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According to author Charles Edward Banks, the ''Mayflower'' had fourteen officers consisting of the captain, four mates, four quartermasters, surgeon, carpenter, cooper, cooks, boatswains, gunners and about thirty-six men before the mast, making a total of fifty. Other authors in more recent times estimate a crew of about thirty. The entire crew stayed with the ''Mayflower'' in Plymouth through the winter of 1620-1621. During that time, about half of the crew died. The crewmen that survived returned on the ''Mayflower'' which sailed for London on April 5 1621.<ref>Charles Edward Banks, ''The English Ancestry and Homes of the Pilgrim Fathers: who came to Plymouth on the Mayflower in 1620, the Fortune in 1621, and the Anne and the Little James in 1623'' (Baltimore, MD.:Genealogical Publishing Co., 2006) pp 18-19</ref><ref>Caleb H. Johnson, ''The Mayflower and her passengers'' (Indiana:Xlibris Corp., Caleb Johnson, 2006) p. 33</ref><ref>Eugene Aubrey Stratton, ''Plymouth Colony: Its History and People, 1620-1691'' (Salt Lake City:Ancestry Publishing 1986) p. 21</ref><ref>Nick Bunker, ''Making Haste from Babylon: The ''Mayflower'' Pilgrims and their New World a History'' (New York: Knopf 2010), p. 31</ref><ref>Nathaniel Philbrick, ''Mayflower: A Story of Courage, Community and War'', (Penguin Books 2006) p. 25</ref>
According to author Charles Edward Banks, the ''Mayflower'' had fourteen officers consisting of the captain, four mates, four quartermasters, surgeon, carpenter, cooper, cooks, boatswains, gunners and about thirty-six men before the mast, making a total of fifty. Other authors in more recent times estimate a crew of about thirty. The entire crew stayed with the ''Mayflower'' in Plymouth through the winter of 1620-1621. During that time, about half of the crew died. The crewmen that survived returned on the ''Mayflower'' which sailed for London on April 5 1621.<ref>Charles Edward Banks, ''The English Ancestry and Homes of the Pilgrim Fathers: who came to Plymouth on the Mayflower in 1620, the Fortune in 1621, and the Anne and the Little James in 1623'' (Baltimore, MD.:Genealogical Publishing Co., 2006) pp 18-19</ref><ref>Caleb H. Johnson, ''The Mayflower and her passengers'' (Indiana:Xlibris Corp., Caleb Johnson, 2006) p. 33</ref><ref>Eugene Aubrey Stratton, ''Plymouth Colony: Its History and People, 1620-1691'' (Salt Lake City:Ancestry Publishing 1986) p. 21</ref><ref>Nick Bunker, ''Making Haste from Babylon: The ''Mayflower'' Pilgrims and their New World a History'' (New York: Knopf 2010), p. 31</ref><ref>Nathaniel Philbrick, ''Mayflower: A Story of Courage, Community and War'', (Penguin Books 2006) p. 25</ref>


===Men hired to stay one year===
*[[John Alden]] - He was a 21 year-old from Harwich, Essex as was Capt. Jones. He was both a crewman and ships cooper with the very important task of maintaining the ships barrels. In these were stored the only source of Mayflower food and drink while at sea, and tending them required a crew members attention. He was given the choice of remaining in the colony or returning to England. He decided to remain.<ref>Caleb H. Johnson, ''The Mayflower and her passengers'' (Indiana:Xlibris Corp., Caleb Johnson, 2006) pp. 34, 36</ref><ref>Charles Edward Banks, ''The English Ancestry and Homes of the Pilgrim Fathers: who came to Plymouth on the Mayflower in 1620, the Fortune in 1621, and the Anne and the Little James in 1623'' (Baltimore, MD.:Genealogical Publishing Co., 2006) pp. 7, 19, 27-28</ref>
*[[John Alden]] - He was a 21 year-old from Harwich, Essex as was Capt. Jones. He was both a crewman and ships cooper with the very important task of maintaining the ships barrels. In these were stored the only source of Mayflower food and drink while at sea, and tending them required a crew members attention. He was given the choice of remaining in the colony or returning to England. He decided to remain.<ref>Caleb H. Johnson, ''The Mayflower and her passengers'' (Indiana:Xlibris Corp., Caleb Johnson, 2006) pp. 34, 36</ref><ref>Charles Edward Banks, ''The English Ancestry and Homes of the Pilgrim Fathers: who came to Plymouth on the Mayflower in 1620, the Fortune in 1621, and the Anne and the Little James in 1623'' (Baltimore, MD.:Genealogical Publishing Co., 2006) pp. 7, 19, 27-28</ref>


