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|colspan=2|''[[One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (film)|One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest]]''
|colspan=2|''[[One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (film)|One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest]]''
|Producer only[[Academy Award for Best Picture]]<br />[[BAFTA Award for Best Film]]<br />[[Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture - Drama]]
|Producer only<br>[[Academy Award for Best Picture]]<br />[[BAFTA Award for Best Film]]<br />[[Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture - Drama]]
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Revision as of 10:02, 21 October 2013

Template:Distinguish2

For other people named Michael Douglas, see Michael Douglas (disambiguation).
Michael Douglas
Douglas at the 2012 Tribeca Film Festival.
Born
Michael Kirk Douglas

(1944-09-25) September 25, 1944 (age 80)
New Brunswick, New Jersey, US
NationalityAmerican
EducationAllen-Stevenson School
Choate Rosemary Hall
Alma materUniversity of California, Santa Barbara, California, US
Occupation(s)Actor
Producer
Years active1966‒present
Spouse(s)
Diandra Luker
​
(m. 1977⁠–⁠2000)​

​
​
(m. 2000)​
ChildrenCameron (b. 1978)
Dylan Michael (b. 2000)
Carys Zeta (b. 2003)
Parent(s)Kirk Douglas
Diana Dill

Michael Kirk Douglas (born September 25, 1944) is an American actor and producer, primarily in movies and television. He has won four Golden Globes, including the Cecil B. DeMille Award, two Academy Awards—as producer of 1975's Best Picture, One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest and as Best Actor in 1987 for his role as Gordon Gekko in Wall Street, and an Emmy Award in 2013 for his portrayal of Liberace in the HBO film Behind the Candelabra. Other performances include The Game, Wonder Boys, Traffic and Falling Down. Douglas received the AFI Life Achievement Award in 2009.[1] He is the eldest of actor Kirk Douglas's four sons.

Early life and education

Douglas was born in New Brunswick, New Jersey, the first child of actor Kirk Douglas and Bermudian-born actress Diana Love Dill. His parents met at the American Academy of Dramatic Arts.[2] His paternal grandparents were Jewish immigrants from Gomel (now in Belarus, then part of the Russian Empire).[3] His mother was from Devonshire Parish, Bermuda, and has English, Irish, Scottish, Welsh, French, Belgian, and Dutch ancestry.[4][5][6] Douglas's maternal grandfather, Lieutenant Colonel Thomas Melville Dill, served as Attorney General of Bermuda, as a Member of the Parliament of Bermuda (MCP), and as commanding officer of the Bermuda Militia Artillery.[7] Douglas has a younger brother, Joel Douglas (born 1947), and two paternal half-brothers, Peter Douglas (born 1955) and Eric Douglas (1958–2004), from stepmother Anne Buydens.

Douglas attended The Allen-Stevenson School in New York City, Eaglebrook School in Deerfield, Massachusetts, and The Choate Preparatory School (now Choate Rosemary Hall) in Wallingford, Connecticut. He received his B.A. in drama from the University of California, Santa Barbara in 1968, where he was also the Honorary President of the UCSB Alumni Association. He studied acting with Wynn Handman at The American Place Theatre in New York City.[8]

Career

Early years

Douglas with Tisha Sterling in the CBS Playhouse production, The Experiment., Douglas's first television role.[9]

His first TV breakthrough role came with a 1969 CBS-TV "Playhouse" special, "The Experiment"—and it was the only time he was billed as "M.K. Douglas." [10] Michael Douglas started his film career in the late 1960s and early 1970s, appearing in little known films like Hail, Hero! and Summertree. His first significant role came in the TV series The Streets of San Francisco from 1972 to 1976, in which he starred alongside Karl Malden. Douglas later said that Malden became a "mentor" and someone he "admired and loved deeply".[11] After Douglas left the show, he had a long association with his mentor until Malden's death on July 1, 2009. In 2004, Douglas presented Malden with the Monte Cristo Award of the Eugene O'Neill Theater Center in Waterford, Connecticut for the Lifetime Achievement Award.

In 1975, Douglas received from his father, Kirk Douglas, the rights to the novel One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest. Michael went on to produce the film of the same name with Saul Zaentz.[12] Kirk Douglas hoped to portray McMurphy himself, having starred in an earlier stage version, but was deemed too old for the part by his son Michael. Kirk relented, and the lead role went instead to Jack Nicholson, who won the Academy Award for Best Actor. Douglas won the Award for Best Picture for producing the film.

