Mikołaj Zebrzydowski: Difference between revisions
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[[Image:Herb_Radwan.svg|thumb|right|Radwan Coat of Arms]] |
[[Image:Herb_Radwan.svg|thumb|right|Radwan Coat of Arms]] |
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'''Mikołaj Zebrzydowski''' (1553–1620) of [[Radwan Coat of Arms]], [[voivode]] of [[Lublin]] from 1589, [[Grand Crown Marshal]] 1596–1600, voivode of [[Kraków]] from 1601. |
'''Mikołaj Zebrzydowski''' (1553–1620) of [[Radwan Coat of Arms]], [[voivode]] of [[Lublin]] from 1589, [[Grand Crown Marshal]] 1596–1600, voivode of [[Kraków]] from 1601. He is famous for an armed rebellion against King [[Zygmunt III Waza]], the [[Zebrzydowski Rebellion]], a [[rokosz]] named after himself. It took place in 1606, and was defeated by 1607. After the failed rebellion, he sponsored the creation of the Roman-Catholic monastery of [[Kalwaria Zebrzydowska]], which is regarded as one of the most important pilgrimage sites of Poland. |
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| ⚫ | Zebrzydowski was born in 1553 in |
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| ⚫ | Zebrzydowski was born in 1553 in Kraków, into a family which became powerful and influential in the second half of the 16th century. His grandfather Jan Zebrzydowski (died probably 1538) was a royal [[rittmeister]]. His father Florian, who died in 1566, was a [[castellan]] of [[Oświęcim]] and [[Lublin]], and a court [[hetman]]. Florian Zebrzydowski authored a book on military discipline, titled ''Poruczenie wojenne''. Mikołaj's mother, Zofia (nee Dzik), came from a petty [[szlachta]] family. Mikołaj was their only known child. From 1565 to 1569 he attended a [[jesuit]] [[Collegium Hosianum|collegium]] at [[Braniewo]]. He took part in wars of [[Stefan Batory]] [[Danzig rebellion|against Gdańsk]] (1577), and against the [[Tsardom of Russia]]. In the [[Livonian campaign of Stephen Báthory]], Mikołaj Zebrzydowski was the rittmeister of a 150-strong [[hussar]] regiment. He fought in several battles in that conflict, after which in 1582 retured to Poland. Probably due to protection of [[Jan Zamoyski]], he was nominated the [[starosta]] of [[Stężyca, Lublin Voivodeship|Stężyca]], and in 1585, was named the starosta of Kraków. In 1583 he married Zofia (nee Herburt), with whom he had two kids, son [[Jan Zebrzydowski]] (husband of [[Barbara Lubomirska (17th century)|Barbara Lubomirska]]), and daughter Zofia. His wife died in 1610. |
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| ⚫ | During the 1587 [[Royal elections in Poland|free royal election]], he supported [[Sigismund III Vasa|Zygmunt Vasa]], and financially supported Vasa's faction in the [[War of the Polish Succession (1587–88)]]. After the conflict, he was named [[Voivode]] of [[Lublin]] and court [[hetman]]. In 1595, Zebrzydowski participated in Jan Zamoyski's raid to [[Moldova]], and in 1601, was promoted to the title of Voivode of Kraków. In ca. 1605, he became dissatisfied with King Zygmunt's attempts to strengthen royal power and weaken the nobility. The King tried to reform the administration and the treasury, also to create a permanent army. Zebrzydowski opposed it, as in his opinion, royal plans were a threat to the so-called [[Golden Liberty]]. He first voiced his opposition during a Kraków Voivodeship [[sejmik]] in [[Proszowice]] (February 16, 1606). Zebrzydowski stated that in order to restrain the King and control the [[Sejm]], the nobility had to gather near [[Warsaw]]. His speech was warmly welcomed, and on February 23, the sejmik of [[Lesser Poland]], |
