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* [[H. Paul Varley|Varley, H. Paul]]. (1980). ''A Chronicle of Gods and Sovereigns: Jinnō Shōtōki of Kitabatake Chikafusa.'' New York: [[Columbia University Press]]. 10-ISBN 0231049404/13-ISBN 9780231049405; [http://www.worldcat.org/title/chronicle-of-gods-and-sovereigns-jinno-shotoki-of-kitabatake-chikafusa/oclc/6042764&referer=brief_results OCLC 6042764]
* [[H. Paul Varley|Varley, H. Paul]]. (1980). ''A Chronicle of Gods and Sovereigns: Jinnō Shōtōki of Kitabatake Chikafusa.'' New York: [[Columbia University Press]]. 10-ISBN 0231049404/13-ISBN 9780231049405; [http://www.worldcat.org/title/chronicle-of-gods-and-sovereigns-jinno-shotoki-of-kitabatake-chikafusa/oclc/6042764&referer=brief_results OCLC 6042764]


==External links==
==External links==
* [[National Diet Library]], "The Japanese Calendar" [http://www.ndl.go.jp/koyomi/e/ -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection]
* [[National Diet Library]], "The Japanese Calendar" [http://www.ndl.go.jp/koyomi/e/ -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection]


{{s-start}}
<center>
{{succession box
{| border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"
| before = [[Jingo-keiun]]
|----- style="font-weight:bold;background-color:#CCCCCC;color:#000000;text-align:right"
| title = [[Japanese era name|Era or ''nengō'']]<br>Hōki
| Hōki || 1st || 2nd || 3rd || 4th || 5th || 6th || 7th || 8th || 9th || 10th
| after =[[Ten'ō]]
| 11th || 12th
| years = 770–781
|----- style="background-color:#FFFFFF;"
}}
| [[Gregorian Calendar|Gregorian]] || 770 || 771 || 772 || 773 || 774
{{s-end}}
| 775 || 776 || 777 || 778 || 779 || 780 || 781
|}
<center>
{| border ="1"
|-----
| width ="30%" align ="center" |
Preceded by:<br>''[[Jingo-keiun]]''
| width ="40%" align ="center" |
'''[[Japanese era name|Era or ''nengō'']]''':<br>Hōki
| width ="30%" align ="center" |
Succeeded by:<br>''[[Ten'ō]]''
|}
</center>


{{Japanese era name}}
{{Japanese era name}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Hoki}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Hoki}}
[[Category:Japanese eras]]
[[Category:Japanese eras]]



{{Japan-era-stub}}
{{Japan-era-stub}}

Revision as of 23:14, 3 October 2013

Hōki (宝亀) was a Japanese era name (年号,, nengō,, lit. "year name") after Jingo-keiun and before Ten'ō. This period spanned the years from October 770 through January 781.[1] The reigning emperor was Kōnin-tennō (光仁天皇).[2]

Change of era

  • 770 Hōki gannen (宝亀元年): The new era name was created to mark an event or series of events. The previous era ended and the new one commenced in Jingo-keiun 4, on the 18th day of the 8th month of 770.[3]

Events of the Hōki era

  • October 23, 770 (Hōki 1, 1st day of the 10th month): The era name was changed to mark the beginning of Emperor Konin's reign.[3]
  • 778 (Hōki 9): The emperor granted Kashima-jinja a divine seal for use on documents.[4]
  • August 28, 779 (Hōki 10, 7th month): Fujiwara no Momokawa died at age 48.[5]
  • 781 (Hōki 12, 4th month ): The emperor abdicated in favor of his son, who would later come to be known as Emperor Kammu. Emperor Kōnin's reign had lasted for 11 years.[3]
  • 781 (Hōki 12, 12th month): Kōnin died at the age of 73.[6]

Notes

  1. ^ Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "Hōki" in Japan Encyclopedia, p. 343, p. 343, at Google Books; n.b., Louis-Frédéric is pseudonym of Louis-Frédéric Nussbaum, see Deutsche Nationalbibliothek Authority File.
  2. ^ Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Annales des empereurs du japon, p. 81-85., p. 81, at Google Books; Brown, Delmer et al. (1979). Gukanshō, pp. 276-277; Varley, H. Paul. Jinnō Shōtōki, pp. 147-148.
  3. ^ a b c Brown, p. 277.
  4. ^ Ponsonby-Fane, Richard. (1963) The Vicissitudes of Shinto, p. 206.
  5. ^ Titsingh, p. 84., p. 84, at Google Books
  6. ^ Brown, p. 277; Varley, p. 148.

References

Preceded by Era or nengō
Hōki

770–781
Succeeded by