After leaving Streets of San Francisco in 1976, Douglas played a hospital doctor in the medical thriller Coma (1978), and in 1979 he played the role of a troubled marathon runner in Running. In 1979, he both produced and starred in The China Syndrome, a dramatic film co-starring Jane Fonda and Jack Lemmon about a nuclear power plant accident (the Three Mile Island accident took place 12 days after the film's release). The film was considered "one of the most intelligent Hollywood films of the 1970s."[8]

Success in Hollywood

Douglas's acting career was propelled to fame when he produced and starred in the 1984 romantic adventure comedy Romancing the Stone. It also helped launch Kathleen Turner to stardom, reintroduced Douglas as a capable leading man, and gave director Robert Zemeckis his first box-office success. The film also starred Danny DeVito, a friend of Douglas since they had shared an apartment in the 1960s.[13] It was followed a year later by a sequel, The Jewel of the Nile, which he also produced.

Douglas in The Streets of San Francisco circa 1975.

The year 1987 saw Douglas star in the horror thriller Fatal Attraction with Glenn Close. That same year he played tycoon Gordon Gekko in Oliver Stone's Wall Street for which he received an Academy Award as Best Actor. He reprised his role as Gekko in the sequel Wall Street: Money Never Sleeps in 2010, also directed by Stone.[14]

Douglas again teamed with Kathleen Turner and Danny DeVito for the 1989 film The War of the Roses. In 1989 he starred in Ridley Scott's international police crime drama Black Rain opposite Andy García and Kate Capshaw; the film was shot in Osaka, Japan.[15]

In 1992, Douglas had another successful starring role when he appeared alongside Sharon Stone in the film Basic Instinct. The movie was a box office hit, and sparked controversy over its depictions of bisexuality and lesbianism. In 1994 Douglas and Demi Moore starred in the hit movie Disclosure focusing on the topic of sexual harassment with Douglas playing a man harassed by his new female boss. Other popular films he starred in during the decade were Falling Down, The American President, The Ghost and the Darkness, The Game (directed by David Fincher), and a remake of Alfred Hitchcock's classic – Dial M for Murder – titled A Perfect Murder. In 1998 Douglas received the Crystal Globe award for outstanding artistic contribution to world cinema at the Karlovy Vary International Film Festival.[16]

In 2000 Douglas starred in Steven Soderbergh's critically acclaimed film Traffic, opposite Benicio del Toro and future wife, Catherine Zeta-Jones. That same year he also received critical acclaim for his role in Wonder Boys, as a professor and novelist suffering from writer's block. He was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor in a Drama as well as several other awards from critics.

Types of roles

According to film historian and critic David Thomson, Douglas was capable of playing characters who were "weak, culpable, morally indolent, compromised, and greedy for illicit sensation without losing that basic probity or potential for ethical character that we require of a hero."[17] Critic and author Rob Edelman points out similarities in many of Douglas's roles, writing that in some of his leading films, he personified the "contemporary, Caucasian middle-to-upper-class American male who finds himself the brunt of female anger because of real or imagined sexual slights."[8]

These themes of male victimization are seen in films such as Fatal Attraction (1987), with Glenn Close, War of the Roses (1989), with Kathleen Turner, Basic Instinct (1992), with Sharon Stone, Falling Down (1993), and Disclosure (1994), with Demi Moore. For his characters in films such as these, "any kind of sexual contact with someone other than his mate and the mother of his children is destined to come at a costly price."[8] Edelman describes his characters as the "Everyman who must contend with, and be victimized by, these women and their raging, psychotic sexuality."[8]

Conversely, Douglas also played powerful characters with dominating personalities equally well: as Gordon Gekko, in the Wall Street franchise, he acted the role of a "greedy yuppie personification of the Me generation," convinced that "greed is good;" in Romancing the Stone and The Jewel of the Nile, he played an idealistic soldier of fortune; in The Star Chamber (1983), he was a court judge fed up with an inadequate legal system, leading him to become involved with a vigilante group; and in Black Rain (1989), he proved he could also play a Stallone-like action hero as a New York City cop.[8]

Actor and producer

Having become recognized as both a successful producer and actor, he describes himself as "an actor first and a producer second." He has explained why he enjoys both functions:

I love the fact that on one side, with acting, you can be a child—acting is wonderful for its innocence and the fun. . . On the other side, producing is fun for all the adult kinds of things you do. You deal in business, you deal with the creative forces. As an adult who continues to get older, you like the adult risks. It's flying without a net, taking chances and learning. I was never good in economics or business—had no business background, you know, and I like it.[18]

He has also offered reasons why he has become successful in both acting and producing:

I think I'm a chameleon. I think it's something that I possibly inherited early on as a child going back and forth between two families. I know that whether it's right or wrong, I have an ability to sort of fit into a lot of different situations and make people feel relatively comfortable in a wide range without giving up all my moral values. I think that same chameleonlike quality can transfer into films. I think if you can remember the reason you got involved with it in the first place and try to keep that impulsive, instinctive feeling even when you're being beaten down or exhausted or waylaid, you'll be successful.[18]

Recent years

Douglas in June 2004.

Douglas starred in Don't Say a Word, filmed shortly before his marriage to Zeta-Jones. In 2003, he starred in It Runs in the Family, which featured three generations of his family (his parents, Kirk and Diana, as well as his own son, Cameron). The film, although a labor of love, was not successful, critically or at the box office. He then starred in the poorly received action-thriller The Sentinel in 2006. During that time, he also guest-appeared on the episode, "Fatal Attraction", of the popular television sitcom Will and Grace, as a gay cop attracted to Will Truman (Eric McCormack); the performance earned Douglas an Emmy Award nomination for Outstanding Guest Actor in a Comedy Show.

Douglas was approached for Basic Instinct 2, but he declined to participate in the project. He said:

"Yes, they asked me to do it a while ago, I thought we had done it very effectively; [Paul] Verhoeven is a pretty good director. I haven't seen the sequel. I've only done one sequel in my life, The Jewel of the Nile, from Romancing the Stone. Besides, there were age issues, you know? Sharon still looks fabulous. The script was pretty good. Good for her, she's in her late-40s, and there are not a lot of parts around. The first one was probably the best picture of her career—it certainly made her career and she was great in it".[19]

In December 2007 Douglas began announcing the introduction to NBC Nightly News. Howard Reig, the previous announcer, had retired two years earlier.[20]

Douglas' latest work with collaborator Steven Soderbergh was the 2013 film Behind the Candelabra, playing Liberace, opposite Matt Damon, centered on the pianist's life.[21] His portrayal of Liberace received critical acclaim, which resulted in him receiving the Primetime Emmy award for Outstanding Lead Actor in A Miniseries or Movie at the 65th Primetime Emmy awards.

Douglas is on the Board of Selectors of the Jefferson Awards for Public Service.[22]

Future engagements

Douglas is rumored to appear in Tragic Indifference, a courtroom thriller based on a landmark liability case against Ford Motor Company, according to Variety. Douglas will play the attorney who took Ford to court on behalf of a single mother from Texas who was paralyzed and nearly died after an accident. The trial exposed the automaker's indifference to flaws in its Sport Utility Vehicles (SUV). The movie will be based on Adam Penenberg's 2003 book of the same name. Douglas will play Attorney Tab Turner, who represented Donna Bailey after the Ford Explorer SUV she was riding in rolled over following a Firestone tire failure.[23]

Personal life

Family

Douglas in 2012 at a Vanity Fair party with his wife, Catherine Zeta-Jones.

After the filming of Summertree in 1971, Douglas began dating actress Brenda Vaccaro, a relationship that lasted nearly six years.[24]

In March 1977, Douglas, who was 32 years old at the time, married 19-year-old Diandra Luker, the daughter of an Austrian diplomat.[25][26] They had one son, Cameron, born in 1978. In 1995, Diandra filed for divorce and was awarded $45 million as part of the divorce settlement.[26][27]

Dating since March 1999, Douglas married Welsh actress Catherine Zeta-Jones on November 18, 2000. They were both born on September 25th, though 25 years apart. Zeta-Jones says that when they met in Deauville, France, Douglas used the line, "I want to father your children."[28] They have two children, son Dylan Michael (born August 8, 2000) and daughter Carys Zeta (born April 20, 2003).[29] In August 2013, People claimed that Douglas and Zeta-Jones began living separately in May 2013, but have not taken any legal action towards separation or divorce.[30] A representative for Zeta-Jones subsequently confirmed that they "are taking some time apart to evaluate and work on their marriage."[31]

Douglas, the son of a Jewish father and an Anglican mother, has declared no religious affiliation.[32]

Family tree

Citizenship

Douglas is a U.S. citizen by birth in the United States and has Bermudian Status[33] through his mother's birth in Bermuda.