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| ⚫ | During the 1587 [[Royal elections in Poland|free royal election]], he supported [[Sigismund III Vasa|Zygmunt Vasa]], and financially supported Vasa's faction in the [[War of the Polish Succession (1587–88)]]. After the conflict, he was named [[Voivode]] of [[Lublin]] and court [[hetman]]. In 1595, Zebrzydowski participated in Jan Zamoyski's raid to [[Moldova]], and in 1601, was promoted to the title of Voivode of Kraków. In ca. 1605, he became dissatisfied with King Zygmunt's attempts to strengthen royal power and weaken the nobility. The King tried to reform the administration and the treasury, also to create a permanent army. Zebrzydowski opposed it, as in his opinion, royal plans were a threat to the so-called [[Golden Liberty]]. He first voiced his opposition during a Kraków Voivodeship [[sejmik]] in [[Proszowice]] (February 16, 1606). Zebrzydowski stated that in order to restrain the King and control the [[Sejm]], the nobility had to gather near [[Warsaw]], adding that the ''homeland'' was in danger. His speech was warmly welcomed, and on February 23, the sejmik of [[Lesser Poland]], which took place in [[Nowy Korczyn]], rejected royal plans, urging the Polish-Lithuanian nobility to concentrate at Stężyca, on April 9. |
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In 1606 Zebrzydowski organized a legal rebellion - [[rokosz of Zebrzydowski]] against Zygmunt. Defeated in 1607, after which he retired to a [[monastery]]. Sponsored the creation of the city of [[Kalwaria Zebrzydowska]]. |
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Since the rebellious nobility, gathered at Stężyca, had no idea how to fight the King, another meeting was called in Lublin, on June 5. There, the nobility called a meeting at [[Sandomierz]] (August 6), while royal supporters gathered in nearby [[Wiślica]]. Both camps wrote lists of their demands, called the ''Wiślica Bills'' and the ''Sandomierz Bills''. After King's rejection of the ''Sandomierz Bills'', the rebels called for a [[pospolite ruszenie]], and the two camps faced each other at [[Janowiec]], where leaders of the rebellion, Mikołaj Zebrzydowski and [[Janusz Radziwiłł]], apologized to the King (October 8, 1606). |
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The rebellion, however, did not end, as news of it reached [[Greater Poland]]. On February 14, 1607, local nobility gathered at a sejmik in [[Koło]] urged their Lesser Polish brethren to complete the rebellion, and to meet on March 28 in [[Jędrzejów]]. By that time, however, the rokosz lost its momentum, and the rebel camp was first moved to [[Wąchock]], then to [[Sieciechów, Masovian Voivodeship|Sieciechów]], and finally to [[Czersk, Masovian Voivodeship|Czersk]]. On June 24, 1607, near [[Jeziorna]], the rebels renounced their allegiance to the King. On July 5, 1607, they were defeated in the [[Battle of Guzów]], which ended the rokosz. Zebrzydowski himself made his peace with the King on August 24, 1608 in Kraków. |
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After the rebellion, Zebrzydowski continued to participate in political life of Poland. He did not fight in the [[Polish–Muscovite War (1605–18)]], instead sending a few hundred of soldiers to guard the Transilvanian border against the possible invasion of [[Gabriel Bathory]]. He also appeared at the Sejms in 1613 and 1615, publicly supporting the King. After his death in 1620, he was buried in a Benedictine [[Religious habit|habit]]. |
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Father of [[Jan Zebrzydowski]]. |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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* [http://www.ruinyizamki.pl/poczet-sobiepanow/zebrzydowski.htm Poczet Sobiepanów - Mikołaj Zebrzydowski] {{pl icon}} |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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Revision as of 04:15, 26 August 2013
Mikołaj Zebrzydowski (1553–1620) of Radwan Coat of Arms, voivode of Lublin from 1589, Grand Crown Marshal 1596–1600, voivode of Kraków from 1601. He is famous for an armed rebellion against King Zygmunt III Waza, the Zebrzydowski Rebellion, a rokosz named after himself. It took place in 1606, and was defeated by 1607. After the failed rebellion, he sponsored the creation of the Roman-Catholic monastery of Kalwaria Zebrzydowska, which is regarded as one of the most important pilgrimage sites of Poland.
Mikołaj Zebrzydowski is one of the personas on the famous painting by Jan Matejko: the sermons of Piotr Skarga.
