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==Career==
==Career==
Hammoud was an intelligence officer served in [[West Beirut]].<ref name=bulletin>{{cite news|title=Irish envot meets Syrian|url=http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=ukwPAAAAIBAJ&sjid=bYYDAAAAIBAJ&pg=4782,28803&dq=ali+hammoud+syrian&hl=en|accessdate=10 January 2013|newspaper=The Bulletin|date=15 July 1990|location=Beirut}}</ref> During his term in Lebanon, he had close ties with [[Emile Lahoud]].<ref name=meib01>{{cite journal|last=Gambill|first=Gary C.|coauthors=Ziad K. Abdelnour and Bassam Endrawos|title=Dossier: Emile Lahoud|journal=Middle East Intelligence Bulletin|date=November 2001|volume=3|issue=11|url=http://www.meforum.org/meib/articles/0111_ld1.htm|accessdate=10 January 2013}}</ref> He also served as head of the general security administration and involved in suppressing the Islamic revolt during the period of 1976-1982.<ref name=zisser/>
Hammoud served as head of the general security administration and involved in suppressing the Islamic revolt during the period of 1976-1982.<ref name=zisser/> He was an intelligence officer served in [[West Beirut]].<ref name=bulletin>{{cite news|title=Irish envot meets Syrian|url=http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=ukwPAAAAIBAJ&sjid=bYYDAAAAIBAJ&pg=4782,28803&dq=ali+hammoud+syrian&hl=en|accessdate=10 January 2013|newspaper=The Bulletin|date=15 July 1990|location=Beirut}}</ref> Then he was made Syria's military intelligence chief in Beirut and had the rank of [[brigadier general]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Syria Rejects Iranian Role in Beirut Force|url=http://articles.latimes.com/1988-05-24/news/mn-3203_1_iranian-deputy|accessdate=14 August 2013|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|date=24 May 1988|agency=AP|location=Beirut}}</ref> During his term in Lebanon, he had close ties with [[Emile Lahoud]].<ref name=meib01>{{cite journal|last=Gambill|first=Gary C.|coauthors=Ziad K. Abdelnour and Bassam Endrawos|title=Dossier: Emile Lahoud|journal=Middle East Intelligence Bulletin|date=November 2001|volume=3|issue=11|url=http://www.meforum.org/meib/articles/0111_ld1.htm|accessdate=10 January 2013}}</ref>