Revision as of 17:10, 2 November 2013

Mayflower in Plymouth Harbor by William Halsall (1882)

This is a list of the passengers on board the Mayflower during its trans-Atlantic voyage of September 6 - November 9, 1620, the majority of them becoming the settlers of Plymouth Colony in what is now Massachusetts. Of the passengers, 37 were members of the separatist Leiden congregation seeking freedom of worship in the New World. The Mayflower launched with 102 passengers, and a crew headed by Captain Christopher Jones. One baby was born during the trip and named Oceanus Hopkins. Another, Peregrine (meaning "wanderer") White, was born on the Mayflower in America on November 20, before the settlement at Plymouth. About half of these emigrants died in the first winter. Many Americans can trace their ancestry back to one or more of these individuals who, 'Saints' and 'Strangers' together, would become known as the Pilgrims.

Thirteen of the eighteen servants listed were attached to Pilgrim families, the other five were with non-Pilgrim families. Four of those listed were small children, given over by Samuel More to Thomas Weston and then to agents John Carver and Robert Cushman, who assigned them to senior Mayflower Pilgrims to be classed as indentured servants. This was all due to scandal involving the children’s mother and her husband Samuel’s effort to dispose of the children by sending them away to Virginia as indentured servants. Long ago, Richard More and his siblings were even thought to have even been parentless London street waifs, but in 1959 a 1622 document revealed their being the product of an adulterous relationship as the reason why the children were sent abroad on the Mayflower.[1]

Mayflower plaque in St. James Church in Shipton, Shropshire commemorating the More children baptism. courtesy of Phil Revell

Passengers of the Leiden, Holland Congregation

Provincetown memorial to Pilgrims who died in Cape Cod Harbor.

Persons with an asterisk after their name are known to have died in the winter of 1620-1621

Servants of the Leiden Congregation

  • Butten, William*, age: "a youth", servant of Samuel Fuller, died during the voyage
  • --?--, Dorothy, teenager, maidservant of John Carver.
  • Hooke, John*, (probably Norwich, Norfolk) age 13, apprenticed to Isaac Allerton, died during the first winter
  • Howland, John (probably Fenstanton, Huntingdonshire), age about 21, manservant for Governor John Carver
  • Minter, Desire, a servant of John Carver who parents died in Leiden.[7]
  • More, Ellen (Elinor)*, Shipton, Shropshire), Elinor (Ellen) More, age 8, assigned as a servant of Edward Winslow. She died in November 1620 soon after the arrival of the Mayflower at Cape Cod Harbor.[8]
  • More, Jasper*, (Shipton, Shropshire), brother, age 7, indentured to John Carver. He died onboard Mayflower in Cape Cod Harbor December 6, 1620. He was buried ashore in the Provincetown area.[8]
  • More, Richard, (Shipton, Shropshire), brother, age 6, indentured to William Brewster. Richard More is buried in what was known as the Charter Street Burial Ground but is now the Burying Point/Charter Street Cemetery in Salem, Massachusetts. He is the only Mayflower passenger to have his gravestone still where it was originally placed sometime in the mid-1690s. Also buried nearby in the same cemetery were his two wives, Christian Hunter More and Jane (Crumpton) More."[8] [9]
  • More, Mary*, (Shipton, Shropshire), sister, age 6, assigned as a servant of William Brewster. She died sometime in the winter of 1620/1621. Her burial place is unknown, but may been on Cole's Hill in Plymouth in an unmarked grave as with so many others buried there that winter. As with her sister Ellen, she is recognized on the Pilgrim Memorial Tomb in Plymouth, misidentified after her sister's name as "and a brother (children)" - the statement of calling her "a brother" mistakenly coming from William Bradford's failing memory years after the event of her death.[8]
  • Soule, George, 21-25, servant or employee of Edward Winslow
  • Story, Elias*, age under 21, in the care of Edward Winslow
  • Thompson/Thomson, Edward*, age under 21, in the care of the William White family, first passenger to die after the Mayflower reached Cape Cod.
  • Wilder, Roger*, age under 21, servant in the John Carver family
  • Williams, Thomas*, (Great Yarmouth, Norfolk)

In all, there were 102 passengers on the Mayflower - 74 males and 28 females.

