Jump to content

List of stutterers: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
consistent image size
Line 574: Line 574:
! class="unsortable" width="68%" scope="col"| Comments
! class="unsortable" width="68%" scope="col"| Comments
! class="unsortable" width="5%" scope="col"| Reference(s)
! class="unsortable" width="5%" scope="col"| Reference(s)
|- valign="top"
!scope="row"| {{sortname|Harry|Illouz}}
| 1987–present
| Prince of accounting
| align="center" |
|- valign="top"
|- valign="top"
!scope="row"| {{sortname|Prince|Albert II|Albert II, Prince of Monaco}}
!scope="row"| {{sortname|Prince|Albert II|Albert II, Prince of Monaco}}

Revision as of 19:20, 10 September 2013

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.
Man in robes with long brown hair practicing speaking by the ocean with pebbles in his mouth
Greek orator Demosthenes practicing oratory at the beach with pebbles in his mouth

Stuttering (alalia syllabaris), also known as stammering (alalia literalis or anarthria literalis), is a speech disorder in which the flow of speech is disrupted by involuntary repetitions and prolongations of sounds, syllables, words or phrases, and involuntary silent pauses or blocks in which the stutterer is unable to produce sounds.[1] The exact etiology of stuttering is unknown; both genetics and neurophysiology are thought to contribute.[2] There are many treatments and speech therapy techniques available that may help increase fluency in some stutterers to the point where an untrained ear cannot identify a problem; however, there is essentially no cure for the disorder at present.[3][4]

Some stutterers include British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, orator Demosthenes, King George VI, actor James Earl Jones, and country singer Mel Tillis. Churchill, whose stutter was particularly apparent to 1920s writers,[5] was one of the 30% of stutterers who have an associated speech disorder—a lisp in his case—yet led his nation through World War II.[6][7] Demosthenes stammered and was inarticulate as a youth yet through dedicated practice, such as by placing pebbles in his mouth, became a great orator of Ancient Greece.[8] King George VI was so embarrassed by his public speaking that he hired speech therapist Lionel Logue and greatly improved his public speaking.[9] This training and its results are the focus of the 2010 film The King's Speech.[10] James Earl Jones has stated he was mute for many years of his youth yet he became an actor noted for the power of his voice.[11][12] Mel Tillis stutters when talking but not when singing.[13] Many people had their speech impediment only as a child and have overcome their condition.[14]


