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Stephen Harper is a puppet of Dubya
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| post-name=[[Queen's Privy Council for Canada|PC]], [[Member of the Canadian House of Commons|MP]], [[Master of Arts (postgraduate)|MA]]
| post-name=[[Queen's Privy Council for Canada|PC]], [[Member of the Canadian House of Commons|MP]], [[Master of Arts (postgraduate)|MA]]
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| date_birth=[[April 30]], [[1959]] <!-- some sources say 20th, but Parliament website biography says 30th [http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/about/people/key/bio.asp?Language=E&query=133&s=M&md=1] -->
Canadian Issues: Stephen Harper: In his own words…
| place_birth=[[Toronto, Ontario]]
Canadian
| party=[[Conservative Party of Canada|Conservative]]
| spouse=[[Laureen Teskey]]
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<!--Before putting The Right Honourable in front of his name please read [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style (biographies)#Honorific prefixes]] -->
'''Stephen Harper''' (born [[April 30]], [[1959]]) is the 22nd and current [[Prime Minister of Canada]] and leader of the [[Conservative Party of Canada]]. He became Prime Minister after leading the Conservatives to a [[minority government]] win in the [[Canadian federal election, 2006|January 2006 federal election]], which ended more than twelve years of [[Liberal Party of Canada|Liberal]] government.


Human Rights Commissions:
Harper has been the [[Member of Parliament]] (MP) for the [[riding]] of [[Calgary Southwest]] in [[Alberta]] since 2002, having previously served as the MP for [[Calgary West]] from 1993 to 1997. According to Canadian protocol, as Prime Minister, he is styled "[[The Right Honourable]]" for life.
"Human rights commissions, as they are evolving, are an attack o­n our fundamental freedoms and the basic existence of a democratic society…It is in fact totalitarianism. I find this is very scary stuff." (BC Report Newsmagazine, January 11, 1999)


On being ‘libertarian’
As one of the founding members of the [[Reform Party of Canada|Reform Party]], he ended his first stint as an MP to head the [[National Citizens Coalition]]. After the ousting of leader [[Stockwell Day]] in 2002, Harper became leader of the [[Canadian Alliance]] and returned to Parliament. In 2003, he successfully reached an agreement with [[Progressive Conservative Party of Canada|Progressive Conservative]] leader [[Peter MacKay]] to merge the Canadian Alliance with the Progressive Conservative Party to form the Conservative Party of Canada. He was elected as the new party's first leader in March 2004.
“But I'm very libertarian in the sense that I believe in small government and, as a general rule, I don't believe in imposing values upon people.” (National Post, March 6, 2004)


Economic conservatism, Harper says during an interview in his Calgary office, is libertarian in nature, emphasizing markets and choice. Libertarian conservatives work to dismantle the remaining elements of the interventionist state and move towards “a market society for the 21st century.” (Toronto Star, April 6, 1997)
==Background==
Stephen Harper is the eldest of three sons born to Margaret Johnstone and the late Joseph Harper (1927-2003), an [[accounting|accountant]] who worked with [[Imperial Oil]]. He was born and raised in [[Toronto]] and lived at 332 Bessborough Drive in the community of [[Leaside]] and 57 Princess Anne Crescent in [[Etobicoke]]. He attended [[Richview Collegiate Institute]], a high school in Central [[Etobicoke]]. He graduated in 1978 as the top student of his graduating year.


Child Poverty:
Harper briefly studied at the [[University of Toronto]] before travelling to [[Edmonton, Alberta|Edmonton]], where he found employment in the [[oil industry|oil and gas industry]] as a [[computer programmer]] in his early twenties. He later attended the [[University of Calgary]], receiving a [[Master's degree]] in [[economics]]. His links to the University remain strong, and he has been a frequent lecturer there. Harper suffers from asthma.


In 1997, Harper bragged that he was opposed to government programs to eliminate child poverty:
Harper married [[Laureen Teskey]] in 1993. They have two children: Benjamin, born in 1996, and Rachel, born in 1999.
“These proposals included cries for billions of new money for social assistance in the name of “child poverty” and for more business subsidies in the name of “cultural identity”. In both cases I was sought out as a rare public figure to oppose such projects.” (The Bulldog, National Citizens Coalition, February 1997)


Universal Social Programs:
Harper is an avid fan of [[ice hockey]] and of the [[Calgary Flames]], and is currently writing a history book about the sport.


"Universality has been severely reduced: it is virtually dead as a concept in most areas of public policy…These achievements are due in part to the Reform Party…” (Speech to the Colin Brown Memorial Dinner, National Citizens Coalition, 1994)
Harper has been called a "[[policy wonk]]" by his friends and an "[[ideology|ideologue]]" by his detractors. Observers have suggested that he has recently sought to refine his image to appear more moderate and to appeal to a wider range of the electorate.


Bilingualism:
==Political beginnings==
He first became involved in politics in high school, serving as a member of the school's [[Young Liberals of Canada|Young Liberals Club]]. However, Harper's political allegiance later changed in opposition to the [[Pierre Trudeau|Trudeau]] [[Liberal Party of Canada|Liberal]] government's [[National Energy Program]] (NEP), which he thought was harming Alberta's [[energy industry]]. He became chief aide to Tory MP [[Jim Hawkes]] in 1985, but quickly became disillusioned with the government of [[Brian Mulroney]] and the Progressive Conservative (PC) Party. Harper was especially critical of the government's [[fiscal policy]] and inability to fully revoke the NEP until 1986. He left the PC Party in 1986.


“After all, enforced national bilingualism in this country isn’t mere policy. It has attained the status of a religion. It’s a dogma which o­ne is supposed to accept without question. … [M]ake no mistake. Canada is not a bilingual country. In fact it is less bilingual today than it has ever been...As a religion, bilingualism is the god that failed. It has led to no fairness, produced no unity, and cost Canadian taxpayers untold millions.” (Calgary Sun, May 6, 2001)
He was then recommended to [[Preston Manning]], the founder and leader of the Reform Party, by one of Harper's professors, noted Western economist [[Bob Mansell]]. Harper impressed Manning, who invited him to participate in the party. At age 28, he gave an important speech at Reform's 1987 founding convention in [[Winnipeg, Manitoba|Winnipeg]]. He became the Reform Party's Chief Policy Officer, and played a major role in drafting the 1988 election platform and creating Reform's campaign slogan, "The West wants in!"


Federalism:
In the [[Canadian federal election, 1988|1988 federal election]], Harper ran for a [[Canadian House of Commons|House of Commons]] seat in Calgary West as '''Steve Harper'''. Despite finishing second, he lost by a wide margin to Hawkes, his former employer. Harper was named executive assistant to newly-elected Reform MP [[Deborah Grey]] in 1989, and served as her chief advisor and speech writer until 1993.<ref>Geoff White, "Ottawa will be hearing from Reform MP", ''Calgary Herald'', 21 April 1989, A5.</ref> He also remained a prominent figure in the Reform Party's national organization through his role as policy chief. Harper encouraged the party to expand beyond its Western base in 1990, arguing that strictly regional parties are often at risk of being taken over by radical elements.<ref>Paul Gessell, "The "other' parties are picking up big followings", ''Kitchener-Waterloo Record'', 26 October 1990, A9.</ref> The following year, he delivered a speech condemning radical extremism at the Reform Party's national convention.<ref>George Oake, "Reform Party tries to avoid appearance of extremism", ''Toronto Star'', 6 April 1991, A12.</ref>


“It is imperative to take the initiative, to build firewalls around Alberta, to limit the extent to which an aggressive and hostile federal government can encroach upon legitimate provincial jurisdiction.” (National Post, January 24, 2001, “Open Letter to Ralph Klein”)
Harper's relationship with Manning became strained in 1992, as a result of conflicting strategies for the Reform Party's response to the [[Charlottetown Accord]]. Harper opposed the Accord in principle for ideological reasons, while Manning was more open to compromise. Harper also opposed Manning's decision to hire [[Rick Anderson]] as an advisor, believing that Anderson was not sufficiently committed to the principles of the Reform Party.<ref>William Johnson, ''Stephen Harper and the Future of Canada'', (Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 2005), pp. 179-183.</ref> He resigned as policy chief in October 1992, and focused on his own campaign in Calgary West.


“If Ottawa giveth, then Ottawa can taketh away… This is o­ne more reason why Westerners, but Albertans in particular, need to think hard about their future in this country. After sober reflection, Albertans should decide that it is time to seek a new relationship with Canada. …Having hit a wall, the next logical step is not to bang our heads against it. It is to take the bricks and begin building another home – a stronger and much more autonomous Alberta. It is time to look at Quebec and to learn. What Albertans should take from this example is to become “maitres chez nous”. (National Post, December 8, 2000)
Harper defeated Jim Hawkes in the [[Canadian federal election, 1993|1993 election]] amid a significant Reform breakthrough in Western Canada. His campaign benefited from a $50,000 print and television campaign organized by the [[National Citizens Coalition]] against Hawkes, although the NCC did not endorse Harper directly.<ref>Kenneth Whyte, "The right-wingers duke it out in the Calgary West corral", ''Globe and Mail'', 2 October 1993, D2.</ref>


“[T]he Liberals still insist o­n meddling in provincial jurisdiction in areas such as health care, education, and municipalities ….The federal government should refocus o­n its core areas of responsibility, and allow provinces to define their own priorities for their own societies. … Stephen Harper would seek to recognize, through federal-provincial agreements, that areas of jurisdiction such as labour market development, forestry, mining, housing, recreation, and municipal and urban affairs are exclusive areas of provincial jurisdiction, and to adequately compensate the provinces for withdrawing federal spending in these areas.” (Federalism for All Canadians, Stephen Harper Policy Paper, o­neconservativevoice.ca, March 2004)
==Reform MP==
Harper emerged a prominent member of the Reform Party caucus, and earned respect even from political opponents for his intellect and ideological commitment. Author [[Mordechai Richler]] once described him as the "one MP of substance" in the party.<ref>Mordechai Richler, "We're in trouble: There isn't even an illusion of choice in the upcoming federal election", ''Kitchener-Waterloo Record'', 22 April 1997, A11.</ref>


“Whether Canada ends up as o­ne national government or two national governments or several national governments, or some other kind of arrangement is, quite frankly, secondary in my opinion… And whether Canada ends up with o­ne national government or two governments or ten governments, the Canadian people will require less government no matter what the constitutional status or arrangement of any future country may be.” (Speech to the Colin Brown Memorial Dinner, National Citizens Coalition, 1994)
Harper was active on [[constitution]]al issues during his first term in parliament, and played a prominent role in drafting the Reform Party's strategy for the [[1995 Quebec referendum]]. A long-standing opponent of centralized [[Federalism#Federalism in Canada|federalism]], he stood with Preston Manning in [[Montreal]] to introduce a twenty-point plan to "decentralize and modernize" Canada in the event of a "no" victory.<ref>Neville Nankivell, "Reform's voice will grow louder", ''Financial Post'', 31 October 1995, p. 23.</ref> Harper later argued that the "no" side's narrow [[plurality]] was a worst-case scenario, in that no-one had won a mandate for change.<ref>"Harris joins other leaders in calling for change", ''Hamilton Spectator'', 31 October 1995, A1.</ref>