Hammoud was named the head of [[General Security Directorate (Syria)|the General Security Directorate]] in October 2001, replacing Ali Houri.<ref name=meib/><ref name=meibnov11>{{cite journal|title=Assad Launches Major Cabinet Reshuffle|journal=Middle East Intelligence Bulletin|date=November 2001|volume=3|issue=11|url=http://www.meforum.org/meib/articles/0112_sb.htm|accessdate=24 February 2013}}</ref> He was [[brigadier general]] when he was appointed.<ref name=meibnov11/> Shortly after he was appointed interior minister in December 2001 in a cabinet reshuffle by [[Bashar Assad]] and replaced Mohammad Harba as interior minister.<ref name=zisser>{{cite journal|last=Zisser|first=Eyal|title=Bashar Al Assad and his Regime- Between Continuity and Change|journal=Orient|date=June 2004|volume=45|issue=2|pages=239-256|url=http://www.ou.edu/mideast/Additional%20pages%20-%20non-catagory/Zisser_al-Asad_and_his_Regime_2004.htm|accessdate=9 February 2013}}</ref><ref name=arabicn14dec>{{cite news|title=New Syrian governments formed, 33 ministers, including 4 prime minister deputies, 17 ministers for the first time|url=http://www.arabicnews.com/ansub/Daily/Day/011214/2001121411.html|accessdate=24 February 2013|newspaper=Arabic News|date=14 December 2001}}</ref><ref name=samidec01>{{cite journal|last=Moubayed|first=Sami|title=Ushering in the new|journal=Al Ahram Weekly|date=20-26 December 2001|volume=565|url=http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2001/565/re6.htm|accessdate=24 February 2013}}</ref> Hammoud was also promoted to the rank of [[major general]].<ref name=Eur2003>{{cite book|author=Eur|title=The Middle East and North Africa 2003|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=4CfBKvsiWeQC&pg=PA1019|accessdate=15 March 2013|year=2003|publisher=Europa Publications|isbn=978-1-85743-132-2|pages=1019}}</ref> [[Cabinet of Syria (2001–2003)|The cabinet]] was headed by then prime minister [[Muhammad Mustafa Mero]].<ref name=albawaba01>{{cite news|title=New Syrian Government Formed; Veteran Guards Retain Defence and Foreign Portfolios|url=http://www.albawaba.com/news/new-syrian-government-formed-veteran-guards-retain-defence-and-foreign-portfolios|accessdate=9 February 2013|newspaper=Albawaba|date=14 December 2001}}</ref> [[Hisham Ikhtiar]] succeeded Hammoud as the head of the General Security Directorate.<ref name=bar2006>{{cite journal|last=Bar|first=Shmuel|title=Bashar’s Syria: The Regime and its Strategic Worldview|journal=IPS|year=2006|url=http://www.herzliyaconference.org/_Uploads/2590Bashars.pdf|accessdate=12 March 2013}}</ref> Hammoud served as interior minister until 2004 when he was replaced by [[Ghazi Kanaan]].<ref name=bbcob>{{cite news|title=Obituary: Ghazi Kanaan|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/4334626.stm|accessdate=10 January 2013|newspaper=BBC|date=12 October 2005}}</ref><ref name=itp16oct>{{cite news|title=Syrian minister kills himself after UN quiz|url=http://www.itp.net/484402-syrian-minister-kills-himself-after-un-quiz#.USndQKVSjm4|accessdate=24 February 2013|newspaper=ITP|date=16 October 2005}}</ref>
Hammoud was named the head of [[General Security Directorate (Syria)|the General Security Directorate]] in October 2001, replacing Ali Houri.<ref name=meib/><ref name=meibnov11>{{cite journal|title=Assad Launches Major Cabinet Reshuffle|journal=Middle East Intelligence Bulletin|date=November 2001|volume=3|issue=11|url=http://www.meforum.org/meib/articles/0112_sb.htm|accessdate=24 February 2013}}</ref> Shortly after he was appointed interior minister in December 2001 in a cabinet reshuffle by [[Bashar Assad]] and replaced Mohammad Harba as interior minister.<ref name=zisser>{{cite journal|last=Zisser|first=Eyal|title=Bashar Al Assad and his Regime- Between Continuity and Change|journal=Orient|date=June 2004|volume=45|issue=2|pages=239-256|url=http://www.ou.edu/mideast/Additional%20pages%20-%20non-catagory/Zisser_al-Asad_and_his_Regime_2004.htm|accessdate=9 February 2013}}</ref><ref name=arabicn14dec>{{cite news|title=New Syrian governments formed, 33 ministers, including 4 prime minister deputies, 17 ministers for the first time|url=http://www.arabicnews.com/ansub/Daily/Day/011214/2001121411.html|accessdate=24 February 2013|newspaper=Arabic News|date=14 December 2001}}</ref><ref name=samidec01>{{cite journal|last=Moubayed|first=Sami|title=Ushering in the new|journal=Al Ahram Weekly|date=20-26 December 2001|volume=565|url=http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2001/565/re6.htm|accessdate=24 February 2013}}</ref> Hammoud was also promoted to the rank of [[major general]].<ref name=Eur2003>{{cite book|author=Eur|title=The Middle East and North Africa 2003|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=4CfBKvsiWeQC&pg=PA1019|accessdate=15 March 2013|year=2003|publisher=Europa Publications|isbn=978-1-85743-132-2|pages=1019}}</ref> [[Cabinet of Syria (2001–2003)|The cabinet]] was headed by then prime minister [[Muhammad Mustafa Mero]].<ref name=albawaba01>{{cite news|title=New Syrian Government Formed; Veteran Guards Retain Defence and Foreign Portfolios|url=http://www.albawaba.com/news/new-syrian-government-formed-veteran-guards-retain-defence-and-foreign-portfolios|accessdate=9 February 2013|newspaper=Albawaba|date=14 December 2001}}</ref> [[Hisham Ikhtiar]] succeeded Hammoud as the head of the General Security Directorate.<ref name=bar2006>{{cite journal|last=Bar|first=Shmuel|title=Bashar’s Syria: The Regime and its Strategic Worldview|journal=IPS|year=2006|url=http://www.herzliyaconference.org/_Uploads/2590Bashars.pdf|accessdate=12 March 2013}}</ref> Hammoud served as interior minister until 2004 when he was replaced by [[Ghazi Kanaan]].<ref name=bbcob>{{cite news|title=Obituary: Ghazi Kanaan|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/4334626.stm|accessdate=10 January 2013|newspaper=BBC|date=12 October 2005}}</ref><ref name=itp16oct>{{cite news|title=Syrian minister kills himself after UN quiz|url=http://www.itp.net/484402-syrian-minister-kills-himself-after-un-quiz#.USndQKVSjm4|accessdate=24 February 2013|newspaper=ITP|date=16 October 2005}}</ref>