Skiing accident and rehab

Douglas at the 1987 Cannes Film Festival.

In 1980, Douglas was involved in a serious skiing accident which sidelined his acting career for three years. On September 17, 1992, the same year Basic Instinct came out, he began a 30-day treatment for alcoholism and drug addiction at Sierra Tucson Center.[34]

In 1997, New York caddie James Parker sued Douglas for $25 million.[35] Parker accused Douglas of hitting him in the groin with an errant golf ball, causing Parker great distress. The case was later settled out of court.[36]

Stalking

In 2004, Douglas and Zeta-Jones took legal action against stalker Dawnette Knight, who was accused of sending violent letters to the couple that contained graphic threats on Zeta-Jones's life. Testifying, Zeta-Jones said the threats left her so shaken she feared a nervous breakdown.[37] Knight claimed she had been in love with Douglas and admitted to the offenses, which took place between October 2003 and May 2004. She was sentenced to three years in prison.

Health problems

It was announced on August 16, 2010 that Douglas was suffering from throat cancer and would undergo chemotherapy and radiation treatment.[38] On August 31, 2010, Douglas appeared on Late Show with David Letterman and confirmed that the cancer was at stage IV, the most advanced stage.[39]

Douglas credits the discovery of his cancer to the public Canadian health system since a doctor in Montreal, Quebec diagnosed the actor's medical condition after numerous American specialists failed to do so.[40][41] To express his gratitude, Douglas has since participated in fundraisers for Montreal's Jewish General Hospital, where he was diagnosed, and the McGill University Health Centre with which the hospital is affiliated.[42]

Douglas attributed the cancer to a combination of stress, his previous alcohol abuse, and years of heavy smoking.[43] In July 2011, Star magazine published photographs which appeared to show Douglas smoking a cigarette while on holiday that month.[44] A representative for Douglas' spokesman Allen Burry declined to comment on the photographs.[45]

In November 2010, Douglas was put on a special weight-gain diet by his doctors due to the excessive weight loss leaving him weak.[46] On January 11, 2011, he said in an interview that the tumor was gone. He said that the illness and aggressive treatment had caused him to lose 32 lbs.[47] He said he has to have monthly screenings because there is a very high chance that the cancer could return within two to three years.[48] Although Douglas has described the cancer as throat cancer, many doctors believe he was actually diagnosed with oropharyngeal cancer.[49][50] In June 2013, Douglas told The Guardian that his type of cancer is caused by HPV, transmitted by cunnilingus,[2] leading some media to report this as well. His spokesman, Allen Burry,[51] denied these reports and portrayed Douglas' conversation with The Guardian as general and not referring specifically to Douglas' diagnosis.

Activism

File:"Putting an End to Nuclear Explosions" by CTBTO.jpg
Opening of an exhibition by the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization entitled "Putting an End to Nuclear Explosions". From left to right: Michael Douglas, Marty Natalegawa, Ban Ki-moon, Taib Fassi Fihri and Sergio de Queiroz Duarte.

Political activities

Douglas and Zeta-Jones hosted the annual Nobel Peace Prize concert in Oslo, Norway, on December 11, 2003. They acted as co-masters of ceremony in the concert celebrating the award given to Iranian human rights activist Shirin Ebadi. In 2006, Douglas was awarded an honorary Doctor of Letters (D.Litt.) from the University of St. Andrews in Scotland.