On Atlantic Canada:
Although not associated with the Reform Party's radical wing, Harper expressed [[social conservatism|socially conservative]] views on some issues. In 1994, he opposed plans by federal [[Minister of Justice (Canada)|Justice Minister]] [[Allan Rock]] to introduce spousal benefits for [[same-sex couple]]s. Citing the recent failure of a similar initiative in [[Ontario]], he was quoted as saying, "What I hope they learn is not to get into it. There are more important social and economic issues, not to mention the unity question".<ref>Marta Gold, "Same-sex fight going to Ottawa", ''Hamilton Spectator'', 10 June 1994, A3.</ref> Harper also spoke against the possibility of the [[Canadian Human Rights Commission]] or the [[Supreme Court of Canada|Supreme Court]] changing federal policy in these and other matters.<ref>Joan Crockett, "Robinson lays equality complaint", ''Hamilton Spectator'', 22 June 1994, A12.</ref>


"There is a dependence in the region that breeds a culture of defeatism," (CBC News, May 30, 2002)
At the Reform Party's 1994 policy convention, Harper was part of a small minority of delegates who voted against restricting the definition of marriage to "the union of one man and one woman".<ref>Edward Greenspon, "Stephen Harper: a neo-con in a land of liberals", ''Globe and Mail'', 23 March 2002, A17.</ref> He actually opposed both [[Same-sex marriage in Canada|same-sex marriage]] and mandated benefits for same-sex couples, but argued that political parties should not take official positions on these and other issues of conscience.<ref>Johnson, ''Stephen Harper'', p. 222.</ref>


"I think in Atlantic Canada, because of what happened in the decades following Confederation, there is a culture of defeat that we have to overcome. …Atlantic Canada's culture of defeat will be hard to overcome as long as Atlantic Canada is actually physically trailing the rest of the country." (New Brunswick Telegraph Journal, May 29, 2002)
Harper was the only Reform MP to vote for a bill establishing the [[Canadian gun registry]] at second reading stage in 1995, although he voted against it at third reading. He made his initial decision after concluding that a majority of his constituents supported the measure, but later decided that there was substantial opposition to the law.<ref>Dan Lett, "Outlaw Grits say no to party's gun bill", ''Winnipeg Free Press'', 6 April 1995 and "Gun bill advances despite three rebels", ''Hamilton Spectator'', 6 April 1995, A6; David Vienneau, "Torn MPs face high noon on gun law", ''Toronto Star'', 13 June 1995, A21.</ref> It was reported in April 1995 that some Progressive Conservatives opposed to [[Jean Charest]]'s leadership wanted to remove both Charest and Manning, and unite the Reform and Progressive Conservative parties under Harper's leadership.<ref>Susan Delacourt, "Charest, Manning dismiss reports of parties' merging", ''Globe and Mail'', 4 April 1995, A5.</ref>


"There's unfortunately a view of too many people in Atlantic Canada that it's o­nly through government favours that there's going to be economic progress, or that's what you look to …That kind of can't-do attitude is a problem in this country but it's obviously more serious in regions that have had have-not status for a long time." (Toronto Sun, May 31, 2002)
Despite his prominent position in the party, Harper's relationship with the Reform Party leadership was sometimes strained. In early 1994, he criticized a party decision to establish a personal expense account for Preston Manning, at a time when other Reform MPs had been asked to forego parliamentary [[employee benefit|perquisites]].<ref>Geoffrey York, "Reform MPs snarl at party rebuke", ''Globe and Mail'', 8 April 1994, A4.</ref> Harper's criticism proved divisive, and he was formally rebuked by the Reform executive council (despite winning support from some other MPs). His relationship with Manning grew increasingly fractious in the following years, and he pointedly declined to express any opinion on Manning's leadership during a 1996 interview.<ref>Edward Greenspon, "Reform's renewal off to slow start", ''Globe and Mail'', 1 August 1996, A4; Edward Greenspon, "Manning seeks to repeat party's surge", ''Globe and Mail'', 2 August 1996, A4.</ref> The open friction between Harper and Manning was indictative of a more fundamental divide between the two men. Harper was strongly committed to conservative principles and opposed Manning's inclinations toward [[populism]], which he saw as leading to compromise on core ideological matters.<ref>Kenneth Whyte, "That Manning and Harper would clash has always been a safe bet", ''Globe and Mail'', 9 April 1994, D2; [http://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/RTGAM.20060114.wxibbitson14/BNStory/specialNewTory2006/national/?pageRequested=all John Ibbitson, "Who is Stephen Harper?"], ''Globe and Mail'', 14 January 2006, online edition.</ref>


“I've taken my position and frankly it's the same position that I took all through the [Alliance] leadership race. I delivered [speeches] everywhere I went, including in the Maritime provinces o­n several occasions, about the spirit of defeatism in the country and what drives it and how we have to address it.” (National Post, May 31, 2002)
These tensions culminated in late 1996 when Harper announced that he would not be a candidate in the [[Canadian federal election, 1997|next federal election]]. He resigned his parliamentary seat on [[January 14]], [[1997]], the same day that he was appointed as a vice-president of the National Citizens Coalition (NCC), a conservative think-tank and advocacy group.<ref>"Stephen Harper named A NCC Vice-President", ''Canada NewsWire'', 14 January 1997, 10:51 report.</ref> He was promoted to NCC president later in the year.


On Canadians:
In April 1997, Harper suggested that the Reform Party was drifting toward social conservatism and ignoring the principles of economic conservatism.<ref>Thomas Walkom, No title [Second of Five Parts], ''Toronto Star'', 6 April 1997, A1.</ref> The Liberal Party won a second majority government in the [[Canadian federal election, 1997|1997 federal election]], while Reform made only modest gains.


"I think there is a dangerous rise in defeatist sentiment in this country. I have said that repeatedly, and I mean it and I believe it." (Ottawa Citizen, June 3, 2002)
==Out of parliament==


“Canada appears content to become a second-tier socialistic country, boasting ever more loudly about its economy and social services to mask its second-rate status…” (National Post, Dec. 8 2000 p. A18)
===1997-2000===


“Well I just want to assure you that those kinds of security concerns are widely shared here. Certainly the problems in our porous borders, our immigration system, there are things that we've been raising in the Parliament…Make no mistake, Canada, you know, with its limited resources, our soldiers made an adeq...admirable participation in Afghanistan…” (Interview with Sheppard Smith, Fox TV, September 13, 2002)
Soon after leaving parliament, Harper and Tom Flanagan co-authored an opinion piece entitled "Our Benign Dictatorship", which accused the Liberal Party of retaining power through a dysfunctional political system and a divided opposition. Harper and Flanagan argued that national conservative governments between 1917 and 1993 were founded on temporary alliances between Western populists and Quebec nationalists, and were unable to govern because of their fundamental contradictions. The authors called for an alliance of Canada's conservative parties, and suggested that meaningful political change might require electoral reforms such as [[proportional representation]]. "Our Benign Dictatorship" also commended [[Conrad Black]]'s purchase of the [[Southam]] newspaper chain, arguing that his stewardship would provide for a "pluralistic" editorial view to counter the "monolithically liberal and [[feminism|feminist]]" approach of the previous management.{{ref|OBD}}


“…there is a continental culture. There is a Canadian culture that is in some ways unique to Canada, but I don't think Canadian culture coincides neatly with borders.” (Report Newsmagazine January 7, 2002)
Harper remained active in constitutional issues. He was a prominent opponent of the [[Calgary Declaration]] on national unity in late 1997, describing it as an "appeasement strategy" against Quebec nationalism. He called for federalist politicians to reject this strategy, and approach future constitutional talks from the position that "Quebec separatists are the problem and they need to be fixed".{{ref|Calgary}} In late 1999, Harper called for the federal government to establish clear rules for any future Quebec referendum on sovereignty.{{ref|ref99}} Some have identified Harper's views as an influence on the Chrétien government's [[Clarity Act]].{{ref|Clarity}}


“We've just become increasingly irrelevant to a country [U.S.] that has a lot of priorities…” (CBC Newsworld, July 11, 2003)
As NCC leader, Harper launched an ultimately unsuccessful [[Harper v. Canada (Attorney General)|legal battle]] against federal election laws restricting third-party advertising{{ref|HarpervCanada}}. He also led the NCC in several campaigns against the [[Canadian Wheat Board]],{{ref|NCCCWB}} and supported [[Minister of Finance (Canada)|Finance Minister]] [[Paul Martin]]'s 2000 [[tax cut]]s as a positive first step toward tax reform.{{ref|taxcut}}.


“I think in parts of the Prairies we are increasingly seeing similar views that there is no hope, there is no way forward, all we can do is negotiate with the party in power. So I think in any region where you have sustained under-development or lack of growth for a long period of time, this starts to develop… I'd say frankly, generally the kind of can't-do attitude is a problem in this country but it's obviously more serious in regions that have had have-not status for a long time.” (Toronto Star, May 30, 2002)
In 1997, Harper delivered a controversial speech on [[Canadian identity]] to the [[Council for National Policy]], a conservative American [[think tank]]. He made comments such as "Canada is a Northern European [[welfare state]] in the worst sense of the term, and very proud of it", "if you're like all Americans, you know almost nothing except for your own country. Which makes you probably knowledgeable about one more country than most Canadians", and "the [[New Democratic Party|NDP]] [New Democratic Party] is kind of proof that the Devil lives and interferes in the affairs of men." These statements were publicized and criticized during the [[Canadian federal election, 2006|2006 election]]. Harper argued that the speech was intended as humour, and not as serious analysis.{{ref|speech}}


On Western Canadian society:
Harper considered campaigning for the Progressive Conservative Party leadership in 1998, after Jean Charest left federal politics. Among those encouraging his candidacy were senior aides to Ontario [[Premier of Ontario|Premier]] [[Mike Harris]], including [[Tony Clement]] and [[Tom Long]].{{ref|TomLong}} He eventually decided against running, arguing that it would "burn bridges to those Reformers with whom I worked for many years" and prevent an alliance of right-wing parties from taking shape.{{ref|bridges}} Harper was skeptical about the Reform Party's [[United Alternative]] initiative in 1999, arguing that it would serve to consolidate Manning's hold on the party leadership.{{ref|UA}} He also expressed concern that the UA would dilute Reform's ideological focus.{{ref|UA2}}


"You've got to remember that west of Winnipeg the ridings the Liberals hold are dominated by people who are either recent Asian immigrants or recent migrants from eastern Canada: people who live in ghettoes and who are not integrated into western Canadian society." (Stephen Harper, Report Newsmagazine, January 22, 2001)
===2000-2001===


Regional Development:
When the United Alternative created the [[Canadian Alliance]] in 2000 as a successor party to Reform, Harper predicted that [[Stockwell Day]] would defeat Preston Manning for the new party's leadership. He expressed serious reservations about Day's abilities, however, and accused him of "[making] adherence to his social views a [[litmus test (politics)|litmus test]] to determine whether you're in the party or not".{{ref|Dayquote}} Harper endorsed [[Tom Long]] for the leadership, arguing that Long was best suited to take support from the Progressive Conservative Party.{{ref|Long}} When Day placed first on the first ballot, Harper said that the Canadian Alliance was shifting "more towards being a party of the [[religious right]]".{{ref|CA}}