Actors

Man sitting with a black knit shirt and gold medallion
Actor James Earl Jones in 2010
Man in suit with left hand in pocket facing left
German silent film actor Bruno Kastner circa 1920
Woman in hot pink dress dancing and singing with both arms raised
Actress Marilyn Monroe in 1953's Gentlemen Prefer Blondes
Actors with stutters
Name Lifetime Comments Reference(s)
Rowan Atkinson 1955–present English comedian, screenwriter, and actor who incorporates his stuttering into his work by using over-articulation to overcome problematic consonants [15][16]
Emily Blunt 1983–present English actress who won a Golden Globe Award in 2007 [17]
Peter Bonerz 1938–present American actor and producer who played Jerry the orthodontist on The Bob Newhart Show [18]
Nicholas Brendon 1971–present American actor who serves with the Stuttering Foundation of America [19]
Jaik Campbell 1973–present British comedian who won British Stammering Association Writing Award in 2006 [20][21]
Hugh Grant 1960–present English actor who won a BAFTA and a Golden Globe Award in 1995 [22]
Dieter Thomas Heck 1937–present German actor and TV producer; started stuttering after being trapped under a staircase after a bombing raid in World War II [23][24]
James Earl Jones 1931–present American actor who overcame stuttering to become noted for his powerful voice [11][22][25]
Samuel L. Jackson 1948–present American actor who has appeared in over 100 films; active in Civil Rights Movement [22]
Javivi 1961–present Spanish actor who has appeared in films and TV series, usually in comical roles. [26]
Bruno Kastner 1890–1930 German film actor and producer; committed suicide with the advent of sound films because of his speech impediment [27]
Harvey Keitel 1939–present Prolific American stage and movie actor [28]
Daniel Kitson 1977–present English comedian winner of the Perrier Comedy Award in 2002 [22][29]
Peggy Lipton 1946–present American actress who played "Peggy Barnes" on The Mod Squad [28]
John Melendez 1965–present American television writer and radio personality known as "Stuttering John" [30]
Marilyn Monroe 1926–1962 American actress, singer, model, and sex symbol; Golden Globe Award nominee in 1956 [22][25]
Sam Neill 1947–present New Zealand actor who played Dr. Alan Grant in Jurassic Park [31]
Austin Pendleton 1940–present American actor, playwright, theatrical director, and instructor [18]
Anthony Quinn 1915–2001 Mexican-American actor, painter, and writer [28]
Kangna Ranaut 1987–present Indian Bollywood actress who won a National Film Award in 2008 [28]
Eric Roberts 1956–present American actor, Golden Globe Award nominee in 1978; brother of actress Julia Roberts [28]
Julia Roberts 1967–present One of the highest paid American actresses in terms of box office receipts; sister of actor Eric Roberts [28][32]
Tom Sizemore 1961–present American actor and producer [28]
Cole Sprouse 1992–present American actor, twin of Dylan Sprouse [28][33]
James Stewart 1908–1997 American film and stage actor whose stutter was a signature trait of his work. [34][35][36]
Bruce Willis 1955–present American actor, producer, and musician who played the role of John McClane in the Die Hard series [22]

Athletes

Man kneeling and holding a basketball in a Harlem Globetrotters uniform
Basketball player Wilt Chamberlain in 1959 while a Harlem Globetrotter
Woman golfer with standing with hat and hands on hips
Golfer Sophie Gustafson in 2008
Athletes with stutters
Name Lifetime Comments Reference(s)
Kelly Brown 1982–present Scottish rugby union player [37]
Rubin Carter 1937–present American boxer known as "The Hurricane" [18]
Wilt Chamberlain 1936–1999 American basketball player, holds numerous official NBA all-time records [38]
Johnny Damon 1973–present American major league baseball outfielder [39]
Bob Love 1942–present American basketball player [40]
Sophie Gustafson 1973–present Swedish golfer [18]
Ron Harper 1964–present American basketball player [18]
Lester Hayes 1955–present American football cornerback [41]
Ben Johnson 1961–present Canadian sprinter [18]
Bo Jackson 1962–present American baseball and football player, 1985 Heisman Trophy winner [42]
Tommy John 1943–present American baseball pitcher [18]
Michael Kidd-Gilchrist 1993–present American basketball player [43]
Ellis Lankster 1987–present American football cornerback [44]
Greg Louganis 1960–present American diver [18]
Kenyon Martin 1977–present American basketball player [18]
Kenndal McArdle 1987–present Canadian hockey player [18]
Adrian N. Peterson 1979–present American football running back [18]
Darren Sproles 1983–present American football running back [45]
Jake Steinfeld 1958–present American actor and fitness personality who had a fitness line "Body by Jake" and TV show called Body by Jake [46]
Duane Thomas 1947–present American football running back [18]
Dave Taylor 1955–present American ice hockey player [18]
Michael Spinks 1956–present American boxer who was a world champion in the light-heavyweight and heavyweight divisions (1981–1988) [18]
Ken Venturi 1931–present American golfer and golf broadcaster [47]
Bill Walton 1952–present American basketball player [48]
Tiger Woods 1975–present American golfer, formerly ranked World No. 1 (2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009) [49]