He is an advocate of nuclear disarmament, a supporter of the Nuclear Age Peace Foundation, and sits on the Board of Directors of the anti-war grantmaking foundation Ploughshares Fund. In 1998, he was appointed UN Messenger of Peace by Secretary-General Kofi Annan.[52] He is a notable Democrat and has donated money to Barack Obama, Christopher Dodd, and Al Franken.[53] He has been a major supporter of gun control since John Lennon was murdered in 1980.[54]

In 2006, he was a featured speaker in a public service campaign sponsored by a UN conference to focus attention on trade of illicit arms, especially of small arms and light weapons. Douglas made several appearances and offered his opinions:

"The conference is an opportunity for UN member states to build on the Program of Action and to encourage countries to strengthen their laws on the illicit trade, … an issue that affects us all … [and] while owning guns is a legal right in most countries, the illegal trade in guns continues to fuel conflict, crime and violence."[55]

A few years earlier, in 2003, Douglas hosted a "powerful film" on child soldiers and the impact of combat on children in countries such as Sierra Leone. During the documentary film, Douglas interviewed children, and estimated that they were among 300,000 other children worldwide who have been conscripted or kidnapped and forced to fight. Of one such child he interviewed, Douglas stated, "After being kidnapped by a rebel group, he was tortured, drugged, and forced to commit atrocities."[55] Douglas discussed his role as a Messenger Peace for the UN:

"I'm in an enviable position … When I talk about movies I can talk about messages of peace, and infuse them into the entertainment pages."[55]

In February, 2012, following his return to the character of financial criminal Gordon Gekko, the Federal Bureau of Investigation released a public service announcement video of Michael Douglas calling on viewers to report financial crime.[56][57][58][59]

Humanitarian initiatives

In 2009 Douglas joined the project Soldiers of Peace, a movie against all wars and for global peace.[60][61]

Douglas lent his support for the campaign to release Sakineh Mohammadi Ashtiani, the Iranian woman, who after having been convicted of committing adultery, was given a sentence of death by stoning.[62]

Filmography

Filmography
Year Title Role Notes
1966 Cast a Giant Shadow Jeep driver
1969 Hail, Hero! Carl Dixon Nominated—Golden Globe Award for Most Promising Male Newcomer
1970 Adam at Six A.M. Adam Gaines
1971 Summertree Jerry
1972 Napoleon and Samantha Danny
1972–1976 The Streets of San Francisco Steve Keller Nominated—Golden Globe Award for Best Actor - Television Series Drama (1975)
1975 One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest Producer only
Academy Award for Best Picture
BAFTA Award for Best Film
Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture - Drama
1978 Coma Dr. Mark Bellows
1979 Running Michael Andropolis Nominated—Genie Award for Best Performance by a Foreign Actor
The China Syndrome Richard Adams Also Producer
Nominated – BAFTA Award for Best Film
Nominated – Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture - Drama
1980 It's My Turn Ben Lewin
1983 The Star Chamber Superior Court Judge Steven R. Hardin
1984 Romancing the Stone Jack Colton Also Producer
Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture - Musical or Comedy
1985 A Chorus Line Zach
The Jewel of the Nile Jack Colton Also Producer
1987 Fatal Attraction Dan Gallagher Nominated—BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role
Wall Street Gordon Gekko Academy Award for Best Actor
David di Donatello for Best Actor
Golden Globe Award for Best Actor - Motion Picture Drama
Kansas City Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actor
Nastro d'Argento best Foreign Actor
National Board of Review Award for Best Actor
1989 The War of the Roses Oliver Rose Nominated—Golden Globe Award for Best Actor - Motion Picture Musical or Comedy
Black Rain Det. Sgt. Nick Conklin
1992 Basic Instinct Nick Curran Nominated—MTV Movie Award for Best Performance
Nominated—MTV Movie Award for Best On-Screen Duo shared with Sharon Stone
Shining Through Ed Leland
1993 Falling Down William "D-Fens" Foster
1994 Disclosure Tom Sanders
1995 The American President President Andrew Shepherd Nominated—Golden Globe Award for Best Actor - Motion Picture Musical or Comedy
1996 The Ghost and the Darkness Charles Remington Also Executive Producer
1997 The Game Nicholas Van Orton
Face/Off Executive Producer
1998 A Perfect Murder Steven Taylor
2000 Wonder Boys Professor Grady Tripp Los Angeles Film Critics Association Award for Best Actor
Satellite Award for Best Actor - Motion Picture Musical or Comedy
SEFCA Award for Best Actor
Nominated—BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role
Nominated—Chicago Film Critics Association Award for Best Actor
Nominated—Golden Globe Award for Best Actor - Motion Picture Drama
Nominated—LVFCS Award for Best Actor
Nominated—London Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actor
Nominated—Online Film Critics Society Award for Best Actor
Nominated—Phoenix Film Critics Society Award for Best Actor
Traffic Robert Wakefield Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture
Nominated—Las Vegas Film Critics Society Award for Best Actor
2001 Don't Say a Word Dr. Nathan R. Conrad
One Night at McCool's Mr. Burmeister Also Producer
2003 The In-Laws Steve Tobias
It Runs in the Family Alex Gromberg
2006 You, Me and Dupree Mr. Thompson
The Sentinel Pete Garrison Also Producer
2007 King of California Charlie
2009 Ghosts of Girlfriends Past Wayne Mead
Beyond a Reasonable Doubt Mark Hunter
Solitary Man Ben Kalmen Nominated—Dallas-Fort Worth Film Critics Association Award for Best Actor
Nominated—Satellite Award for Best Actor - Motion Picture Drama
2010 Wall Street: Money Never Sleeps Gordon Gekko Nominated—Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor – Motion Picture
2011 Haywire Alex Coblenz
2013 Behind the Candelabra Liberace Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Movie/Miniseries Actor
Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Miniseries or Movie[63]
Last Vegas Billy
2014 And So It Goes Actor Filming
2014 Reykjavik Ronald Reagan Filming