"We have in this country a federal government that increasingly is engaged in trying to determine which business, which regions, which industries will succeed, which will not through a whole range of economic development, regional development corporate subsidization programs. I believe that in the next election we got to propose a radical departure from this." (Global News, February 24, 2002)
After [[Pierre Elliot Trudeau]]'s death in 2000, Harper wrote an editorial criticizing Trudeau's policies as they affected Western Canada. He wrote that Trudeau "embraced the fashionable causes of his time, with variable enthusiasm and differing results", but "took a pass" on the issues that "truly defined his century".{{ref|Trudeau}} Harper subsequently accused Trudeau of promoting "unabashed [[socialism]]", and argued that Canadian governments between 1972 and 2002 had restricted [[economic growth]] through "state corporatism".{{ref|corp}}


Betty Granger:
After the Canadian Alliance's poor showing in the [[Canadian federal election, 2000|2000 election]], Harper joined with other Western conservatives in co-authoring a document called the "[[Alberta Agenda]]". The letter called on Alberta to reform publicly-funded health care, replace the [[Canada Pension Plan]] with a provincial plan and replace the [[Royal Canadian Mounted Police]] with a provincial police force. It became known as the "firewall letter", because it called on the provincial government to "build firewalls around Alberta" in order to stop the federal government from redistributing its wealth to less affluent regions.{{ref|firewall}} Alberta [[Premier of Alberta|Premier]] [[Ralph Klein]] agreed with some of the letter's recommendations, but distanced himself from the "firewall" comments.{{ref|Klein}}


Betty Granger was o­ne of three Harper leadership organizers in Manitoba. She is a past candidate from the 2000 election whose remarks about an “Asian invasion” created controversy:
Harper also wrote an editorial in late 2000 arguing that Alberta and the rest of Canada were "embark[ing] on divergent and potentially hostile paths to defining their country". He said that Alberta had chosen the "best of Canada's heritage -- a combination of American enterprise and individualism with the British traditions of order and co-operation" while Canada "appears content to become a second-tier socialistic country [...] led by a second-world strongman appropriately suited for the task". He also called for a "stronger and much more autonomous Alberta", while rejecting calls for separatism.{{ref|firewall2}} In the [[Alberta general election, 2001|2001 Alberta provincial election]], Harper led the NCC in a "Vote Anything but Liberal" campaign.{{ref|Alberta}} Some articles from this period described him as a possible successor to Klein.{{ref|Premier}}


“I’m not doing witch-hunts o­n people’s pasts… If someone does something wrong, there will be action taken. But if somebody doesn’t do anything wrong, we’re not going to take any action… I don’t make volunteer field decisions… but Betty Granger is a riding president, a member in good standing. She’s somebody that other members I’ve talked to think very highly of, and quite frankly, she was the victim of an unfair slur story in the last election campaign.” (Calgary Herald, January 15, 2002)
Harper and the NCC endorsed a [[private school]] [[tax credit]] proposed by Ontario's [[Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario|Progressive Conservative]] government in 2001, arguing that it would "save about $7,000 for each student who does not attend a [[trade union|union]]-run [[public school]]". [[Minister of Education (Ontario)|Education Minister]] [[Janet Ecker]] criticized this, saying that her government's intent was not to save money at the expense of public education.{{ref|Ecker}}


“Betty Granger is party president in the Winnipeg area and o­ne of a large number of party presidents that are supporting this campaign. So, I think this kind of thing is just kind of a low-level form of McCarthyism.” (CTV ”Question Period”, February 10, 2002)
Stockwell Day's leadership of the Canadian Alliance became increasingly troubled throughout the summer of 2001, as several party MPs called for his resignation. In June, the ''[[National Post]]'' newspaper reported that former Reform MP [[Ian McClelland]] was organizing a possible leadership challenge on Harper's behalf.{{ref|McClelland}} Harper announced his resignation from the NCC presidency in August 2001, to prepare a campaign.{{ref|NCCres}}


Spending Cuts:
==Canadian Alliance leadership==


Harper incorrectly predicted that the annual cuts of up to $19-20 billion to federal expenditures proposed by the Reform Party would not be sufficient to eliminate the federal deficit:
Stockwell Day bowed to pressure, and called a new Canadian Alliance leadership race for 2002. He later announced that he would be a candidate to succeed himself. Harper emerged as Day's main rival, and declared his own candidacy on [[December 3]], [[2001]]. He eventually won the support of at least twenty-eight Alliance MPs,{{ref|28}} including [[Scott Jeffrey Reid|Scott Reid]], [[James Rajotte]]{{ref|Reid}} and [[Keith Martin]].{{ref|KMartin}} During the campaign, Harper reprised his earlier warnings against an alliance with [[Quebec]] nationalists, and called for his party to become the federalist option in Quebec.{{ref|fedopt}} He argued that "the French language is not imperilled in Quebec", and opposed "special status" for the province in the [[Canadian Constitution]] accordingly.{{ref|language}} He also endorsed greater provincial autonomy on [[Medicare (Canada)|Medicare]], and said that he would not co-operate with the Progressive Conservatives as long as they were led by [[Joe Clark]].{{ref|CA2001}} On social issues, Harper argued for "parental rights" to use [[corporal punishment]] against their children and supported raising the age of sexual consent.{{ref|socon02}} He described his potential support base as "similar to what [[George W. Bush|George Bush]] tapped".{{ref|Bush}}


“The proposals we made during the election which many people considered drastic, are probably not now adequate to deal with this problem.” (Montreal Gazette, November 30, 1993)
The tone of the leadership contest turned hostile in February 2002. Harper described Day's governance of the party as "amateurish",{{ref|amateur}} while his campaign team argued that Day was attempting to win re-election by building a narrow support base among different groups in the religious right.{{ref|religious}} The Day campaign accused Harper of "attacking ethnic and religious minorities".{{ref|Dayattack}} In early March, the two candidates had an especially fractious debate on [[CBC Newsworld]].{{ref|DayHarper}}The leadership vote was held on [[March 20]], [[2002]]. Harper was elected on the first ballot with 55% support, against 37% for Day. Two other candidates split the remainder.


“I do not intend to dispute in any way the need for defence cuts and the need for government spending cuts in general. …I do not share a not in my backyard approach to government spending reductions.” (Hansard, May 23, 1995)
After winning the party leadership, Harper announced his intention to run for parliament in a [[by-election]] in [[Calgary Southwest]], recently vacated by Preston Manning. [[Ezra Levant]] had already been chosen as the riding's Alliance candidate and initially declared that he would not stand aside for Harper; he subsequently reconsidered.{{ref|Levant}} The Liberals did not field a candidate, following a parliamentary tradition of allowing opposition leaders to enter the House of Commons unopposed. The Progressive Conservative candidate, [[Jim Prentice]], also chose to withdraw.{{ref|Prentice}} Harper was elected without difficulty over [[New Democratic Party|New Democrat]] [[Bill Phipps]], a former [[United Church of Canada|United Church]] moderator. Harper told a reporter during the campaign that he "despise[d]" Phipps, and declined to debate him.{{ref|Phipps}}


On the Iraq War:
Harper officially became [[Leader of the Opposition (Canada)|Leader of the Opposition]] in May 2002. Later in the same month, he courted controversy by saying that the [[Atlantic Provinces]] were trapped in "a culture of defeat" which had to be overcome, the result of policies designed by Liberal and Progressive Conservative governments. Many Atlantic politicians condemned the remark as patronizing and insensitive. The [[Legislature of Nova Scotia]] unanimously approved a motion condemning Harper's comments,{{ref|Dexter}} which were also criticized by [[New Brunswick]] [[Premier of New Brunswick|Premier]] [[Bernard Lord]], [[federal]] Progressive Conservative leader [[Joe Clark]] and others. Harper refused to apologize, and said that much of Canada was trapped by the same "can't-do" attitude.{{ref|cant}}
His first 18 months as opposition leader were largely devoted towards consolidating the fractured elements of the Canadian Alliance and encouraging a union of the Canadian Alliance and the federal Progressive Conservatives. The aim of this union was to present only one right-of-centre national party in the next federal election, thus preventing the vote-splitting of the past. In undertaking the merger talks, PC leader Peter MacKay reversed his previous agreement with leadership opponent [[David Orchard]] not to merge with the Alliance. After reaching an agreement with MacKay in October 2003, the Canadian Alliance and the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada officially merged in December, with the new party being named the "[[Conservative Party of Canada]]".


“I don't know all the facts o­n Iraq, but I think we should work closely with the Americans.” (Report Newsmagazine, March 25 2002)
==Conservative Party of Canada leadership==
On [[January 12]], [[2004]], Harper announced his resignation as Leader of the Opposition, in order to run for the leadership of the [[Conservative Party of Canada]]. Harper won the [[Conservative Party of Canada leadership election, 2004|Conservative leadership election]] easily, with a first ballot majority against [[Belinda Stronach]] and [[Tony Clement]] on [[March 20]], [[2004]]. Harper's victory included strong showings in Ontario, Quebec, and Atlantic Canada.


“We should have been there shoulder to shoulder with our allies. Our concern is the instability of our government as an ally. We are playing again with national and global security matters.'' (Canadian Press Newswire, April 11, 2003)
{{seealso|Stephen Harper Leadership Team}}


“On the justification for the war, it wasn't related to finding any particular weapon of mass destruction. In our judgment, it was much more fundamental. It was the removing of a regime that was hostile, that clearly had the intention of constructing weapons systems. … I think, frankly, that everybody knew the post-war situation was probably going to be more difficult than the war itself. Canada remains alienated from its allies, shut out of the reconstruction process to some degree, unable to influence events. There is no upside to the position Canada took.” (Maclean’s, August, 25, 2003)
===2004 federal election===
Harper led the Conservatives during the [[Canadian federal election, 2004|2004 federal election]], where it was widely believed he had a chance to defeat Liberal Prime Minister [[Paul Martin]]. After an immensely damaging release by [[Auditor General of Canada|Auditor General]] [[Sheila Fraser]] regarding the [[sponsorship scandal|government's lack of oversight of the Sponsorship Program]] of the 1990s, and voter anger in Ontario against Liberal Premier [[Dalton McGuinty]] for breaking a promise not to raise taxes, polls showed the Conservatives in a dead heat with the Liberals.


“The world is now unipolar and contains o­nly o­ne superpower. Canada shares a continent with that superpower. In this context, given our common values and the political, economic and security interests that we share with the United States, there is now no more important foreign policy interest for Canada than maintaining the ability to exercise effective influence in Washington so as to advance unique Canadian policy objectives.” (Canadian Alliance Defence Policy Paper: The New North Strong and Free, May 5, 2003)
Late in the campaign, the Conservatives began to attract negative attention for controversial remarks made by MPs and candidates regarding [[homosexuality]], [[official bilingualism]] and [[abortion]]. Additionally, the Liberal Party began airing controversial TV [[attack ad]]s suggesting that the Conservatives would make Canada more like the United States. Harper was also criticized for his position supporting the American-led [[2003 invasion of Iraq]]. The term "hidden agenda", used commonly in the 2000 election to refer to Stockwell Day, began surfacing with increasing regularity with regard to Harper's history of supporting privatized health care. Further damaging the Conservative campaign was a press release from Conservative headquarters that said that Paul Martin supported [[child pornography]]. The momentum began to swing against his party, although some polls suggested it was neck and neck right up until election day.