Politicians

Man gray coat and black top hat
Prime Minister Winston Churchill in 1942
Joe Biden had a history of stuttering
Politicians with stutters
Name Lifetime Comments Reference(s)
Ed Balls 1967–present British Labour politician; Member of Parliament (2005–) [50]
Antonio Bassolino 1947–present Mayor of Naples (1994–1998); President of Campania (2000–2010); member of Italian Communist Party [18]
Joe Biden 1942–present United States Senator from Delaware, 47th Vice President of the United States (2009–) [18][51][52]
Winston Churchill 1874–1965 Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1940–1945, 1951–1955); Nobel Prize in Literature recipient in 1953 [22][25]
Claudius Template:Dtsh10 BC – 54 AD Emperor of Rome (41–54) [53]
Demosthenes Template:Dtsh384 BC – 322 BC Ancient Greek orator and politician [8]
Proinsias De Rossa 1940–present Irish Labour Party politician; Member of the European Parliament (1989–1992, 1999–) [54]
Thomas Kean 1935–present American politician, 48th Governor of New Jersey (1982–1990) [55]
E. M. S. Namboodiripad 1909–1998 Indian communist politician; Chief Minister of Kerala (1957–1959, 1967–1969) [56]
Matti Vanhanen 1955–present Prime Minister of Finland (2003–2010) [57]

Singers and musicians

Man in white slacks and black jacket standing singing on stage
Country singer Mel Tillis in 2007 at the Grand Ole Opry
Singers and musicians with stutters
Name Lifetime Comments Reference(s)
Marc Almond 1957–present English singer and songwriter [58]
Noel Gallagher 1967–present English singer, guitarist, and vocalist [59]
Gareth Gates 1984–present English singer and songwriter [60]
Scatman John 1942–1999 American scat singer [61]
Jim Kerr 1959–present Scottish singer and songwriter [22]
Chris Martin 1977–present English singer, songwriter, and guitarist [22]
Kylie Minogue 1968–present Australian singer, songwriter, and actress [22]
Peter Murphy 1957–present English singer, songwriter, and actor [62]
Scroobius Pip 1981–present English hip-hop musician [18]
Elvis Presley 1935–1977 American rock and roll singer [25]
Mel Tillis 1932–present American country singer, spokesman and honorary chairman of the Stuttering Foundation of America in 1998 [13][63]
Carly Simon 1945–present American singer, songwriter, musician, and children's author; recipient of two Grammy Awards, an Academy Award, and a Golden Globe Award; member of Grammy Hall of Fame [18][64]
Chris Trapper 19??–present American musician [18]
Bill Withers 1938–present American singer and songwriter [18]

Writers

Man with moustache standing in suit
Writer W. Somerset Maugham in 1934
Man with moustache standing in suit and facing right
Writer Machado de Assis circa 1896
Writers with stutters
Name Lifetime Comments Reference(s)
Arnold Bennett 1867–1931 English journalist and novelist [18]
Michael Bentine 1922–1996 British comedian, script-writer, and reader of children's books [18]
Elizabeth Bowen 1899–1973 Irish novelist and short story writer [18]
Lewis Carroll 1832–1898 English author, mathematician, logician, Anglican deacon and photographer [22][25]
Jim Davis 1945–present American cartoonist [65]
Machado de Assis 1838–1908 Brazilian novelist, short story writer, poet, and literary critic [66]
Margaret Drabble 1939–present English novelist, biographer, and literary critic [67]
David Seidler 1937–present Britsh screenwriter; BAFTA and Academy Award-winning writer of The King's Speech. [18]
Han Fei Template:Dtsh280 BC – 233 BC Chinese philosopher and writer [18]
Henry James 1843–1916 American-born writer and critic who spent most of his life in England [18]
Dylan Jones 1960–present British journalist and editor [68][69]
Somerset Maugham 1874–1965 English novelist, playwright, and short story writer [22][25]
Edward Hoagland 1932–present American nature and travel writer [70]
Michael McCurdy 1942–present American illustrator, author, and publisher [18]
David Mitchell 1969–present English novelist [71]
John Montague 1929–present Irish poet [18]
Peter Straub 1943–present American author and poet [18]
Nevil Shute 1899–1960 British novelist and aeronautical engineer [18]
David Shields 1956–present American writer of fiction and nonfiction [18]
Budd Schulberg 1914–2009 American screenwriter, television producer, novelist and sports writer [18]
David Seidler 1937–present Britsh screenwriter; BAFTA and Academy Award-winning writer of The King's Speech. [72]
Kenneth Tynan 1937–1980 English theater critic and writer [18]
John Updike 1932–2009 American novelist, poet, short story writer, art critic, and literary critic [22]
David Foster Wallace 1962–2008 American novelist, essayist, short story writer, and professor [73]

