Oranjegekte: Difference between revisions
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==History== |
==History== |
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''Oranjegekte'' was initially confined to a few days in the year reserved for celebrations of the monarchy, until it expanded to include sports events.<ref name="Elzinga2006">{{cite book|last=Blockmans|first=W.P.|editor=D.J. Elzinga|title=De Nederlandse constitutionele monarchie in een veranderend Europa|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=CVjxhaoQt_cC&pg=PA129|accessdate=5 June 2012|year=2006|publisher=Kluwer|isbn=9789013037777|pages=127–32|chapter=De toegevoegde waarde}}</ref> Festivities were usually organized at the local level by neighborhood associations and ''Oranjeverenigingen'' ("Orange associations") and supported financially by the government. Notable events include the January 1937 wedding between [[Juliana of the Netherlands]], then the Dutch crown princess, and [[Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld|Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld]]; in [[Emmen]] and other places festivities lasted until the start of [[World War II]].<ref name="Hoek">{{cite book|last=Hoek-Beugeling|first=S.|title=Emmen, het groote vreugdeoord|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=rpsEX5EzxqkC&pg=PA93|accessdate=6 June 2012|year=2008|publisher=Centraal Boekhuis|isbn=9789033006586|pages=87–94}}</ref> |
''Oranjegekte'' was initially confined to a few days in the year reserved for celebrations of the monarchy, until it expanded to include sports events.<ref name="Elzinga2006">{{cite book|last=Blockmans|first=W.P.|editor=D.J. Elzinga|title=De Nederlandse constitutionele monarchie in een veranderend Europa|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=CVjxhaoQt_cC&pg=PA129|accessdate=5 June 2012|year=2006|publisher=Kluwer|isbn=9789013037777|pages=127–32|chapter=De toegevoegde waarde}}</ref> Festivities were usually organized at the local level by neighborhood associations and ''Oranjeverenigingen'' ("Orange associations") and supported financially by the government. Notable events include the January 1937 wedding between [[Juliana of the Netherlands]], then the Dutch crown princess, and [[Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld|Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld]]; in [[Emmen, Netherlands|Emmen]] and other places festivities lasted until the start of [[World War II]].<ref name="Hoek">{{cite book|last=Hoek-Beugeling|first=S.|title=Emmen, het groote vreugdeoord|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=rpsEX5EzxqkC&pg=PA93|accessdate=6 June 2012|year=2008|publisher=Centraal Boekhuis|isbn=9789033006586|pages=87–94}}</ref> |
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In 1934 ''Oranjegekte'' in relation to sports became a phenomenon remarked on in the Dutch media when during the [[1934 FIFA World Cup]] in Italy, thousands of supporters (though not yet orange-clad) traveled to Italy and crowded the boulevards, some dressed in the traditional garb of [[Volendam]] (according to ''[[De Telegraaf]]''), singing "We gaan naar Rome toe" ("We're going to Rome"). ''Oranjegekte'' is considered to have really taken off during the [[1974 FIFA World Cup|1974 World Cup]], where 30 to 40 thousand Dutch fans attended every game: "Along the way a new phenomenon revealed itself during the tournament: national ''oranjegekte'' and masses of supporters following the team." Even the 2-1 loss to Germany in the final did not dampen Dutch enthusiasm in Germany and at home, though the loss left a wound not healed until [[UEFA Euro 1988]].<ref name="hart">{{cite book|last=Hart|first=Joep de|title=Voorbeelden en nabeelden: historische vergelijkingen naar aanleiding van de dood van Fortuyn en Hazes|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=4ukM1TfnxmAC&pg=PA52|accessdate=5 June 2012|year=2005|publisher=Sociaal en Cultureel Planbureau|isbn=9789037702484|pages=52–60|chapter='Collectief nagelbijten en hardgrondig synchroonvloeken...': Oranjekoorts rond het Nederlands elftal in 1988, 1974 en 1934}}</ref> |
In 1934 ''Oranjegekte'' in relation to sports became a phenomenon remarked on in the Dutch media when during the [[1934 FIFA World Cup]] in Italy, thousands of supporters (though not yet orange-clad) traveled to Italy and crowded the boulevards, some dressed in the traditional garb of [[Volendam]] (according to ''[[De Telegraaf]]''), singing "We gaan naar Rome toe" ("We're going to Rome"). ''Oranjegekte'' is considered to have really taken off during the [[1974 FIFA World Cup|1974 World Cup]], where 30 to 40 thousand Dutch fans attended every game: "Along the way a new phenomenon revealed itself during the tournament: national ''oranjegekte'' and masses of supporters following the team." Even the 2-1 loss to Germany in the final did not dampen Dutch enthusiasm in Germany and at home, though the loss left a wound not healed until [[UEFA Euro 1988]].<ref name="hart">{{cite book|last=Hart|first=Joep de|title=Voorbeelden en nabeelden: historische vergelijkingen naar aanleiding van de dood van Fortuyn en Hazes|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=4ukM1TfnxmAC&pg=PA52|accessdate=5 June 2012|year=2005|publisher=Sociaal en Cultureel Planbureau|isbn=9789037702484|pages=52–60|chapter='Collectief nagelbijten en hardgrondig synchroonvloeken...': Oranjekoorts rond het Nederlands elftal in 1988, 1974 en 1934}}</ref> |
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Revision as of 21:23, 14 September 2013
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (June 2012) |
Oranjegekte (Orange craze) or Oranjekoorts (Orange fever) is a phenomenon in the Netherlands that occurs during major sporting events, especially international football championships, and during Koninginnedag, an annual holiday celebrating the queen's birthday. It manifests itself in the wearing of orange clothing such as T-shirts, caps and scarfs; lavish attention for sports and sports fans in the media; and the decoration of cars,[1] rooms, houses, shops, and even entire streets in orange,[2] the traditional color of the Dutch royal family, the House of Orange-Nassau.
