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'''Perciformes''', also called the Percomorphi or Acanthopteri, are the largest order of vertebrates, containing about 40% of all bony fishes. Perciformes means "perch-like". They belong to the class of ray-finned fish, and comprise over 10,000 species found in almost all aquatic environments. The order contains about 160 families, which is the most of any order within the vertebrates.<ref name="nelson">{{Cite book
'''Perciformes''', also called the Percomorphi or Acanthopteri, are the largest order of [[vertebrates]], containing about 40% of all [[bony fish]]<nowiki/>es. Perciformes means "perch-like". They belong to the class of ray-finned fish, and comprise over 10,000 species found in almost all aquatic environments. The order contains about 160 families, which is the most of any order within the vertebrates.<ref name="nelson">{{Cite book
| edition = 4 | publisher = John Wiley & Sons | isbn = 978-0-471-25031-9 | last = Nelson | first = J. S. | title = [[Fishes of the World]] | location = Hoboken, NJ | date = 2006}}</ref> It is also the most variably sized order of vertebrates, ranging from the {{convert|7|mm|in|abbr=on|adj=on}} Schindleria brevipinguis to the Makaira species. They first appeared and diversified in the Late Cretaceous.
| edition = 4 | publisher = John Wiley & Sons | isbn = 978-0-471-25031-9 | last = Nelson | first = J. S. | title = [[Fishes of the World]] | location = Hoboken, NJ | date = 2006}}</ref> It is also the most variably sized order of vertebrates, ranging from the {{convert|7|mm|in|abbr=on|adj=on}} Schindleria brevipinguis to the Makaira species. They first appeared and diversified in the Late Cretaceous.


Revision as of 10:24, 21 August 2013

Perciformes
Yellow perch (Perca flavescens)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Chordata
Subphylum:
Vertebrata
Superclass:
Osteichthyes
Class:
Actinopterygii
Subclass:
Neopterygii
Infraclass:
Teleostei
Superorder:
Acanthopterygii
Order:
Perciformes

Bleeker, 1859
Suborders

many, see text

Perciformes, also called the Percomorphi or Acanthopteri, are the largest order of vertebrates, containing about 40% of all bony fishes. Perciformes means "perch-like". They belong to the class of ray-finned fish, and comprise over 10,000 species found in almost all aquatic environments. The order contains about 160 families, which is the most of any order within the vertebrates.[1] It is also the most variably sized order of vertebrates, ranging from the 7 mm (0.28 in) Schindleria brevipinguis to the Makaira species. They first appeared and diversified in the Late Cretaceous.

Among the well-known members of this group are cichlids, sunfish/bluegill, damselfish, bass, and perch.

Characteristics

Primitive perch Palaeoperca proxima

The dorsal and anal fins are divided into anterior spiny and posterior soft-rayed portions, which may be partially or completely separated. The pelvic fins usually have one spine and up to five soft rays, positioned unusually far forward under the chin or under the belly. Scales are usually ctenoid, although sometimes they are cycloid or otherwise modified. Various technical characteristics further define the group.[clarification needed]

Taxonomy

Classification is controversial. As traditionally[vague] defined, the Perciformes are almost certainly paraphyletic. Other orders that should possibly be included as suborders are the Scorpaeniformes, Tetraodontiformes, and Pleuronectiformes. Of the presently recognized suborders, several may be paraphyletic, as well.These are grouped by suborder/superfamily, generally following the text Fishes of the World.[1][2][3]

References

  1. ^ a b Nelson, J. S. (2006). Fishes of the World (4 ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-0-471-25031-9.
  2. ^ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Order Perciformes". FishBase. February 2013 version.
  3. ^ "ADW: Perciformes". http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu. Animal Diversity Web. Retrieved 22 May 2013. {{cite web}}: External link in |work= (help)
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