Others

Man standing in royal regalia
King George VI of the United Kingdom circa 1940–1946
Man in beige shirt standing and talking, with finger pointed
Zoologist Alan Rabinowitz on 20 October 2010
Woodcut of man facing left with cloth hat and robe
Mathematician Niccolò Tartaglia later in life
Other people with stutters
Name Lifetime Comments Reference(s)
Harry Illouz 1987–present Prince of accounting
Prince Albert II 1958–present Prince of Monaco [18][51]
Terry Allen 1888–1969 United States Army Major General during World War II [74]
Aristotle Template:Dtsh384 BC – 322 BC Greek philosopher and writer [22][25]
Homer Bigart 1907–1991 American newspaper reporter who won two Pulitzer Prize for combat reporting—one each during World War II and the Korean War [75]
Howard Bingham 1939–present American photographer and biographer of Muhammad Ali [18]
Arthur Blank 1942–present American businessman, co-founder of The Home Depot and owner of the National Football League's Atlanta Falcons [18]
Patrick Campbell 1913–1980 3rd Baron Glenavy, Irish-born British journalist, humorist and television personality [18]
Lord Carver 1915–2001 British Field Marshal, tank commander in World War II; Chief of the Defence Staff [76]
Lord David Cecil 1902–1986 British biographer, historian and professor [18]
King Charles I 1600–1649 King of England (1625–1649) [77]
Charles Darwin 1809–1882 English naturalist [28]
Harley Earl 1893–1969 American car designer, first vice president of design at General Motors [18]
Jake Eberts 1941–present Canadian movie producer, director, and financier [78]
Malcolm Fraser 1903–1994 American philanthropist and businessman [79][80]
King George VI 1895–1952 King of the United Kingdom [22]
Sidney Gottlieb 1918–1999 American chemist who worked with the Central Intelligence Agency [18]
Vernon Hill 1945–present American banker [18]
King James II 1633–1701 King of England (1685–1688) [81]
Alvin Lucier 1931–present American music professor and composer of experimental music [18]
Adam Michnik 1946–present Polish editor, historian, essayist, and political commentator [18]
Isaac Newton 1642–1727 English physicist, mathematician, astronomer, natural philosopher, alchemist, and theologian [22]
Bruce Oldfield 1950–present British fashion designer [18]
Alan Rabinowitz 1953–present American zoologist, conservationist, field biologist, and President and CEO of Panthera [18][82]
John Stossel 1947–present American consumer reporter, investigative journalist, author, and libertarian columnist [83]
Niccolò Fontana Tartaglia 1499–1557 Italian mathematician, engineer, and surveyor [18]
Jack Welch 1935–present American chemical engineer, businessman, and author [18]
Ludwig Wittgenstein 1889–1951 Austrian philosopher, often lived abroad [22]

