John Wesley Turner

John Wesley Turner
Born	(1833-07-19)July 19, 1833 Saratoga, New York
Died	April 8, 1899(1899-04-08) (aged 65) St. Louis, Missouri
Allegiance	United States of America Union
Service / branch	Union Army
Years of service	1851–1871
Rank	Brigadier General Brevet Major General, U.S.V.
Commands	XXIV Corps
Battles / wars	American Civil War Battle of Fort Pulaski Second Battle of Fort Wagner Siege of Charleston Harbor Bermuda Hundred Campaign Second Battle of Deep Bottom Battle of the Crater Battle of Fort Gregg Battle of Appomattox

John Wesley Turner was a career U.S. Army officer and Union Army general during the American Civil War. Turner spent much of the war as a staff officer and division commander taking a prominent part in the Appomattox Campaign.

Early life

Turner was born in New York in 1833 and was appointed to West Point at age 18. He graduated in 1855. He was assigned to the 1st U.S. Artillery and fought in the Third Seminole War.

Civil War

Early Service

When the Civil War began, Turner was 1st lieutenant and was quickly promoted to captain. He served on the staff of David Hunter first in Kansas then in the Department of the South where he rendered valuable services at the battle of Fort Pulaski.

Charleston

On June 13, 1863 Turner was appointed chief of staff in the Department of the South under Quincy A. Gillmore. He participated in the operations against Charleston, South Carolina in 1863. On September 6, 1863 Turner was awarded a brevet promotion to Major, U.S. Army for his service at Battery Wagner. The following day he was appointed brigadier general of U.S. Volunteers.

Petersburg

In May 1864 Gillmore's X Corps was transferred to the Petersburg front and Turner continued as chief of staff through the Bermuda Hundred Campaign. On June 22, 1864 he received his first infantry command of the war at the head of the 2nd Division, X Corps. Turner and his division participated in the Siege of Petersburg, primarily north of the James River. Although held in reserve at the battle of the Crater, Turner was nonetheless given a brevet promotion to lieutenant colonel, U.S. Army. During the Winter of 1864/1865 he served as chief of staff to the Army of the James.

Fort Gregg and Appomattox

The defeat of Confederate forces in the Shenandoah Valley freed up available units in Philip H. Sheridan's Army of the Shenandoah to be sent to the Petersburg front. In March, Turner assumed command of the so-called Independent Division of reinforcements from the recently victorious Army of the Shenandoah. Despite its name, Turner's Independent Division was attached to the newly created XXIV Corps under John Gibbon. At the end of the Petersburg Campaign, Gibbon's corps was assigned the task of assaulting Forts Gregg and Whitworth. Turner's division was split between the two forts, sending one brigade against the lesser Fort Whitworth, while the other two joined Robert S. Foster in the main thrust against Fort Gregg. With the fall of Petersburg, Turner participated in the forced march to Appomattox Courthouse, where he and other troops of the Army of the James directly intercepted Robert E. Lee and the Army of Northern Virginia. Turner was given a brevet promotions to colonel, brigadier general and major general in the U.S. Army for services at Petersburg.

Later life

Turner was in command of the XXIV Corps when he was mustered out of the volunteer service on September 1, 1866. He continued service in the U.S. Army until 1871. In private life he worked as a banker, civil engineer and public works commissioner in St. Louis until his death in 1899. He is buried in Calvary Cemetery.

Sources

• Eicher, John H., and David J. Eicher. Civil War High Commands. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2001. ISBN 0-8047-3641-3.