Passengers recruited by Thomas Weston, of London Merchant Adventurers

Servants of Merchant Adventurers passengers

  • Carter, Robert*, teenager, servant or apprentice to William Mullins, shoemaker
  • Doty, Edward, (possibly Lincolnshire) age probably about 21, servant to Stephen Hopkins
  • Holbeck, William*, age likely under 21, servant to William White
  • Langmore, John* (probably Shropshire or Worcestershire), age under 21, servant to the Christopher Martin
  • Leister, Edward also spelled Leitster. (Kensington), aged over 21, servant to Stephen Hopkins [12]

Mayflower officers and crew

According to author Charles Edward Banks, the Mayflower had fourteen officers consisting of the captain, four mates, four quartermasters, surgeon, carpenter, cooper, cooks, boatswains, gunners and about thirty-six men before the mast, making a total of fifty. Other authors in more recent times estimate a crew of about thirty. The entire crew stayed with the Mayflower in Plymouth through the winter of 1620-1621. During that time, about half of the crew died. The crewmen that survived returned on the Mayflower which sailed for London on April 5 1621.[13][14][15][16][17]

Men hired to stay one year

  • John Alden - He was a 21 year-old from Harwich, Essex as was Capt. Jones. He was both a crewman and ships cooper with the very important task of maintaining the ships barrels. In these were stored the only source of Mayflower food and drink while at sea, and tending them required a crew members attention. He was given the choice of remaining in the colony or returning to England. He decided to remain.[18][19]
  • John Allerton* - A Mayflower seaman hired as colony labor for one year. He was then to return to Leiden to assist church members with travel to America. He died sometime before the Mayflower departed for England on April 5, 1621.[20]
  • ____ Ely - A Mayflower seaman contracted to stay for one year. He returned to England on the Fortune in December 1621 along with William Trevor. Dr. Jeremy Bangs believes his name was either John or Christopher Ely, or Ellis, who are documented in Leiden records.[21][22]
  • Thomas English* - A Mayflower seaman hired to be master of the ship’s shallop. He died sometime before the departure of the Mayflower for England on April 5, 1621.[23][24]
  • William Trevore - A Mayflower seaman with prior New World experience hired to work in the colony for one year. He returned to England on the Fortune in December 1621 along with Ely and others. By 1650 he had returned to New England.[25][26][27]

Animals

At least two dogs are known to have participated in the settling of Plymouth. In Mourt's Relation Edward Winslow writes that a female mastiff and a small springer spaniel came ashore on the first explorations of what is now Provincetown. There may have been other animals on the Mayflower, but only these two dogs had been mentioned.[28]