References

  1. ^ "ICD-10 F95.8 – Stuttering". World Health Organization. Retrieved 16 July 2011.
  2. ^ Gordon, N (2002). "Stuttering: incidence and causes". Developmental medicine and child neurology. 44 (4): 278–281. doi:10.1017/S0012162201002067. PMID 11995897. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  3. ^ Prasse, Jane E. (2008). "Stuttering: An Overview". American Family Physician. 77 (9): 1271–1276. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help) Retrieved from Academic Research Library database, (Document ID: 1468009541).
  4. ^ "Therapy Outcomes". Stuttering Foundation. Retrieved 16 July 2011.
  5. ^ "Winston Churchill, Stutterer". University of Toronto. Retrieved 28 January 2012.
  6. ^ "Experts Agree That Churchill Did Stutter". Stuttering Foundation. Retrieved 20 July 2011.
  7. ^ Mather, M.D., John. "Churchill's speech impediment was stuttering". Winston Churchill.org. Retrieved 20 July 2011.
  8. ^ a b "Demosthenes". Encyclopaedia Britannica. 2002.
  9. ^ Rhodes James, Robert (1998). A Spirit Undaunted: The Political Role of George VI. London: Little, Brown, and Co. p. 98. ISBN 0-316-64765-9.
  10. ^ Reed, Rex (22 November 2010). "Did I Stutter? The King's Speech Is the Best Movie of the Year". New York Observer. London. Retrieved 20 July 2011.
  11. ^ a b James Earl Jones (29 June 1996). (Interview). Interviewed by The American Academy of Achievement for the National Medal of Arts http://www.achievement.org/autodoc/page/jon2int-2. Retrieved 20 February 2011. {{cite interview}}: Missing or empty |title= (help); Unknown parameter |city= ignored (|location= suggested) (help)
  12. ^ Flint Marx, Rebecca. "James Earl Jones Biography". All Movie Guide. Retrieved 20 July 2011.
  13. ^ a b "Stammering Therapy -Does Analyzing Help Or Does It Make Stuttering Worse?". Stop Stuttering. 24 March 2010. Retrieved 20 July 2011.
  14. ^ "Stuttering". National Institutes of Health – National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders. Retrieved 27 July 2011.
  15. ^ Raphael, Amy (30 March 2003). "Fears of a clown". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 16 July 2011.
  16. ^ "10 Questions for Rowan Atkinson". Time. 23 August 2007. Retrieved 16 July 2011.
  17. ^ "Movie Star Talks about Stuttering". Stuttering Foundation. 15 July 2011. Retrieved 16 July 2011.
  18. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au "Famous People Who Stutter". Minnesota State University – Mankato. Retrieved 16 July 2011.
  19. ^ Reed Moran, W. (15 May 2001). "Nicholas Brendon faces down stuttering demon". USA Today. Retrieved 16 July 2011.
  20. ^ "Jaik Campbell: L-L-Lost for Words – My Life with a Stutter – Free". Broadway Baby. Retrieved 16 July 2011.
  21. ^ "I've started, so I'll finish..." BBC. 23 July 2009. Retrieved 16 July 2011.
  22. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Trubo, Richard (2001). The New Book Of Knowledge – Health and Medicine. New York: Grolier. pp. 112–123. ISBN 0-7172-0608-4. Note: This annual was also published under the title The 2001 World Book Health & Medical Annual, United States of America: 2001 World Book, Inc.
  23. ^ "Der Parade-Deutsche". Der Spiegel. 8: 78. 1995.
  24. ^ Zylka, Jenni (11 December 2011). "Zigarette und Bierglas, zack. Das war schon heavy". Der Spiegel. 8. Retrieved 5 February 2011.
  25. ^ a b c d e f g Braunstein, M.D., Glenn D. (28 February 2011). "Understanding Stuttering". The Huffington Post. London. Retrieved 20 July 2011.