“This party will not take its position based o­n public opinion polls. We will not take a stand based o­n focus groups. We will not take a stand based o­n phone-in shows or householder surveys or any other vagaries of pubic opinion… In my judgment Canada will eventually join with the allied coalition if war o­n Iraq comes to pass. The government will join, notwithstanding its failure to prepare, its neglect in co-operating with its allies, or its inability to contribute. In the end it will join out of the necessity created by a pattern of uncertainty and indecision. It will not join as a leader but unnoticed at the back of the parade.” (Hansard, January 29, 2003)
The Conservative Party was successful in gaining seats in Ontario, where the Reform Party and Canadian Alliance had never been able to make significant gains, but Martin was re-elected with a minority government and 135 seats. The Conservatives finished in second-place with 99 seats. While the Conservatives had improved on the 72 seats they held entering the election, the party took 29.6% of the popular vote, down from the 37.7% combined total of the Canadian Alliance and Progressive Conservatives in 2000 Harper, after some personal deliberation, decided to stay on as the party leader. Many credited him with bringing the Progressive Conservative Party and Canadian Alliance together to fight a close election in a short time.


“While there are Canadians who oppose the invasion, Harper said, they are a minority, as are those who are anti-American. It certainly exists. But in fairness, there's an anti-American sentiment among the American left in the United States itself. We have some of that here. But that's a minority sentiment.'” o­nly in Quebec, with its “pacifist tradition,” are most people opposed to the war, Harper said. “Outside of Quebec, I believe very strongly the silent majority of Canadians is strongly supportive.” (Halifax Daily News, April 4, 2003)
{{seealso|Conservative Party of Canada Campaign Chairs}}


"we support the war effort and believe we should be supporting our troops and our allies and be there with them doing everything necessary to win" (Montreal Gazette, April 2, 2003)
===Harper as Conservative leader and Leader of the Opposition===
The Conservative Party's first policy convention was held from March 17-19, 2005, in Montreal. A more moderate party stance was demonstrated, in accordance with what many viewed as Harper's goal. Any opposition to abortion or bilingualism was dropped from the Conservative platform, though the party was still opposed to same-sex marriage. Harper received an 84% endorsement from delegates in the leadership review.


On Taxes
The party soon began a controversial fight against [[same-sex marriage]]. Harper was criticized by a group of law professors for arguing that the government could not over-ride the provincial court rulings without using the "[[Section Thirty-three of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms|notwithstanding clause]]", a provision of Canada's Charter of Rights and Freedoms. Harper and constitutional lawyer/Conservative Justice Critic [[Vic Toews]] suggest that this clause does not have to be used to enshrine the traditional definition of marriage.


“I will strive to make this not the highest-spending country in the world, but instead the lowest taxing o­ne.” (Speech at the Conservative Leadership Convention, March 19, 2004)
Following the April 2005 release of [[Jean Brault]]'s damaging testimony at the [[Gomery Inquiry]], implicating the Liberals in the scandal, opinion polls placed the Conservatives ahead of Liberals. The Conservatives had earlier abstained from the vote on the [[Canadian federal budget, 2005|2005 budget]] to avoid forcing an election. With the collapse in Liberal support and a controversial NDP amendment to the budget, the party exerted significant pressure on Harper to bring down the government. In May, Harper announced that the government had lost the "moral authority to govern", with the support of the ''[[Bloc Québécois]]''. The effort failed following the decision of Conservative MP [[Belinda Stronach]] to [[crossing the floor|cross the floor]] to the Liberal Party. The vote on the NDP amendment to the budget tied, and with the [[Speaker of the Canadian House of Commons|Speaker of the House]] voting to continue debate, the Liberals stayed in power.


“We must aim to make [Canada] a lower tax jurisdiction than the United States.” (Vancouver Province, April 6, 2004)
Harper was also criticized for supporting his caucus colleague MP [[Gurmant Grewal]]. Grewal had produced tapes of conversations with [[Tim Murphy]], Paul Martin's chief of staff, in which Grewal claimed he had been offered a cabinet position in exchange for his defection. Some experts analyzed the tapes and concluded that a digital copy of the tapes had been edited.


“They (taxes) can be lower than the U.S. and that should be our financial objective.” (Canadian Press, April 11, 2003)
On [[November 24]], [[2005]], Harper introduced a [[motion of no confidence]] on the Liberal government. As the Liberals had lost [[New Democratic Party]] support in the house by refusing to accept an NDP plan to prevent health care privatization, the no confidence motion was passed by a vote of 171-133. As a result, Parliament was dissolved and a general election was scheduled for [[January 23]], 2006.


On being called a Tory:
==2006 federal election==
[[Image:Harper,-Stephen-Jan-23-06.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Stephen Harper gives his victory speech to party faithful in [[Calgary]] after winning the [[Canadian federal election, 2006|2006 federal election]].]]
{{main|Canadian federal election, 2006}}
Harper started off the first month of the campaign with a policy-per-day strategy, which included a GST reduction and a child-care allowance. The Liberals opted to hold any major announcements until after the Christmas holidays; as a result, Harper dominated media coverage for the first weeks of the campaign and was able to define his platform and insulate it from expected Liberal attacks. Though his party showed only modest movement in the polls, Harper's personal numbers, which had always trailed his party's significantly, began to rise.


"It's actually not a label I love. … I am more comfortable with a more populist tradition of conservatism. Toryism has the historical context of hierarchy and elitism and is a different kind of political philosophy. It's not my favourite term, but we're probably stuck with it." (Hamilton Spectator, January 24, 2004)
On [[December 27]], [[2005]], the [[Royal Canadian Mounted Police]] announced it was investigating allegations that Liberal [[Minister of Finance (Canada)|Finance Minister]] [[Ralph Goodale]]'s office had engaged in [[insider trading]] before making an important announcement on the taxation of [[income trust]]s. The income trust scandal dominated news coverage for the following week and prevented the Liberals from making their key policy announcements, allowing Harper to refocus his previous attacks about corruption within the Liberal party. The Conservatives soon found themselves leading in the polls. By early January, they made a major breakthrough in Quebec, pushing the Liberals to second place.
Note: Obviously this was not submitted by the Conservative Party, so if anyone has quotes from Paul Martin and Jack Layton we would love to post them as well!

In response to the growing Conservative lead, the Liberals launched [[2006 Harper attack ads|negative ads targeting Harper]], similar to their attacks in the 2004 election. However, their tactics had little effect this time since the Conservatives had much more momentum and had opened up a ten point advantage. Harper's personal numbers had risen considerably and polls found he was now considered not only more trustworthy, but he would also make a better Prime Minister than Martin[http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/20060111/ELXN_poll_060111/20060111?s_name=election2006&no_ads=]. As their lead solidified, [[Newspaper endorsements in the Canadian federal election, 2006|media coverage]] of the Conservatives was much more positive, while Liberals found themselves increasingly criticized for running a poor campaign and making numerous gaffes[http://www.thestar.com/NASApp/cs/ContentServer?pagename=thestar/Render&c=Article&cid=1135896622064&call_pageid=968332188774].

On [[January 23]], the Conservatives won 124 seats against 103 for the Liberals. Martin conceded defeat at midnight on [[January 24]], and at 9:45 a.m. that morning, announced his intention to resign as Prime Minister. At 6:45 p.m., [[Governor General of Canada|Governor General]] [[Michaëlle Jean]] asked Harper to form a government. He was sworn in as Canada's 22nd Prime Minister on [[February 6]], [[2006]]. Harper is the first Prime Minister elected to office not representing a Quebec riding since [[Joe Clark]] in 1979.

==Prime Minister==

===Cabinet===
Although the majority of Conservative seats were from the Western provinces, Harper selected the majority of his Ministers from Ontario and Quebec in the interests of regional balance. The new Conservative cabinet was substantially smaller than the prior Martin administration because it did away with junior ministers (known as Ministers of State and previously Secretaries of State). Several pundits in the media have described Harper's cabinet as moderate, and a tempering of the Conservative Party's roots in the Canadian Alliance and Reform.

Two of Harper's selections generated some controversy. He chose outgoing Liberal [[Minister of Industry (Canada)|Minister of Industry]] [[David Emerson]] as [[Minister of International Trade (Canada)|Minister of International Trade]] and Minister for the Pacific Gateway and the [[2010 Winter Olympics]], and [[Michael Fortier]], a senior Conservative Party operative and campaign strategist, as [[Minister of Public Works and Government Services (Canada)|Minister of Public Works]] and he was also appointed to the [[Canadian Senate|Senate]]. Emerson had been re-elected to parliament as a Liberal only weeks earlier, while Fortier did not contest the previous election at all. Harper argued that the appointments were necessary to provide two of Canada's largest cities (Vancouver and Montreal) with cabinet representation, as the Conservatives did not win seats in these cities.

Opposition politicians and other critics attacked the the appointment of Emerson as hypocritical, as Harper and the Conservatives had criticized [[Belinda Stronach]]'s for crossing the floor to the Liberals in 2005. Emerson's decision was also met with opposition in his riding, where the Conservative candidate had received less than 20% of the vote in the previous campaign, although Emerson himself was re-elected by a large margin over the NDP runner-up. The Harper government defended Emerson's appointment as tapping a politician with previous federal cabinet experience. Emerson himself suggested that it would help the Conservatives move to the middle of the political spectrum.<ref>{{cite news | first=Jim | last=McCrae | url=http://www.brandonsun.com/story.php?story_id=18921 | title=Tories left with lots of lemons to squeeze | publisher=Brandon Sun | pages= | page= | date=19 February 2006 | accessdate=4 April 2006}}</ref>

Harper's appointment of Fortier was also controversial, as the Conservatives had previously criticized the [[Canadian Senate|Senate]] as an unelected body. Both Harper and Fortier have stated that the Senate appointment is temporary, and that Fortier will vacate his position at the next federal election to run for a seat in the House of Commons.