History
Oranjegekte was initially confined to a few days in the year reserved for celebrations of the monarchy, until it expanded to include sports events.[3] Festivities were usually organized at the local level by neighborhood associations and Oranjeverenigingen ("Orange associations") and supported financially by the government. Notable events include the January 1937 wedding between Juliana of the Netherlands, then the Dutch crown princess, and Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld; in Emmen and other places festivities lasted until the start of World War II.[4]
In 1934 Oranjegekte in relation to sports became a phenomenon remarked on in the Dutch media when during the 1934 FIFA World Cup in Italy, thousands of supporters (though not yet orange-clad) traveled to Italy and crowded the boulevards, some dressed in the traditional garb of Volendam (according to De Telegraaf), singing "We gaan naar Rome toe" ("We're going to Rome"). Oranjegekte is considered to have really taken off during the 1974 World Cup, where 30 to 40 thousand Dutch fans attended every game: "Along the way a new phenomenon revealed itself during the tournament: national oranjegekte and masses of supporters following the team." Even the 2-1 loss to Germany in the final did not dampen Dutch enthusiasm in Germany and at home, though the loss left a wound not healed until UEFA Euro 1988.[5]
Importance and meaning
Oranjegekte has been compared to the Scottish Tartan Army—both, it is argued, are elements of national identity formation, simultaneously personal and collective, and not rational.[6] It is cultivated by organizations such as the Dutch Olympic Committee, which stage events to increase orange fever and drum up support for Dutch Olympians.[7]
The phenomenon is of great importance to commerce as well. Many companies introduce special orange editions of their regular products. Commercials tend to respond well to this and especially during World Championships a lot of commercials refer to the event. Many brands and supermarket chains introduce special goodies during these events—well-known are the Heineken hats and Albert Heijn's Wuppies, Welpies and Beesies. Likewise, popular artists produce special topical songs around the time of the European and World Championships that refer to the Netherlands national football team, usually metonymized as Oranje (Orange).
Sociologist Dick Houtman characterized orange fever as exhibiting a (desperate) desire for cultural identity, which expresses itself also in the stigmatization of other (Islamic) identities deemed incomparable with the imagined Dutch identity.[8]
References
- ^ Voordouw, Wilko (1 June 2012). "Oranjegekte steeds vroeger en steeds gekker". Nederlands Dagblad. Retrieved 5 June 2012.
- ^ "Gooise brandweer legt nadruk op 'veilige' oranjegekte op straat". Dichtbij.nl. 5 June 2012. Retrieved 5 June 2012.
- ^ Blockmans, W.P. (2006). "De toegevoegde waarde". In D.J. Elzinga (ed.). De Nederlandse constitutionele monarchie in een veranderend Europa. Kluwer. pp. 127–32. ISBN 9789013037777. Retrieved 5 June 2012.
- ^ Hoek-Beugeling, S. (2008). Emmen, het groote vreugdeoord. Centraal Boekhuis. pp. 87–94. ISBN 9789033006586. Retrieved 6 June 2012.
- ^ Hart, Joep de (2005). "'Collectief nagelbijten en hardgrondig synchroonvloeken...': Oranjekoorts rond het Nederlands elftal in 1988, 1974 en 1934". Voorbeelden en nabeelden: historische vergelijkingen naar aanleiding van de dood van Fortuyn en Hazes. Sociaal en Cultureel Planbureau. pp. 52–60. ISBN 9789037702484. Retrieved 5 June 2012.
- ^ Dejonghe, T. (2007). Sport in de wereld. Academia Press. p. 95. ISBN 9789038211671. Retrieved 6 June 2012.
- ^ Lokerman, W J P M (2004). Adfo Sponsoring Cases. Kluwer. p. 35. ISBN 9789014089447. Retrieved 6 June 2012.
- ^ Houtman, Dick (2008). Op jacht naar de echte Werkelijkheid: Dromen over authenticiteit in een wereld zonder Fundamenten. Amsterdam UP. p. 18. ISBN 9789085550037. Retrieved 6 June 2012.