Zebrzydowski was born in 1553 in Kraków, into a family which became powerful and influential in the second half of the 16th century. His grandfather Jan Zebrzydowski (died probably 1538) was a royal rittmeister. His father Florian, who died in 1566, was a castellan of Oświęcim and Lublin, and a court hetman. Florian Zebrzydowski authored a book on military discipline, titled Poruczenie wojenne. Mikołaj's mother, Zofia (nee Dzik), came from a petty szlachta family. Mikołaj was their only known child. From 1565 to 1569 he attended a jesuit collegium at Braniewo. He took part in wars of Stefan Batory against Gdańsk (1577), and against the Tsardom of Russia. In the Livonian campaign of Stephen Báthory, Mikołaj Zebrzydowski was the rittmeister of a 150-strong hussar regiment. He fought in several battles in that conflict, after which in 1582 retured to Poland. Probably due to protection of Jan Zamoyski, he was nominated the starosta of Stężyca, and in 1585, was named the starosta of Kraków. In 1583 he married Zofia (nee Herburt), with whom he had two kids, son Jan Zebrzydowski (husband of Barbara Lubomirska), and daughter Zofia. His wife died in 1610.
During the 1587 free royal election, he supported Zygmunt Vasa, and financially supported Vasa's faction in the War of the Polish Succession (1587–88). After the conflict, he was named Voivode of Lublin and court hetman. In 1595, Zebrzydowski participated in Jan Zamoyski's raid to Moldova, and in 1601, was promoted to the title of Voivode of Kraków. In ca. 1605, he became dissatisfied with King Zygmunt's attempts to strengthen royal power and weaken the nobility. The King tried to reform the administration and the treasury, also to create a permanent army. Zebrzydowski opposed it, as in his opinion, royal plans were a threat to the so-called Golden Liberty. He first voiced his opposition during a Kraków Voivodeship sejmik in Proszowice (February 16, 1606). Zebrzydowski stated that in order to restrain the King and control the Sejm, the nobility had to gather near Warsaw, adding that the homeland was in danger. His speech was warmly welcomed, and on February 23, the sejmik of Lesser Poland, which took place in Nowy Korczyn, rejected royal plans, urging the Polish-Lithuanian nobility to concentrate at Stężyca, on April 9.
Since the rebellious nobility, gathered at Stężyca, had no idea how to fight the King, another meeting was called in Lublin, on June 5. There, the nobility called a meeting at Sandomierz (August 6), while royal supporters gathered in nearby Wiślica. Both camps wrote lists of their demands, called the Wiślica Bills and the Sandomierz Bills. After King's rejection of the Sandomierz Bills, the rebels called for a pospolite ruszenie, and the two camps faced each other at Janowiec, where leaders of the rebellion, Mikołaj Zebrzydowski and Janusz Radziwiłł, apologized to the King (October 8, 1606).
The rebellion, however, did not end, as news of it reached Greater Poland. On February 14, 1607, local nobility gathered at a sejmik in Koło urged their Lesser Polish brethren to complete the rebellion, and to meet on March 28 in Jędrzejów. By that time, however, the rokosz lost its momentum, and the rebel camp was first moved to Wąchock, then to Sieciechów, and finally to Czersk. On June 24, 1607, near Jeziorna, the rebels renounced their allegiance to the King. On July 5, 1607, they were defeated in the Battle of Guzów, which ended the rokosz. Zebrzydowski himself made his peace with the King on August 24, 1608 in Kraków.
After the rebellion, Zebrzydowski continued to participate in political life of Poland. He did not fight in the Polish–Muscovite War (1605–18), instead sending a few hundred of soldiers to guard the Transilvanian border against the possible invasion of Gabriel Bathory. He also appeared at the Sejms in 1613 and 1615, publicly supporting the King. After his death in 1620, he was buried in a Benedictine habit.
See also
References
- "Zebrzydowski Mikołaj". Internetowa encyklopedia PWN (in Polish). Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN. Retrieved 2008-02-17.
- Poczet Sobiepanów - Mikołaj Zebrzydowski Template:Pl icon
External links
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