See also

References

  1. ^ Donald F. Harris, PhD. The Mayflower Descendant (July 1993) vol. 43 p. 123-4 and (January and July 1994 vol. 44 p. 110-113
  2. ^ Locations of birth for Mayflower passengers follow Caleb Johnson's list as found at Mayflower History.com. Retrieved August 29, 2006.
  3. ^ a b Division of passengers by category generally follows Appendix I of Saints and Strangers by George F. Willison with the following exceptions, as per The Plymouth Colony Archive Project, Passengers on the Mayflower: Ages & Occupations, Origins & Connections [1], 2000, Patricia Scott Deetz and James F. Deetz: The families of James Chilton and Edward Fuller, brother of "saint" Samuel Fuller as well as Thomas Williams, are now known to have been living at Leiden and cannot fit the category of recruited by London merchants and have been listed with the Pilgrims. Significant scholarship has produced many new documents since Willison's 1945 publication.
  4. ^ a b Humility Cooper and Henry Sampson were both children who joined their uncle and aunt Edward and Ann Tilley for the voyage. Willison lists them as "strangers" because they were not members of the church at Leiden; however, as children they would have been under their aunt and uncle who were members of that group.
  5. ^ A genealogical profile of Edward Fuller
  6. ^ Pilgrim Village Family Sketch Edward Fuller New England Genealogical Historic Society
  7. ^ A genealogical profile of John Carver (a collaboration of Plimoth Plantation and New England Historic Genealogical Society accessed 2013-04-21)
  8. ^ a b c d David Lindsay, PhD. Mayflower Bastard: A Stranger amongst the Pilgrims (St. Martins Press, New York, 2002) p. 27
  9. ^ Memorial for The More children [2]
  10. ^ a b c d Ruth Wilder Sherman, CG, FASG, and Robert Moody Sherman, CG, FASG, Mayflower Families Through Five Generations, Family of William White, Vol. 13 3rd edition (Pub. by General Society of Mayflower Descendants 2006) pg. 3.
  11. ^ Nathaniel Philbrick. Mayflower: A story of Courage, Community and War (Viking 2006) p. 104
  12. ^ William Bradford. History of Plymouth Plantation by William Bradford, the second Governor of Plymouth (Boston. 1856 Not in copyright) p. 455
  13. ^ Charles Edward Banks, The English Ancestry and Homes of the Pilgrim Fathers: who came to Plymouth on the Mayflower in 1620, the Fortune in 1621, and the Anne and the Little James in 1623 (Baltimore, MD.:Genealogical Publishing Co., 2006) pp 18-19
  14. ^ Caleb H. Johnson, The Mayflower and her passengers (Indiana:Xlibris Corp., Caleb Johnson, 2006) p. 33
  15. ^ Eugene Aubrey Stratton, Plymouth Colony: Its History and People, 1620-1691 (Salt Lake City:Ancestry Publishing 1986) p. 21
  16. ^ Nick Bunker, Making Haste from Babylon: The Mayflower Pilgrims and their New World a History (New York: Knopf 2010), p. 31
  17. ^ Nathaniel Philbrick, Mayflower: A Story of Courage, Community and War, (Penguin Books 2006) p. 25
  18. ^ Caleb H. Johnson, The Mayflower and her passengers (Indiana:Xlibris Corp., Caleb Johnson, 2006) pp. 34, 36
  19. ^ Charles Edward Banks, The English Ancestry and Homes of the Pilgrim Fathers: who came to Plymouth on the Mayflower in 1620, the Fortune in 1621, and the Anne and the Little James in 1623 (Baltimore, MD.:Genealogical Publishing Co., 2006) pp. 7, 19, 27-28
  20. ^ Eugene Aubrey Stratton, Plymouth Colony: Its History and People, 1620-1691 (Salt Lake City:Ancestry Publishing 1986) pp. 21, 234
  21. ^ Eugene Aubrey Stratton, Plymouth Colony: Its History and People, 1620-1691 (Salt Lake City:Ancestry Publishing 1986) pp. 21, 289
  22. ^ Caleb H. Johnson, The Mayflower and her passengers (Indiana:Xlibris Corp., Caleb Johnson, 2006) pp. 71, 72, 141
  23. ^ Eugene Aubrey Stratton, Plymouth Colony: Its History and People, 1620-1691 (Salt Lake City:Ancestry Publishing 1986) p. 289
  24. ^ Caleb H. Johnson, The Mayflower and her passengers (Indiana:Xlibris Corp., Caleb Johnson, 2006) p. 141
  25. ^ Caleb H. Johnson, The Mayflower and her passengers (Indiana:Xlibris Corp., Caleb Johnson, 2006) pp. 240-242
  26. ^ Eugene Aubrey Stratton, Plymouth Colony: Its History and People, 1620-1691 (Salt Lake City:Ancestry Publishing 1986) pp. 22, 364
  27. ^ Charles Edward Banks, The English Ancestry and Homes of the Pilgrim Fathers: who came to Plymouth on the Mayflower in 1620, the Fortune in 1621, and the Anne and the Little James in 1623 (Baltimore, MD.:Genealogical Publishing Co., 2006) p. 90
  28. ^ Famous Pets History [3]

General Source

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