikes the center or edges of the drum to make varying sounds. |
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Another stringed instrument is called the [[Ngoni (instrument)|n'goni]]. Legend says it was invented by a Senufo hunter. The n'goni is also played in [[Niger]], [[Senegal]] and Mali. |
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The [[Fula people]] ''(Fulbe)'' of the north play a variety of traditional instruments including drums, ''hoddu'' (or ''[[xalam]]'', a plucked skin-covered lute related to the [[banjo]]) the and ''riti'' or ''riiti'' (a one-string bowed instrument), and use complex vocal techniques with [[clapping]] [[percussion instrument|percussion]]. Their griots are known as ''gawlo''. |
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==References== |
==References== |
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Revision as of 01:14, 4 June 2013
The music of Burkina Faso includes the folk music of 60 different ethnic groups. The Mossi people, centrally located around the capital, Ouagadougou, account for 40% of the population while, to the south, Gurunsi, Gurma, Dagaaba and Lobi populations, speaking Gur languages closely related to the Mossi language, extend into the coastal states. In the north and east the Fulani of the Sahel preponderate, while in the south and west the Mande languages are common; Samo, Bissa, Bobo, Senufo and Marka. Burkinabé traditional music has continued to thrive and musical output remains quite diverse. Popular music is mostly in French: Burkina Faso has yet to produce a major pan-African success.
National music
The national anthem of Burkina Faso , "Une Seule Nuit", written by Thomas Sankara, has been the official anthem of the country since 1984, when Upper Volta became known as Burkina Faso, even after Sankara was murdered in a coup.
The National Museum of Music in Ouagadougou began its collection in 1998 and has several hundred musical instruments including balafons and bara drums.
The Semaine Nationale de la Culture, held every two years since 1983, is a music festival that has helped produce popular music stars.
Popular music
Burkina Faso has no one popular national style, and many popular recordings are imported from Europe, the United States and Democratic Republic of the Congo. In spite of this influx of popular styles, a few home-grown talents have emerged such as Koudbi Koala's Saaba, who perform traditional Mossi music from the region around Ouagadougou, the nation's capital. Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso's second-largest city, is a cultural centre of Burkina Faso's Mande people of the southwest.
Popular traditional groups from Burkina Faso include balafon bands, percussion ensembles and others such as Farafina and Gabin Dabiré, who uses elements of traditional Burkinabé music.[1]
Traditional music
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The Djeli, a caste of courtly praise-singers in Burkina Faso, function like the griots elsewhere in West Africa: at each ruler's funeral they recite the names and histories of past rulers, they intervene in people's personal affairs and perform at social gatherings. The Mossi and their griots retain ancient royal courts and courtly music.
The kora, the stringed instrument of the djeli, has been popular throughout much of West Africa since the Malian empire of the 1240s. The instrument traditionally featured seven strings until the Gambian griot Madi Woulendi increased that number to twenty-one. The kora can be played in several scales including the hypolydian mode (saouta), silaba, sim'bi and mandéka.
Mande-speakers are also known for the balafon, a kind of wooden xylophone, the exact characteristics of which can vary depending on the maker. The Dagara, Bwa and Senufo peoples also have their own varieties.
Djembe drums, like balafons, are often manufactured in Bobo Dioulasso. The djembe, a vital part of Burkinabé traditional music, is said to be of Malinké origin. It is made from a single piece of wood, usually from a caïlcedrat or lenke tree.
The bendré drum (called bara in Mali and dumaa among the Hausa) is a membranophone made from a gourd with the top cut off and covered with goat or sheep skin. It is an ancient instrument, probably introduced during the reign of Naaba Oubri to be played in sacred music at the royal courts of Moaga by a head drummer (benaaba) who strikes the center or edges of the drum to make varying sounds.
Another stringed instrument is called the n'goni. Legend says it was invented by a Senufo hunter. The n'goni is also played in Niger, Senegal and Mali.
The Fula people (Fulbe) of the north play a variety of traditional instruments including drums, hoddu (or xalam, a plucked skin-covered lute related to the banjo) the and riti or riiti (a one-string bowed instrument), and use complex vocal techniques with clapping percussion. Their griots are known as gawlo.
References
- Bensignor, François. "Hidden Treasure". 2000. In Broughton, Simon and Ellingham, Mark with McConnachie, James and Duane, Orla (Ed.), World Music, Vol. 1: Africa, Europe and the Middle East, pp 437–439. Rough Guides Ltd, Penguin Books. ISBN 1-85828-636-0
- ^ "Music of Burkina Faso". Frank Bessem's Musiques d'Afrique. Archived from the original on 2005-04-06. Retrieved 15 December 2005.
External links
- Template:Fr Audio clips: Traditional music of Burkina Faso. Musée d'Ethnographie de Genève. Accessed November 25, 2010.
- Audio clip: Balafon. Burkina Faso Cultural Heritage Branch. Accessed November 25, 2010.
- Audio clip: Djembe. Burkina Faso Cultural Heritage Branch. Accessed November 25, 2010.
- Audio clip: Bendré. Burkina Faso Cultural Heritage Branch. Accessed November 25, 2010.
- Audio clip: Kora. Burkina Faso Cultural Heritage Branch. Accessed November 25, 2010.
- Audio clip: N'goni. Burkina Faso Cultural Heritage Branch. Accessed November 25, 2010.
Two current CDs of traditional Burkinabe music are available through Nonesuch Records: 1. Savannah Rhythms and 2. Music of the Grasslands
Documentary films of traditional Burkinabe musicians and celebrations have been published by African Family Films.