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 11:18, 14 August 2013

Ali Hammoud
علي حمود
Minister of Interior
In office
December 2001 – 2004
PresidentBashar Assad
Prime MinisterMuhammad Mustafa Mero
Preceded byMohammad Harba
Succeeded byGhazi Kanaan
Personal details
Born1944 (age 79–80)
Homs
Political partySyrian Regional Branch of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party
Military service
RankMajor General

Ali Haj Hammoud (Template:Lang-ar) (born 1944) is a former Syrian intelligence officer who served as minister of interior.

Early life

Hammoud was born in Homs into an Alawite family in 1944.[1][2]

Career

Hammoud served as head of the general security administration and involved in suppressing the Islamic revolt during the period of 1976-1982.[1] He was an intelligence officer served in West Beirut.[3] Then he was made Syria's military intelligence chief in Beirut and had the rank of brigadier general.[4] During his term in Lebanon, he had close ties with Emile Lahoud.[5]

Hammoud was named the head of the General Security Directorate in October 2001, replacing Ali Houri.[2][6] Shortly after he was appointed interior minister in December 2001 in a cabinet reshuffle by Bashar Assad and replaced Mohammad Harba as interior minister.[1][7][8] Hammoud was also promoted to the rank of major general.[9] The cabinet was headed by then prime minister Muhammad Mustafa Mero.[10] Hisham Ikhtiar succeeded Hammoud as the head of the General Security Directorate.[11] Hammoud served as interior minister until 2004 when he was replaced by Ghazi Kanaan.[12][13]

References

  1. ^ a b c Zisser, Eyal (June 2004). "Bashar Al Assad and his Regime- Between Continuity and Change". Orient. 45 (2): 239–256. Retrieved 9 February 2013.
  2. ^ a b Gambill, Gary C. (February 2002). "The Military-Intelligence Shakeup in Syria". Middle East Intelligence Bulletin. 4 (2). Retrieved 7 July 2012.
  3. ^ "Irish envot meets Syrian". The Bulletin. Beirut. 15 July 1990. Retrieved 10 January 2013.
  4. ^ "Syria Rejects Iranian Role in Beirut Force". Los Angeles Times. Beirut. AP. 24 May 1988. Retrieved 14 August 2013.
  5. ^ Gambill, Gary C. (November 2001). "Dossier: Emile Lahoud". Middle East Intelligence Bulletin. 3 (11). Retrieved 10 January 2013. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  6. ^ "Assad Launches Major Cabinet Reshuffle". Middle East Intelligence Bulletin. 3 (11). November 2001. Retrieved 24 February 2013.
  7. ^ "New Syrian governments formed, 33 ministers, including 4 prime minister deputies, 17 ministers for the first time". Arabic News. 14 December 2001. Retrieved 24 February 2013.
  8. ^ Moubayed, Sami (20–26 December 2001). "Ushering in the new". Al Ahram Weekly. 565. Retrieved 24 February 2013.
  9. ^ Eur (2003). The Middle East and North Africa 2003. Europa Publications. p. 1019. ISBN 978-1-85743-132-2. Retrieved 15 March 2013.
  10. ^ "New Syrian Government Formed; Veteran Guards Retain Defence and Foreign Portfolios". Albawaba. 14 December 2001. Retrieved 9 February 2013.
  11. ^ Bar, Shmuel (2006). "Bashar's Syria: The Regime and its Strategic Worldview" (PDF). IPS. Retrieved 12 March 2013.
  12. ^ "Obituary: Ghazi Kanaan". BBC. 12 October 2005. Retrieved 10 January 2013.
  13. ^ "Syrian minister kills himself after UN quiz". ITP. 16 October 2005. Retrieved 24 February 2013.
Political offices
Preceded by
Mohammad Harba
 Interior Minister
2001–2004 		Succeeded by
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