Other choices were met with greater support. Toronto mayor [[David Miller]] has called Harper's selection of [[Lawrence Cannon]] to cabinet as a "very positive step" and "a signal Mr. Harper's serious about reaching out to cities".<ref>{{cite news | first=Anne | last=Mroczkowski | url=http://www.pulse24.com/News/Top_Story/20060206-006/page.asp | title=Positive Start | publisher=CityNews | pages= | page= | date=6 February 2006 | accessdate=4 April 2006}}</ref> Senator [[Marjory LeBreton]] from Toronto was appointed [[Leader of the Government in the Senate (Canada)|Leader of the Government in the Senate]], and Harper appointed [[Jim Flaherty]] as an elected MP to represent the city along with the [[Greater Toronto Area]] (GTA). Flaherty represents the riding of [[Whitby—Oshawa]], in the [[Regional Municipality of Durham, Ontario|Durham Region]] of the eastern GTA, and his selection as [[Minister of Finance]] was viewed positively by the [[Bay Street]] business community.<ref>{{cite news | first=
Paul | last=Vieira | url=http://www.anticorruption.ca/forum/phpBB2/viewtopic.php?t=2574& | title=Bay Street likes economic ministers | publisher=National Post | pages= | page= | date=7 February 2006 | accessdate=4 April 2006}}</ref>

On [[March 3]], [[2006]], Ethics Commissioner [[Bernard Shapiro]] announced that he was launching a preliminary inquiry into conflict-of-interest allegations against Emerson and Harper. Shapiro said that he would look into what influence may have been wielded in the decision by Emerson to cross the floor.<ref>{{cite news | first=CTV.ca News Staff | last= | url=http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/20060301/emerson_election_060303/20060303?hub=TopStories | title=Harper to be investigated by ethics commissioner | publisher=CTV | pages= | page= | date=3 March 2006 | accessdate=4 April 2006}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | first=CBC News | last= | url=http://www.cbc.ca/story/canada/national/2006/03/03/emerson_060303.html | title=
Harper 'loath' to co-operate with ethics commissioner | publisher=CBC News | pages= | page= | date=3 March 2006 | accessdate=4 April 2006}}</ref> Conservatives criticized Shapiro's probe as partisan and accused him of applying a double standard since he was an apointee of the former Liberal government and had turned down earlier requests in 2005 to investigate similar [[Belinda Stronach]]'s floor-crossing in which she received a cabinet post, as well as [[Tony Valeri]]'s questionable land deal with a Liberal fundraiser.<ref>{{cite news | first= | last= | url= | title=It's a political issue, not an ethical one | publisher=Globe and Mail | pages= | page=A22 | date=4 March 2006 | accessdate=4 April 2006}}</ref> Shapiro had also been under fire from former NDP leader [[Ed Broadbent]] for "extraordinarily serious credibility problems".<ref>{{cite news | first=Canadian Press | last= | url=http://www.thestar.com/NASApp/cs/ContentServer?pagename=thestar/Layout/Article_Type1&c=Article&cid=1141383321201&call_pageid=968332188492 | title=Ethics czar to probe Emerson defection | publisher=Toronto Star | pages= | page= | date=3 March 2006 | accessdate=4 April 2006}}</ref> While agreeing with Harper that Shapiro's investigation was inappropriate, Broadbent and opposition MPs have criticized Harper for overruling the commissioner. Shapiro cleared both Harper and Emerson of any wrongdoing on March 20, 2006.

===Deputy Prime Minister and succession===
Unlike his recent predecessors, Harper did not name one of his colleagues to the largely honourific post of [[Deputy Prime Minister of Canada|Deputy Prime Minister]]. Various observers had expected him to name MacKay, the former leader of the [[Progressive Conservative Party of Canada|Progressive Conservative Party]] and his deputy party leader, or [[Lawrence Cannon]], as a [[Quebec lieutenant]], to the post. Harper did, however, name an order of succession to act on his behalf in certain circumstances, starting with Cannon, then [[Jim Prentice]], then the balance of his cabinet in [[Canadian order of precedence|order of precedence]].

===Policy===
Harper's government has identified five policy priorities, in the areas of federal accountability, tax reform, crime, child care and health care.

There has been some controversy over the Harper government's plan for child care. The Conservatives have promised to eliminate a federal child care program introduced by the previous Martin government, which provided funding to provincial governments to increase the number of regulated child care spaces and to provide subsidies to low- and middle-income parents. The Conservates are replacing that program with a $1200 per year stipend for each child under age six, paid directly to parents whether or not they incur child care expenses. Opponents of the Conservative plan argue that the stipend is inadequate and will not address the need for child care spaces, particularly in urban centres. Supporters argue that the Liberal program it replaced was inflexible and discriminated against stay-at-home parents. Harper has stated that his government will work with provincial and local governments, not-for-profit organizations, and employers to create additional spaces, and has set aside $250 million per year to fund these initiatives.

The Conservative Party campaigned on a platform of reducing Canada's [[Goods and Services Tax (Canada)|Goods and Services Tax]] from 7% to 6%, and eventually to 5%. During the 2006 election campaign, the Martin government proposed income tax cuts for lower-middle income earners. The Liberals have claimed that the GST cut would effectively result in a tax increase for those in the lower-middle income bracket. The Conservatives argued that the GST cuts would benefit all Canadians, including low-income earners and those outside the workforce who do not pay income tax.

In order to accommodate tax cuts promised during his campaign, Harper declared in April 2006 that environmental spending would be cut 80%.

The [[Bloc Québécois]] offered their support to the Conservative budget, enabling to easily pass.

The Harper government has promised to introduce mandatory minimal sentences for serious and violent offenders, and to introduce a "Patient Wait Times Guarantee" in conjunction with the provinces.

In addition to its "Five Priorities", the Harper government has also devoted significant attention to military issues.

====The Federal Accountability Act====
{{main|Federal Accountability Act}}
On [[April 11]], 2006, [[President of the Treasury Board (Canada)|President of the Treasury Board]] [[John Baird (Canadian politician)|John Baird]], on behalf of the Harper government, tabled the Federal Accountability Act and Action Plan. The plan will reduce the opportunity to exert influence with money by banning corporate, union, and large personal political donations; five-year lobbying ban on former ministers, their aides, and senior public servants; providing protection for whistleblowers; and enhancing the power for the Auditor General to follow the money spent by the government.

The government hopes to have this act passed before the [[Canadian House of Commons|House of Commons]] breaks for the summer.

===Relations with the United States===
[[Image:Bush Fox Harper.jpg|250px|thumb|U.S. President [[George W. Bush]], Mexico's President [[Vicente Fox]] and Canada's Prime Minister Stephen Harper, right, stand in front of the [[Chichen-Itza]] Archaeological Ruins Thursday, March 30, 2006.]]
Shortly after being congratulated by [[George W. Bush]] for his victory, Harper rebuked U.S. [[Ambassador]] to Canada [[David Wilkins]] for criticizing the Conservatives' plans to assert Canada's sovereignty over the [[Arctic]] waters with armed forces.

On [[February 16]] [[2006]], Harper named former Progressive Conservative Party cabinet minister [[Michael Wilson (politician)|Michael Wilson]] to the post of Canada's ambassador to the United States, replacing Liberal appointee [[Frank McKenna]].<ref name="ctv wilson">{{cite news | first=CTV.ca News Staff | last= | url=http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/20060216/wilson_ambassador_confirm_060216?s_name=&no_ads= | title=New envoy Wilson sets softwood as top priority | publisher=CTV | pages= | page= | date=17 February 2006 | accessdate=4 April 2006}}</ref>

Wilson stated in his first press conference as ambassador that "Softwood lumber is clearly at the top of the heap, the top priority."<ref name="ctv wilson">{{cite news | first=CTV.ca News Staff | last= | url=http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/20060216/wilson_ambassador_confirm_060216?s_name=&no_ads= | title=New envoy Wilson sets softwood as top priority | publisher=CTV | pages= | page= | date=17 February 2006 | accessdate=4 April 2006}}</ref>

Harper's first meeting with the U.S. President occurred at the end of March 2006, and while little was achieved in the way of solid agreements, the trip was described in the media as signalling a trend of closer relations between the two nations. Harper told the press that he used "colourful language not suitable for public television" when pressing President Bush privately over his opposition to a U.S. law that will require Canadian citizens to show their passport when crossing the border into the United States. Bush reported that Harper was "a very open, straightforward fella.... If he's got a problem, he's willing to express it in a way that's clear for all to understand, and that's the way I like to deal with people."<ref>{{cite news | first=CTV.ca News Staff | last= |url=http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/20060331/harper_mexico_summit_060331/20060401?hub=TopStories | title=Harper concerned with U.S. passport-type policy | publisher=CTV | pages= | page= | date=1 April 2006 | accessdate=4 April 2006}}</ref>

On April 27, 2006, Harper announced in Parliament that his government had reached a seven-year agreement with the United States in the nations' long-standing feud over softwood lumber. The three major softwood-producing provinces - British Columbia, Ontario, and Quebec - accepted the deal,[http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/20060426/softwood_folo_060427/20060427?hub=TopStories] as did the Canadian lumber industry. However, Leader of the Opposition [[Bill Graham]] and NDP leader [[Jack Layton]] both criticised the deal for not requiring the U.S. to pay back all $5 billion it had collected in tarriffs on Canadian softwood lumber, despite the media pointing out the deal was the same deal the Liberals were close to signing before the 2006 election campaign.<ref>http://www.cbc.ca/story/world/national/2006/04/27/softwood060427.html</ref>

The Harper government renewed the NORAD agreement with the United States, making it permanent, and adding maritime defence to the agreement, which previously covered only air defence. Critics of the arrangement argue that it will reduce Canadian sovereignty over the country's internal waters.

===First overseas trip===
On [[March 11]] and [[March 12]], 2006, Harper made a surprise trip to [[Afghanistan]], where Canadian Forces personnel have been deployed since late 2001, to visit troops in theatre as a show of support for their efforts and a demonstration of his government's commitment to reconstruction and stability in the region. Harper's choice of a first foreign visit was closely guarded from the press until his arrival in Afghanistan (citing security concerns), and is seen as marking a significant change in relationship between the government and the military. While other foreign leaders have visited Afghanistan, Harper's trip was touted as unprecedented in its length and scope. [http://news.yahoo.com/s/cpress/20060314/ca_pr_on_wo/harper_afghanistan] While the PM, the Minister of Foreign Affairs and the Defence Minister have visited the region, Governor General Michaelle Jean has twice been refused the opportunity to go.

===Parliamentary reform===
Stephen Harper has indicated that he plans to turn the [[Canadian Senate]] into an elected rather than an appointed body. He has also proposed fixed election dates.

==Supreme Court==

Aside from his legislative agenda, Harper named [[Marshall Rothstein]] as the new [[Puisne Justice]] to the [[Supreme Court of Canada]] on February 23, 2006. Rothstein had been 'short listed' with two other potential judges by a committee convened by the previous Liberal government. In keeping with election promises of a new appointment process, Harper announced Rothstein had to appear before an '[[ad hoc]]' non-partisan committee of 12 [[Members of Parliament]]. However, the committee did not have the power to veto the [[appointment]], which was what some members of his own party had called for. [http://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/RTGAM.20060220.w2harper02201/BNStory/National/home]

==Honours==
Harper has the postnominal "PC" for life by virtue of being made a member of the [[Queen's Privy Council for Canada]] on [[May 4]], [[2004]] <ref>[http://www.pco-bcp.gc.ca/default.asp?Language=E&Page=InformationResources&Sub=PrivyCouncilMembers Information Resources page from Canada government website]</ref>. His prenominal was changed from "The Honourable" to "The Right Honourable" for [[life]] when he became Prime Minister on [[February 6]], [[2006]].