  26. ^ "Javivi: Me gustaría presentar un concurso y hacerlo divertido" (in Spanish). Europa Press. Retrieved 10 May 2012.
  27. ^ Staedeli, Thomas. "Bruno Kastner". Cyranos. Retrieved 15 August 2011.
  28. ^ a b c d e f g h i "Famous People Who Stutter". Stuttering Foundation. Retrieved 16 July 2011.
  29. ^ "31 Years of Discovering Comedy Genius". Fosters Edinburgh Comedy. Retrieved 16 July 2011.
  30. ^ "Just Asking: H-h-h-here's Johnny!". Entertainment Weekly. 16 July 1993. Retrieved 16 July 2011. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  31. ^ "Heartfelt interview was no act for Sam Neill". British Stammering Association. Retrieved 16 July 2011.
  32. ^ "People Index". Box Office Mojo. 5 February 2010. Retrieved 16 July 2011.
  33. ^ "The Sprouse Twins, 17 – Young and minted: teens who struck it big". MSN Money. Retrieved 16 July 2011.
  34. ^ Akinson, Steve (3 July 1997). "MY WONDERFUL LIFE; Film legend James Stewart dies at 89". Daily Mirror. Retrieved 22 August 2012.
  35. ^ Palin, Michael (11 February 2011). "The King's Speech". The Huffington Post. Retrieved 22 August 2012.
  36. ^ Sullivan, Tom (2003). Seeing Lessons: 14 Life Secrets I've Learned Along the Way. John Wiley & Sons. p. 96. ISBN 9780471263562.
  37. ^ "Warrior talk". British Stammering Association. Retrieved 17 July 2011.
  38. ^ Greenberger, Robert (2002). Wilt Chamberlain. New York: Rosen Publishing Group. p. 14. ISBN 0-8239-3486-1.
  39. ^ Lapointe, Joe (25 September 2004). "Meet the Mane Attraction of the Boston Red Sox". New York Times. Retrieved 17 July 2011.
  40. ^ "Documentary shares Bob Love's story". Stuttering Foundation. Retrieved 17 July 2011.
  41. ^ Barron, David (31 July 2004). "Having overcome chronic sinus problems and a speech defect, Lester Hayes reflects on a career he credits to Al Davis and stickum". Houston Chronicle. Retrieved 17 July 2011.
  42. ^ "Bo Knows Best". ESPN. Retrieved 17 July 2011.
  43. ^ "Kentucky's Michael Kidd-Gilchrist no longer bothered by his stuttering".
  44. ^ "New York Jets Cornerback Ellis Lankster Honored by Stuttering Foundation: Fan Perspective".
  45. ^ "Despite a stuttering problem, Chargers return man Sproles is ... Speaking Loudly". North County Times. 29 November 2007. Retrieved 17 July 2011.
  46. ^ Leon, Masha. "Smooth Sailing for Stuttering Gala Maiden Voyage Aboard the QM2". Jewish Daily Forward. Retrieved 16 July 2011.
  47. ^ "My Shot: Ken Venturi". Golf Digest. December 2004. Retrieved 17 July 2011.
  48. ^ "Therapy and Self-Therapy for Stuttering". Veils of Stuttering. Retrieved 17 July 2011.
  49. ^ Schorn, Daniel (2 December 2009). "Tiger Woods Up Close And Personal". CBS 60 Minutes. Retrieved 17 July 2011.
  50. ^ "Ed Balls talks about his stammer". British Stammering Association. March 2010. Retrieved 16 July 2011.
  51. ^ a b "Politics and Stuttering Mix Well". Stuttering Foundation. Retrieved 16 July 2011.
  52. ^ Ekman, Monica (23 August 2008). "10 Things You Didn't Know About Joe Biden". U.S. News & World Report. Retrieved 16 July 2011.
  53. ^ "Claudius". Encyclopaedia Britannica. 2002.
  54. ^ "Irish Stammering Association – Media Factsheet" (PDF). Irish Stammering Association. Retrieved 16 July 2011.
  55. ^ Siemaszko, Corky (1 March 2011). "'The King's Speech' has special meaning to former NJ Gov. Thomas Kean, who struggled with stuttering". New York Daily News. Retrieved 16 July 2011.