References

  1. ^ Kilday, Gregg (2009-06-15). "AFI Life award all in Douglas family". The Hollywood Reporter. pp. 9, 14. Retrieved 2009-09-04.
  2. ^ a b Brooks, Xan (2 June 2013). "Michael Douglas on Liberace, Cannes, cancer and cunnilingus". The Guardian.
  3. ^ Tugend, Tom (December 12, 2006). "Lucky number 90". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved December 12, 2006.
  4. ^ In the wings: a memoir, 1999, by Diana Douglas Darrid, p. 17
  5. ^ [1]
  6. ^ Biography for Michael Douglas at IMDb
  7. ^ "Ancestors of Michael Kirk Douglas". Conovergenealogy.com. Retrieved 2009-10-17.
  8. ^ a b c d e f Edelman, Rob; Unterburger, Amy L. (Ed.) International Dictionary of Films and Filmmakers-3: Actors and Actresses (3rd Ed.), St. James Press (1997) pp. 347–348
  9. ^ TV.com: CBS Playhouse: The Experiment
  10. ^ M.K Douglas TV Appearance
  11. ^ McLellan, Dennis (July 2, 2009). "Oscar-winning actor Karl Malden dies at 97". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved September 15, 2010.
  12. ^ "One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest". Filmsite.org. Retrieved September 15, 2010.
  13. ^ NY Daily News Michael Douglas, Danny DeVito remember old times at film awards
  14. ^ "Michael Douglas to Star in Wall Street 2". TVGuide.com. Retrieved April 29, 2009.
  15. ^ "Filming locations for "Black Rain" (1989)". IMDB.com.
  16. ^ "33rd Karlovy Vary IFF Awards". Retrieved September 25, 2006.
  17. ^ Thomson, David. The New Biographical Dictionary of Film, Alfred A. Knopf (2002) pp. 247–249
  18. ^ a b Hirschberg, Lynn. Rolling Stone magazine, Jan. 16, 1986 pp. 28–32, 41
  19. ^ "In conversation with Michael Douglas". Empire (August 2006). {{cite journal}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  20. ^ "Michael Douglas Does the News". Zap2it.com. December 19, 2007.
  21. ^ Mikelbank, Peter (2009-09-15). "Michael Douglas To Play Liberace". People. Retrieved 2009-09-15.
  22. ^ http://www.jeffersonawards.org/board
  23. ^ "Michael Douglas to Star in Tragic Indifference". Movieweb.com. 2007-04-24. Retrieved 2009-10-17.
  24. ^ Michael Douglas & Brenda Vaccaro: Is Out-of-Wedlock No Longer In?. People.com (1974-09-02). Retrieved on 2012-05-04.
  25. ^ "Ten Most Expensive Divorce Settlements in Hollywood", 6 May 2009
  26. ^ a b ''People Magazine. People.com (1995-07-10). Retrieved on 2012-05-04.
  27. ^ 10 Most Expensive Celebrity Divorces, ''Forbers.com'', 12 April 2007. Forbes.com (2002-05-22). Retrieved on 2012-05-04.
  28. ^ "Cheesy chat up line that snagged Catherine Zeta-Jones". The Sydney Morning Herald. July 12, 2007.
  29. ^ "Carys—a name rooted in love". BBC News. April 22, 2003. Retrieved September 25, 2006.
  30. ^ "Michael Douglas and Catherine Zeta-Jones Separate". People. August 28, 2013. Retrieved August 28, 2013.
  31. ^ Takeda, Allison (August 28, 2013). "Catherine Zeta-Jones, Michael Douglas "Taking Some Time Apart"". Us Weekly. Retrieved August 28, 2013.
  32. ^ Galloway, Stephen (2010-11-29). "Michael Douglas: One Hell of a Year". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved 2010-12-17. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  33. ^ Our records indicate that Michael K Douglas, 09/25/1944 has Bermudian status. Bermuda Department of Immigration