==Trivia==
* A January 2006 article in ''[[The Globe and Mail]]'' identified actor [[Robb Wells]], who plays Ricky on the popular TV series ''[[Trailer Park Boys]]'', as a distant cousin to Harper.<ref>{{cite news | first=Jane | last=Taber | url=http://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/ArticleNews/TPStory/LAC/20060113/ELXNRICKY13/TPNational/Canada | title=EVOLVED? Stephen Harper and Ricky of Trailer Park Boys are distant cousins | publisher=Globe and Mail | pages= | page=A1 | date=13 January 2006 | accessdate=4 April 2006}}</ref>
* Harper's father, Joseph Harper, was an avid collector of [[Canadian Expeditionary Force]] cap badges and wrote a book on the subject (published by [[Service Publications]]).
* Harper reportedly owns a large [[Gramophone record|vinyl record]] collection and is an avid fan of the [[Beatles]] and [[AC/DC]].<ref>{{cite news | first=A. | last=Dunfield | url=http://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/RTGAM.20040520.wcestwhatele0518/BNStory/specialDecision2004/ | title=Lighter side: C'est what? | publisher=Globe and Mail | pages= | page= | date=25 June 2004 | accessdate=4 April 2006}}'</ref>
* Harper is the third Prime Minister, after [[Pierre Trudeau]] and [[John Napier Turner]], to send their children to [[Rockcliffe Park Public School]], a public school in [[Ottawa]].
* Harper is the first prime minister since [[Lester B. Pearson]] not to have attended [[law school]].

==See also==
*[[List of national leaders]]
*[[The Harper cabinet]]

==Notes==
<references/>

==References==
* William Johnson, ''Stephen Harper and the Future of Canada'', McClelland & Stewart, 420 pp. (June 2005) ISBN 0-7710-4350-3
* Lloyd Mackey, ''The Pilgrimage of Stephen Harper'', ECW Press, 221 pp. (August 2005) ISBN 1-5502-2713-0

{{start box}}
{{ministry box 28}}
{{ministry box cabinet posts 1 |
post1 = [[Prime Minister of Canada]] |
post1years = [[February 6]] [[2006]]- Present |
post1note = |
post1preceded = [[Paul Martin]] |
post1followed = Incumbent |
}}
{{end box}}

<!--Succession boxes are ordered chronologically.-->
{{start box}}
{{succession box | title=[[Calgary West|Member for Calgary West]] | before=[[Jim Hawkes]], [[Progressive Conservative Party of Canada|Progressive Conservative]] | after= [[Rob Anders]], [[Reform Party of Canada|Reform]] | years=1993&ndash;1997}}

{{succession box | title=[[Canadian Alliance|Leader of the Canadian Alliance]] | before=[[John Reynolds (Canadian politician)|John Reynolds]] (interim) | after=(Party merged with the [[Progressive Conservative Party of Canada]] to create the [[Conservative Party of Canada]]) | years=2002&ndash;2003}}

{{Incumbent succession box | title=[[Calgary Southwest|Member for Calgary Southwest]] | before=[[Preston Manning]], [[Canadian Alliance]] | after=| start=2002}}

{{succession box | title=[[Leader of the Opposition (Canada)|Leader of the Opposition]] | before= [[John Reynolds (Canadian politician)|John Reynolds]] (first time), [[Grant Hill (politician)|Grant Hill]], (2nd time) | after= [[Grant Hill (politician)|Grant Hill]] (first time), [[Bill Graham (politician)|Bill Graham]] (2nd time) | years=2003-2004, 2004&ndash;2006}}

{{Incumbent succession box | title=[[Conservative Party of Canada|Leader of the Conservative Party]] | before=[[John Lynch-Staunton]] | after=| start=2004}}

{{end box}}
{{canPM}}
{{CanCabinet}}
{{Canpremier}}
{{Canadian Conservative Leaders}}

== External links==
{{commons|Stephen Harper}}
{{wikiquote}}
{{Wikinews|Conservative Canadian government sworn in}}
{{Wikinews|Canadian Conservative party leader promises to vigorously defend Canadian Arctic sovereignty}}
* [http://www.pm.gc.ca/ Prime Minister of Canada - Premier ministre du Canada, official website]
* [http://www.macleans.ca/topstories/politics/article.jsp?content=20050509_105134_105134 Maclean's - Meet the Real Stephen Harper]
* [http://www.cbc.ca/news/background/conservativeparty/leadership.html CBC - The Conservative Leader]
*Canadian Broadcasting Corporation.[http://www.cbc.ca/canadavotes/leadersparties/leaders/bio_harper.html Canada Votes 2004: Stephen Harper].
* [http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/about/people/key/bio.asp?lang=E&query=133&s=M List of Federal Political Experience from the Library of Parliament]
* [http://www.howdtheyvote.ca/member.php?id=132 How'd They Vote?]
* [http://www.mackaycartoons.net/Harper/harper.html Stephen Harper Editorial Cartoon Gallery]
* [http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/authors/s/stephen_harper.html Documented Harper quotes that his partisans don't want you to know about ]

===News===
* [http://www.cbc.ca/story/canada/national/2006/02/06/harper-ottawa060206.html Harper sworn in as 22nd prime minister, from the CBC]

==Electoral record==
{| class="wikitable"
|- style="background-color:#E9E9E9"
! colspan="7"|[[Canadian federal election, 2006|2006 federal election]]: [[Calgary Southwest]]
|- style="background-color:#E9E9E9"
! colspan="2" style="width: 182px"|Party
! style="width: 170px"|Candidate
! style="width: 50px"|Votes
! style="width: 40px"|%
! style="width: 60px"|Expenditures
|-
{{Canadian_politics/party_colours/Conservative/row}}
|[[Conservative Party of Canada|Conservative]]
|(x)Stephen Harper
|align="right"|41,549
|align="right"|72.36
|align="right"|
{{Canadian_politics/party_colours/Liberal/row}}
|[[Liberal Party of Canada|Liberal]]
|[[Mike Swanson]]
|align="right"|6,553
|align="right"|11.41
|align="right"|
{{Canadian_politics/party_colours/NDP/row}}
|[[New Democratic Party]]
|[[Holly Heffernan]]
|align="right"|4,628
|align="right"|8.06
|align="right"|
{{Canadian_politics/party_colours/Green/row}}
|[[Green Party of Canada|Green]]
|[[Kim Warnke]]
|align="right"|4,407
|align="right"|7.68
|align="right"|
{{Canadian_politics/party_colours/Christian_Heritage/row}}
|[[Christian Heritage Party of Canada|Christian Heritage]]
|[[Larry R. Heather]]
|align="right"|279
|align="right"|0.49
|align="right"|
|- bgcolor="white"
!align="right" colspan=3|Total valid votes
!align="right"|57,416
!align="right"|100.00
!align="right"|
|- bgcolor="white"
!align="right" colspan=3|Total rejected ballots
!align="right"|120
!align="right"|
!align="right"|
|- bgcolor="white"
!align="right" colspan=3|Turnout
!align="right"|57,536
!align="right"|
!align="right"|
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|- style="background-color:#E9E9E9"
! colspan="7"|[[Canadian federal election, 2004|2004 federal election]]: [[Calgary Southwest]]
|- style="background-color:#E9E9E9"
! colspan="2" style="width: 182px"|Party
! style="width: 170px"|Candidate
! style="width: 50px"|Votes
! style="width: 40px"|%
! style="width: 60px"|Expenditures
|-
{{Canadian_politics/party_colours/Conservative/row}}
|[[Conservative Party of Canada|Conservative]]
|(x)Stephen Harper
|align="right"|35,297
|align="right"|68.36
|align="right"|''$62,952.76''
{{Canadian_politics/party_colours/Liberal/row}}
|[[Liberal Party of Canada|Liberal]]
|[[Avalon Roberts]]
|align="right"|9,501
|align="right"|18.40
|align="right"|$43,846.23
{{Canadian_politics/party_colours/Green/row}}
|[[Green Party of Canada|Green]]
|[[Darcy Kraus]]
|align="right"|3,210
|align="right"|6.22
|align="right"|''534.96''
{{Canadian_politics/party_colours/NDP/row}}
|[[New Democratic Party]]
|[[Daria Fox]]
|align="right"|2,884
|align="right"|5.59
|align="right"|''3,648.70''
{{Canadian_politics/party_colours/Marijuana/row}}
|[[Marijuana Party of Canada|Marijuana]]
|[[Mark de Pelham]]
|align="right"|516
|align="right"|1.00
|align="right"|$0.00
{{Canadian_politics/party_colours/Christian_Heritage/row}}
|[[Christian Heritage Party of Canada|Christian Heritage]]
|[[Larry R. Heather]]
|align="right"|229
|align="right"|0.44
|align="right"|''$985.59''
|- bgcolor="white"
!align="right" colspan=3|Total valid votes
!align="right"|51,637
!align="right"|100.00
!align="right"|
|- bgcolor="white"
!align="right" colspan=3|Total rejected ballots
!align="right"|149
!align="right"|
!align="right"|
|- bgcolor="white"
!align="right" colspan=3|Turnout
!align="right"|51,786
!align="right"|64.49
!align="right"|
|- bgcolor="white"
!align="right" colspan=3|Electors on the lists
!align="right"|80,296
!align="right"|
!align="right"|
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|- style="background-color:#E9E9E9"
! colspan="7"|Federal [[by-election]], [[May 13]], [[2002]]: [[Calgary Southwest]]
|- style="background-color:#E9E9E9"
! colspan="2" style="width: 182px"|Party
! style="width: 170px"|Candidate
! style="width: 50px"|Votes
! style="width: 40px"|%
! style="width: 60px"|Expenditures
|-
{{Canadian_politics/party_colours/Canadian Alliance/row}}
|[[Canadian Alliance]]
|Stephen Harper
|align="right"|13,200
|align="right"|71.66
|align="right"|$58,959.16
{{Canadian_politics/party_colours/NDP/row}}
|[[New Democratic Party]]
|[[Bill Phipps]]
|align="right"|3,813
|align="right"|20.70
|align="right"|$34,789.77
{{Canadian_politics/party_colours/Green/row}}
|[[Green Party of Canada|Green]]
|[[James S. Kohut]]
|align="right"|660
|align="right"|3.58
|align="right"|$2,750.80
{{Canadian_politics/party_colours/Independents/row}}
|Independent
|[[Gordon Barrett]]
|align="right"|428
|align="right"|2.32
|align="right"|$3,329.34
{{Canadian_politics/party_colours/Christian_Heritage/row}}
|[[Christian Heritage Party of Canada|Christian Heritage]]
|[[Ron Gray]]
|align="right"|320
|align="right"|1.74
|align="right"|$27,772.78
|- bgcolor="white"
!align="right" colspan=3|Total valid votes
!align="right"|18,421
!align="right"|100.00
!align="right"|
|- bgcolor="white"
!align="right" colspan=3|Total rejected ballots
!align="right"|98
!align="right"|
!align="right"|
|- bgcolor="white"
!align="right" colspan=3|Turnout
!align="right"|18,519
!align="right"|23.05
!align="right"|
|- bgcolor="white"
!align="right" colspan=3|Electors on the lists
!align="right"|80,360
!align="right"|
!align="right"|
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|- style="background-color:#E9E9E9"
! colspan="7"|[[Canadian federal election, 1993|1993 federal election]]: [[Calgary West]]
|- style="background-color:#E9E9E9"
! colspan="2" style="width: 182px"|Party
! style="width: 170px"|Candidate
! style="width: 50px"|Votes
! style="width: 40px"|%
|-
{{Canadian_politics/party_colours/Reform/row}}
|[[Reform Party of Canada|Reform]]
|Stephen Harper
|align="right"|30,209
|align="right"|52.25
{{Canadian_politics/party_colours/Liberal/row}}
|[[Liberal Party of Canada|Liberal]]
|[[Karen Gainer]]
|align="right"|15,314
|align="right"|26.49
{{Canadian_politics/party_colours/Progressive_Conservatives/row}}
|[[Progressive Conservative Party of Canada|Progressive Conservative]]
|(x)[[James Hawkes]]
|align="right"|9,090
|align="right"|15.72
{{Canadian_politics/party_colours/NDP/row}}
|[[New Democratic Party]]
|[[Rudy Rogers]]
|align="right"|1,194
|align="right"|2.06
{{Canadian_politics/party_colours/National/row}}
|[[National Party of Canada|National]]
|[[Kathleen McNeil]]
|align="right"|1,068
|align="right"|1.85
{{Canadian_politics/party_colours/Natural_Law/row}}
|[[Natural Law Party of Canada|Natural Law]]
|[[Frank Haika]]
|align="right"|483
|align="right"|0.84
{{Canadian_politics/party_colours/Green/row}}
|[[Green Party of Canada|Green]]
|[[Don Francis (Canadian politician)|Don Francis]]
|align="right"|347
|align="right"|0.60
{{Canadian_politics/party_colours/Christian_Heritage/row}}
|[[Christian Heritage Party of Canada|Christian Heritage]]
|[[Larry R. Heather]]
|align="right"|116
|align="right"|0.20
|- bgcolor="white"
!align="right" colspan=3|Total valid votes
!align="right"|57,821
!align="right"|100.00
|- bgcolor="white"
!align="right" colspan=3|Total rejected ballots
!align="right"|133
!align="right"|
|- bgcolor="white"
!align="right" colspan=3|Turnout
!align="right"|57,954
!align="right"|66.29
|- bgcolor="white"
!align="right" colspan=3|Electors on the lists
!align="right"|87,421
!align="right"|
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|- style="background-color:#E9E9E9"
! colspan="7"|[[Canadian federal election, 1988|1988 federal election]]: [[Calgary West]]
|- style="background-color:#E9E9E9"
! colspan="2" style="width: 182px"|Party
! style="width: 170px"|Candidate
! style="width: 50px"|Votes
! style="width: 40px"|%
|-
{{Canadian_politics/party_colours/Progressive_Conservatives/row}}
|[[Progressive Conservative Party of Canada|Progressive Conservative]]
|(x)[[James Hawkes]]
|align="right"|32,025
|align="right"|58.52
{{Canadian_politics/party_colours/Reform/row}}
|[[Reform Party of Canada|Reform]]
|Stephen Harper
|align="right"|9,074
|align="right"|16.58
{{Canadian_politics/party_colours/Liberal/row}}
|[[Liberal Party of Canada|Liberal]]
|[[John Phillips (Alberta politician)|John Phillips]]
|align="right"|6,880
|align="right"|12.57
{{Canadian_politics/party_colours/NDP/row}}
|[[New Democratic Party]]
|[[Richard D. Vanderberg]]
|align="right"|6,355
|align="right"|11.61
{{Canadian_politics/party_colours/Libertarian/row}}
|[[Libertarian Party of Canada|Libertarian]]
|[[David Faren]]
|align="right"|225
|align="right"|0.41
{{Canadian_politics/party_colours/CoR/row}}
|[[Confederation of Regions Party of Canada|Confederation of Regions]]
|[[Brent Morin]]
|align="right"|170
|align="right"|0.31
|- bgcolor="white"
!align="right" colspan=3|Total valid votes
!align="right"|54,729
!align="right"|100.00
|- bgcolor="white"
!align="right" colspan=3|Total rejected ballots
!align="right"|117
!align="right"|
|- bgcolor="white"
!align="right" colspan=3|Turnout
!align="right"|54,846
!align="right"|78.75
|- bgcolor="white"
!align="right" colspan=3|Electors on the lists
!align="right"|69,650
!align="right"|
|}