  56. ^ Gangadhar, V. "Always Time For a Laugh". Outlook India. Retrieved 16 July 2011.
  57. ^ "Presidenttiehdokas Matti Vanhanen ja vaalit 2006" (in Finnish). Peda.net. Retrieved 16 July 2011.
  58. ^ Burston, Paul (29 May 2007). "Marc Almond: Interview". TimeOut. Retrieved 16 July 2011.
  59. ^ Harris, John (2004). Britpop!: Cool Britannia and the Spectacular Demise of English Rock. Cambridge, MA: Da Capo Press. p. 118. ISBN 0-306-81367-X.
  60. ^ Waggott, Gina. "Book reviews: Gareth Gates – Right From the Start". British Stammering Association. Retrieved 16 July 2011.
  61. ^ "The Stutter and the Scat Is The Same Thing". Minnesota State University – Mankato. Retrieved 16 July 2011.
  62. ^ "Tough Questions for Peter Murphy". Spin Magazine. Retrieved 28 August 2011.
  63. ^ "Meet Mel Tillis". Mel Tillis.com. Retrieved 17 July 2011.
  64. ^ Sue Zeidler (18 April 2012). "On stammering, stage fright and the love of music". Ottawa Citizen. Retrieved 19 April 2012.
  65. ^ "Cartoonist Jim Davis-The Man Behind Garfield". American Profile. Retrieved 17 July 2011.
  66. ^ "Machado de Assis and psychiatry: a chapter in the relations between art and clinical practice in Brazil". Scientific Electronic Library Online. Retrieved 17 July 2011.
  67. ^ "Public Speech and Public Silence". British Stammering Association. Retrieved 17 July 2011.
  68. ^ Jones, Dylan (17 October 2006). "Why I hate the letter D". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 17 July 2011.
  69. ^ "The Rules For Mastering a Stammer". British Stammering Association. Retrieved 17 July 2011.
  70. ^ "Essayist, nature writer Hoagland due in San Francisco". University of California – Davis, Davis Community Network. 28 January 1996. Retrieved 17 July 2011.
  71. ^ "My stammer is a secret informant". British Stammering Association. Retrieved 17 July 2011.
  72. ^ Seidler, David (20 December 2010). "How the 'Naughty Word' Cured the King's Stutter (and mine)". Daily Mail. Retrieved 8 November 2011.
  73. ^ Lawler, Christa (25 January 2011). "Review: 'Infinite Jest' by David Foster Wallace". Christa Lawler. Retrieved 17 July 2011.
  74. ^ "Battle of Sicily: A Matter of Days". Time. 9 August 1943. Retrieved 18 July 2011.
  75. ^ Severo, Richard (17 April 1991). "Homer Bigart, Acclaimed Reporter, Dies". New York Times. Retrieved 18 July 2011.
  76. ^ van der Vat, Dan (12 December 2001). "Field Marshal Lord Carver". Guardian. Retrieved 18 July 2011.
  77. ^ Dutton, Ralph (1963). English Court Life: From Henry VII to George II. London: B. T. Batsford. p. 232. ISBN 978-1-4058-5903-5.
  78. ^ Doty, Laura. "Famous People Who Stutter". Minnesota State University – Duluth. Retrieved 18 July 2011.
  79. ^ Fraser, Jane (23 August 1998). "Stuttering Foundation of America – Looking Back and Looking Forward". Minnesota State University – Mankato. Retrieved 18 July 2011.
  80. ^ "Malcolm H. Fraser, 91, Retailer of Auto Parts". New York Times. 19 February 2008. Retrieved 18 July 2011.
  81. ^ Haile, Martin (1905). Queen Mary of Modena: Her Life and Letters. London: J.M. Dent. p. 40.
  82. ^ "Conservationist and SFA spokesman Alan Rabinowitz is featured on Speaking of Faith, a program on public radio". Stuttering Foundation. Retrieved 18 July 2011.
  83. ^ "John Stossel for the Stuttering Foundation". Stuttering Foundation. Retrieved 18 July 2011.

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=List_of_stutterers&oldid=572385969"