  34. ^ "'Michael Douglas' Biography Reveals Actor's Hidden Demons (EXCERPT)". Huffington Post. 2012-09-18.
  35. ^ "The Smoking Gun Archive". The Smoking Gun. Retrieved December 23, 2006.
  36. ^ "Michael Douglas closes testicle chapter". salon.com. December 23, 2000.
  37. ^ Three-year term for Zeta stalker from BBC News Wales
  38. ^ "Michael Douglas to Undergo Throat Cancer Treatment". ABC News. Retrieved August 16, 2010.
  39. ^ Brooks, Xan (September 1, 2010). "Michael Douglas reveals his cancer has spread". The Guardian. London. Retrieved September 1, 2010.
  40. ^ Michael Douglas praises Canadian health care. Gobeandmail.com (2011-05-03). Retrieved 2012-06-19.
  41. ^ Brooks, Xan (September 1, 2010). "Michael Douglas reveals his cancer has spread". The Guardian. London. Retrieved September 1, 2010.
  42. ^ "Douglas lends star power to Head and Neck Cancer fundraiser". McGill Reporter. Montreal. May 5, 2011. Retrieved August 28, 2013.
  43. ^ "Michael Douglas: 'Cigarettes And Alcohol Caused My Cancer'". Starpulse.com (2010-09-01). Retrieved 2012-05-04.
  44. ^ "Is Michael Douglas still smoking despite throat cancer?" CBS News.
  45. ^ Dillon, Nancy (July 29, 2011). "Michael Douglas caught smoking again after beating throat cancer". Daily News.
  46. ^ "Michael Douglas' recent weight loss worries doctors", November 14, 2010
  47. ^ "Michael Douglas says tumour is gone", BBC News, January 11, 2011
  48. ^ Carroll, Linda, "With throat tumor gone, Michael Douglas begins 3-year waiting game", MSNBC. 2011-01-10
  49. ^ Exact type of cancer Douglas has per www.medscape.com. Medscape.com. Retrieved 2012-05-04.
  50. ^ "Doctors believe Douglas has oropharyngeal cancer, not throat cancer". Newsoxy.com. Retrieved 2012-05-04.
  51. ^ "Michael Douglas' Throat Cancer Not Really Caused By Oral Sex, Rep Says (UPDATED)". Huffington Post.
  52. ^ "Messengers of Peace". United Nations. Retrieved December 23, 2006.
  53. ^ "Donor search—Michael Douglas". newsmeat.com.
  54. ^ Michael Douglas – Douglas Pushes For Tighter Gun Control. Contactmusic.com. Retrieved on 2012-05-04.
  55. ^ a b c Firsing, Scott T. Disturbing Times: The State of the Planet and Its Possible Future, South Publishers (2007) pp. 92–93
  56. ^ Official website of the Federal Bureau of Investigation: The State of Financial Crime (Watch Videos)
  57. ^ The Huffington Post: Michael Douglas Stars In FBI's Anti-Financial Fraud PSA
  58. ^ WNYC: FBI Taps Michael Douglas to Raise Financial Crime-Fighting Profile
  59. ^ ABC News: Gordon Gekko Takes on Insider Trading
  60. ^ "Michael Douglas—The Cast—Soldiers of Peace". Soldiersofpeacemovie.com. Retrieved 2009-10-17.
  61. ^ "Soldati di Pace (Soldiers of Peace)". Soldatidipace.blogspot.com. 2004-02-26. Retrieved 2009-10-17.
  62. ^ "Iran stoning case woman ordered to name campaigners". The Guardian. London. July 22, 2010.
  63. ^ Marechal, AJ (July 18, 2013). "Emmys: Michael Douglas On His 'Larger Than Life' Liberace Role". Variety.
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