All electoral information is taken from [[Elections Canada]]. Italicized expenditures refer to submitted totals, and are presented when the final reviewed totals are not available.

==Notes and sources==
# {{note|OBD}} [http://www.nextcity.com/main/town/6dictat.htm Stephen Harper and Tom Flanagan, "Our Benign Dictatorship"], ''Next City'', Winter 1997.
# {{note|Calgary}} Susan Delacourt, "Seeds planted for opposition to unity plan", ''Globe and Mail'', 18 September 1997, A1.
# {{note|ref99}} Stephen Harper, "Why Chrétien mustn't flag", ''Globe and Mail'', 2 December 1999, A17.
# {{note|Clarity}} Chantal Hebert, "Harper takes pragmatic approach to Quebec", ''Toronto Star'', 26 April 2002, A25.
# {{note|HarpervCanada}} Daniel Leblanc, "Groups vow to fight new election bill", ''Globe and Mail'', 8 June 1999, A4; "Gagged by statute", ''National Post'', 8 June 2000, A19.
# {{note|NCCCWB}} National Citizen's Coalition, "NCC To Back New Court Challenge To Wheat Board Monopoly", ''Canada NewsWire'', 9 February 1998, 11:15 report; National Citizen's Coalition, "NCC to blitz prairies with anti-Wheat Board radio ads", ''Canada NewsWire'', 25 August 1999, 14:29 report.
# {{note|taxcut}} no title, ''Toronto Star'', 29 February 2000, p. 1.
# {{note|speech}} [http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/20051213/elxn_harper_speech_text_051214/20051214/ Full text of Stephen Harper's 1997 speech], CTV.ca, 14 December 2005; Susan Riley, "Harper's suspect evolution", 16 December 2005, A18.
# {{note|TomLong}} Jack Aubry, "Battle lines being drawn up for ideological heart of Tories", ''Hamilton Spectator'', 7 April 1998, C3. [[David Frum]] was also mentioned as a possible supporter.
# {{note|bridges}} Scott Feschuk, "Harper rejects run at Tory leadership", ''Globe and Mail'', 10 April 1998, A1.
# {{note|UA}} Rosemary Spiers, "Preston Manning's fork in the road", ''Toronto Star'', 18 February 1999, p. 1; "But who will lead it?", ''Globe and Mail'', 22 February 1999, A10.
# {{note|UA2}} Michael Taube, "United Alternative needs policy, not Reform party lite", ''Hamilton Spectator'', 25 February 1999, A14.
# {{note|Dayquote}} Tim Harper, "Bible belts", ''Toronto Star'', 17 June 2000, p. 1.
# {{note|Long}} "That sound you hear is the shifting of conservative ground", 21 April 2000, ''Globe and Mail'', A12.
# {{note|CA}} Paul Adams, "Front-runner rides tide of religious conservatism", ''Globe and Mail'', 26 June 2000, A1.
# {{note|Trudeau}} Stephen Harper, "On second thought", ''National Post'', 5 October 2000, A18.
# {{note|corp}} Stephen Harper, "Get the state out of the economy", ''National Post'', 8 February 2002, A14.
# {{note|firewall}} [https://www.albertaresidentsleague.com/How/AlbertaAgendaLetter.htm Stephen Harper, Tom Flanagan et al, "The Alberta Agenda"], ''National Post'', 26 January 2001, A14.
# {{note|Klein}} Jill Mahoney, "No 'firewall' needed around Alberta, Klein says", ''Globe and Mail'', 8 February 2001, A9.
# {{note|firewall2}} Stephen Harper, "Separation, Alberta-style: It is time to seek a new relationship with Canada", ''National Post'', 8 December 2000, A18.
# {{note|Alberta}} National Citizens Coalition, "NCC Ad Campaign Urges Albertans Not to Vote Liberal", ''Canada NewsWire'', 13 February 2001, 11:45 report.
# {{note|Premier}} Chantal Hebert, "Alberta, Quebec sing from same complaint book", ''Toronto Star'', 14 February 2001, p. 1.
# {{note|Ecker}} Richard Mackie, "School tax-credit plan hailed as a money saver", ''Globe and Mail'', 19 June 2001, A5.
# {{note|McClelland}} Sheldon Alberts, "Harper mounts campaign to lead the right: Behind the scenes", ''National Post'', 30 June 2001, A06.
# {{note|NNCres}} National Citizen's Coalition, "Stephen Harper to Step Down as NCC President", ''Canada NewsWire'', 13 August 2001, 13:43 report.
# {{note|28}} "Number 28 for Harper", ''Canada NewsWire'', 6 March 2002, 13:11 report.
# {{note|Reid}} "Six Alliance MPs declare or reaffirm support for Harper's leadership bid", ''Canadian Press'', 7 December 2001, 17:55 report.
# {{note|KMartin}} "Five More MPs endorse Harper", ''Canada NewsWire'', 20 February 2002, 14:25 report.
# {{note|fedopt}} Stephen Harper, "A vision of federalism for all Canadians", ''National Post'', 19 January 2002, A18.
# {{note|language}} Arpon Basu, "Alliance candidate Stephen Harper says French not threatened in Quebec", ''Canadian Press'', 19 January 2002, 17:34 report.
# {{note|CA2001}} Brian Laghi, "Harper launches campaign", ''Globe and Mail'', 4 December 2001, A8.
# {{note|socon02}} Brian Laghi, "Harper campaigns on social issues", ''Globe and Mail'', 21 February 2002, A4.
# {{note|Bush}} Ian Hunter, "The cult of policy", ''Globe and Mail'', 7 March 2002, A19.
# {{note|amateur}} "No more Mr. Nice Guy in Alliance leadership race", ''Kitchener-Waterloo Record'', 4 February 2002, A3.
# {{note|religious}} Robert Fife, "Day accused of courting evangelicals", ''National Post'', 9 February 2002, A06.
# {{note|Dayattack}} Campbell Clark, "Harper attacking minorities, Day leadership camp charges", ''Globe and Mail'', 12 February 2002, A12.
# {{note|DayHarper}} Brian Laghi, "Harper, Day swap insults in debate", ''Globe and Mail'', 8 March 2002, A4.
# {{note|Levant}} Dawn Walton, "Rookie Levant ready to run", ''Globe and Mail'', 28 March 2002, A8; Sheldon Alberts, "'Troubled' Levant lets Harper run", ''National Post'', 29 March 2002, A01.
# {{note|Prentice}} "Alliance leader won't face Tories in byelection bid", ''Winnipeg Free Press'', 31 March 2002, A8.
# {{note|Phipps}} Jeffrey Simpson, "He makes Harper think uncharitable thoughts", ''Globe and Mail'', 7 May 2002, A19. Phipps later said that he was "shocked" by Harper's language. See Louise Elliott, "NDP candidate slams Alliance leader for personal comment, refusal to debate", ''Canadian Press'', 9 May 2002, 17:23 report.
# {{note|Dexter}} Brian Laghi, "Motion by MLAs condemns Harper", ''Globe and Mail'', 31 May 2002, A5. The motion was brought forward by Nova Scotia NDP leader [[Darrell Dexter]].
# {{note|cant}} Louise Elliott, "Harper calls Canada a nation of defeatists, defends remark about easterners", ''Canadian Press'', 29 May 2002, 17:23 report; Brian Laghi, "Premiers tell Harper his attack was wrong", ''Globe and Mail'', 30 May 2002, A8.

{{Commons2|Stephen Harper}}

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[[Category:Star Trek fans|Harper, Stephen]]
[[Category:Torontonians|Harper, Stephen]]
[[Category:Prime Ministers of Canada|Harper, Stephen]]
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Revision as of 19:44, 5 June 2006

{{Infobox PM

| name=The Rt. Hon. Stephen Joseph Harper ,
PC, MP, MA
| pre-name=The Rt. Hon. | post-name=PC, MP, MA | image=Harperpuppet.jpg | country=Canada | term=February 6, 2006
present | before=Paul Martin | after=Incumbent | date_birth=April 30, 1959

Canadian Issues: Stephen Harper: In his own words… Canadian

Human Rights Commissions: "Human rights commissions, as they are evolving, are an attack o­n our fundamental freedoms and the basic existence of a democratic society…It is in fact totalitarianism. I find this is very scary stuff." (BC Report Newsmagazine, January 11, 1999)

On being ‘libertarian’ “But I'm very libertarian in the sense that I believe in small government and, as a general rule, I don't believe in imposing values upon people.” (National Post, March 6, 2004)

Economic conservatism, Harper says during an interview in his Calgary office, is libertarian in nature, emphasizing markets and choice. Libertarian conservatives work to dismantle the remaining elements of the interventionist state and move towards “a market society for the 21st century.” (Toronto Star, April 6, 1997)

Child Poverty:

In 1997, Harper bragged that he was opposed to government programs to eliminate child poverty: “These proposals included cries for billions of new money for social assistance in the name of “child poverty” and for more business subsidies in the name of “cultural identity”. In both cases I was sought out as a rare public figure to oppose such projects.” (The Bulldog, National Citizens Coalition, February 1997)

Universal Social Programs:

"Universality has been severely reduced: it is virtually dead as a concept in most areas of public policy…These achievements are due in part to the Reform Party…” (Speech to the Colin Brown Memorial Dinner, National Citizens Coalition, 1994)

Bilingualism:

“After all, enforced national bilingualism in this country isn’t mere policy. It has attained the status of a religion. It’s a dogma which o­ne is supposed to accept without question. … [M]ake no mistake. Canada is not a bilingual country. In fact it is less bilingual today than it has ever been...As a religion, bilingualism is the god that failed. It has led to no fairness, produced no unity, and cost Canadian taxpayers untold millions.” (Calgary Sun, May 6, 2001)

Federalism:

“It is imperative to take the initiative, to build firewalls around Alberta, to limit the extent to which an aggressive and hostile federal government can encroach upon legitimate provincial jurisdiction.” (National Post, January 24, 2001, “Open Letter to Ralph Klein”)

“If Ottawa giveth, then Ottawa can taketh away… This is o­ne more reason why Westerners, but Albertans in particular, need to think hard about their future in this country. After sober reflection, Albertans should decide that it is time to seek a new relationship with Canada. …Having hit a wall, the next logical step is not to bang our heads against it. It is to take the bricks and begin building another home – a stronger and much more autonomous Alberta. It is time to look at Quebec and to learn. What Albertans should take from this example is to become “maitres chez nous”. (National Post, December 8, 2000)

“[T]he Liberals still insist o­n meddling in provincial jurisdiction in areas such as health care, education, and municipalities ….The federal government should refocus o­n its core areas of responsibility, and allow provinces to define their own priorities for their own societies. … Stephen Harper would seek to recognize, through federal-provincial agreements, that areas of jurisdiction such as labour market development, forestry, mining, housing, recreation, and municipal and urban affairs are exclusive areas of provincial jurisdiction, and to adequately compensate the provinces for withdrawing federal spending in these areas.” (Federalism for All Canadians, Stephen Harper Policy Paper, o­neconservativevoice.ca, March 2004)

“Whether Canada ends up as o­ne national government or two national governments or several national governments, or some other kind of arrangement is, quite frankly, secondary in my opinion… And whether Canada ends up with o­ne national government or two governments or ten governments, the Canadian people will require less government no matter what the constitutional status or arrangement of any future country may be.” (Speech to the Colin Brown Memorial Dinner, National Citizens Coalition, 1994)

On Atlantic Canada:

"There is a dependence in the region that breeds a culture of defeatism," (CBC News, May 30, 2002)

"I think in Atlantic Canada, because of what happened in the decades following Confederation, there is a culture of defeat that we have to overcome. …Atlantic Canada's culture of defeat will be hard to overcome as long as Atlantic Canada is actually physically trailing the rest of the country." (New Brunswick Telegraph Journal, May 29, 2002)

"There's unfortunately a view of too many people in Atlantic Canada that it's o­nly through government favours that there's going to be economic progress, or that's what you look to …That kind of can't-do attitude is a problem in this country but it's obviously more serious in regions that have had have-not status for a long time." (Toronto Sun, May 31, 2002)

“I've taken my position and frankly it's the same position that I took all through the [Alliance] leadership race. I delivered [speeches] everywhere I went, including in the Maritime provinces o­n several occasions, about the spirit of defeatism in the country and what drives it and how we have to address it.” (National Post, May 31, 2002)

On Canadians:

"I think there is a dangerous rise in defeatist sentiment in this country. I have said that repeatedly, and I mean it and I believe it." (Ottawa Citizen, June 3, 2002)

“Canada appears content to become a second-tier socialistic country, boasting ever more loudly about its economy and social services to mask its second-rate status…” (National Post, Dec. 8 2000 p. A18)

“Well I just want to assure you that those kinds of security concerns are widely shared here. Certainly the problems in our porous borders, our immigration system, there are things that we've been raising in the Parliament…Make no mistake, Canada, you know, with its limited resources, our soldiers made an adeq...admirable participation in Afghanistan…” (Interview with Sheppard Smith, Fox TV, September 13, 2002)

“…there is a continental culture. There is a Canadian culture that is in some ways unique to Canada, but I don't think Canadian culture coincides neatly with borders.” (Report Newsmagazine January 7, 2002)

“We've just become increasingly irrelevant to a country [U.S.] that has a lot of priorities…” (CBC Newsworld, July 11, 2003)

“I think in parts of the Prairies we are increasingly seeing similar views that there is no hope, there is no way forward, all we can do is negotiate with the party in power. So I think in any region where you have sustained under-development or lack of growth for a long period of time, this starts to develop… I'd say frankly, generally the kind of can't-do attitude is a problem in this country but it's obviously more serious in regions that have had have-not status for a long time.” (Toronto Star, May 30, 2002)

On Western Canadian society:

"You've got to remember that west of Winnipeg the ridings the Liberals hold are dominated by people who are either recent Asian immigrants or recent migrants from eastern Canada: people who live in ghettoes and who are not integrated into western Canadian society." (Stephen Harper, Report Newsmagazine, January 22, 2001)

Regional Development:

"We have in this country a federal government that increasingly is engaged in trying to determine which business, which regions, which industries will succeed, which will not through a whole range of economic development, regional development corporate subsidization programs. I believe that in the next election we got to propose a radical departure from this." (Global News, February 24, 2002)

Betty Granger:

Betty Granger was o­ne of three Harper leadership organizers in Manitoba. She is a past candidate from the 2000 election whose remarks about an “Asian invasion” created controversy:

“I’m not doing witch-hunts o­n people’s pasts… If someone does something wrong, there will be action taken. But if somebody doesn’t do anything wrong, we’re not going to take any action… I don’t make volunteer field decisions… but Betty Granger is a riding president, a member in good standing. She’s somebody that other members I’ve talked to think very highly of, and quite frankly, she was the victim of an unfair slur story in the last election campaign.” (Calgary Herald, January 15, 2002)

“Betty Granger is party president in the Winnipeg area and o­ne of a large number of party presidents that are supporting this campaign. So, I think this kind of thing is just kind of a low-level form of McCarthyism.” (CTV ”Question Period”, February 10, 2002)

Spending Cuts:

Harper incorrectly predicted that the annual cuts of up to $19-20 billion to federal expenditures proposed by the Reform Party would not be sufficient to eliminate the federal deficit:

“The proposals we made during the election which many people considered drastic, are probably not now adequate to deal with this problem.” (Montreal Gazette, November 30, 1993)

“I do not intend to dispute in any way the need for defence cuts and the need for government spending cuts in general. …I do not share a not in my backyard approach to government spending reductions.” (Hansard, May 23, 1995)

On the Iraq War:

“I don't know all the facts o­n Iraq, but I think we should work closely with the Americans.” (Report Newsmagazine, March 25 2002)

“We should have been there shoulder to shoulder with our allies. Our concern is the instability of our government as an ally. We are playing again with national and global security matters. (Canadian Press Newswire, April 11, 2003)

“On the justification for the war, it wasn't related to finding any particular weapon of mass destruction. In our judgment, it was much more fundamental. It was the removing of a regime that was hostile, that clearly had the intention of constructing weapons systems. … I think, frankly, that everybody knew the post-war situation was probably going to be more difficult than the war itself. Canada remains alienated from its allies, shut out of the reconstruction process to some degree, unable to influence events. There is no upside to the position Canada took.” (Maclean’s, August, 25, 2003)

“The world is now unipolar and contains o­nly o­ne superpower. Canada shares a continent with that superpower. In this context, given our common values and the political, economic and security interests that we share with the United States, there is now no more important foreign policy interest for Canada than maintaining the ability to exercise effective influence in Washington so as to advance unique Canadian policy objectives.” (Canadian Alliance Defence Policy Paper: The New North Strong and Free, May 5, 2003)

“This party will not take its position based o­n public opinion polls. We will not take a stand based o­n focus groups. We will not take a stand based o­n phone-in shows or householder surveys or any other vagaries of pubic opinion… In my judgment Canada will eventually join with the allied coalition if war o­n Iraq comes to pass. The government will join, notwithstanding its failure to prepare, its neglect in co-operating with its allies, or its inability to contribute. In the end it will join out of the necessity created by a pattern of uncertainty and indecision. It will not join as a leader but unnoticed at the back of the parade.” (Hansard, January 29, 2003)

“While there are Canadians who oppose the invasion, Harper said, they are a minority, as are those who are anti-American. It certainly exists. But in fairness, there's an anti-American sentiment among the American left in the United States itself. We have some of that here. But that's a minority sentiment.'” o­nly in Quebec, with its “pacifist tradition,” are most people opposed to the war, Harper said. “Outside of Quebec, I believe very strongly the silent majority of Canadians is strongly supportive.” (Halifax Daily News, April 4, 2003)

"we support the war effort and believe we should be supporting our troops and our allies and be there with them doing everything necessary to win" (Montreal Gazette, April 2, 2003)

On Taxes

“I will strive to make this not the highest-spending country in the world, but instead the lowest taxing o­ne.” (Speech at the Conservative Leadership Convention, March 19, 2004)

“We must aim to make [Canada] a lower tax jurisdiction than the United States.” (Vancouver Province, April 6, 2004)

“They (taxes) can be lower than the U.S. and that should be our financial objective.” (Canadian Press, April 11, 2003)

On being called a Tory:

"It's actually not a label I love. … I am more comfortable with a more populist tradition of conservatism. Toryism has the historical context of hierarchy and elitism and is a different kind of political philosophy. It's not my favourite term, but we're probably stuck with it." (Hamilton Spectator, January 24, 2004) Note: Obviously this was not submitted by the Conservative Party, so if anyone has quotes from Paul Martin and Jack Layton we would love to post them as well!