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[[Algorithms + Data Structures = Programs|algorithms and DOM-data-structures]]; and influenced the architecture of other [[Comparison of JavaScript frameworks|Javascript frameworks]] like [[YUI Library|YUI v3]] and [[Dojo Toolkit|Dojo]].
[[Algorithms + Data Structures = Programs|algorithms and DOM-data-structures]]; and influenced the architecture of other [[Comparison of JavaScript frameworks|Javascript frameworks]] like [[YUI Library|YUI v3]] and [[Dojo Toolkit|Dojo]].


[[Microsoft]] and [[Nokia]] bundle jQuery on their platforms.<ref name="2008-09-28">{{cite web |url=http://jquery.com/blog/2008/09/28/jquery-microsoft-nokia/ |title=jQuery, Microsoft, and Nokia |date=2008-09-28 |last=Resig |first=John |publisher=jQuery |work=jQuery Blog |accessdate=2009-01-29 }}</ref> Microsoft include it with [[Visual Studio]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://weblogs.asp.net/scottgu/archive/2008/09/28/jquery-and-microsoft.aspx |title=jQuery and Microsoft |last=Guthrie |first=Scott |work=ScottGu's Blog |date=2008-09-28 |accessdate=2009-01-29 }}</ref> for use within Microsoft's [[ASP.NET AJAX]] framework and [[ASP.NET MVC Framework]] while Nokia has integrated it into their Web Run-Time widget development platform.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://wiki.forum.nokia.com/index.php/Guarana_UI:_a_jQuery-Based_UI_Library_for_Nokia_WRT |title=Guarana UI: A jQuery Based UI Library for Nokia WRT |accessdate=2010-03-30 |work=Forum Nokia}}</ref> jQuery has also been used in [[MediaWiki]] since version 1.16.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/JQuery |title=jQuery |publisher=MediaWiki |date=January 19, 2012 |accessdate=March 11, 2012}}</ref>
[[Microsoft]] and [[Nokia]] bundle jQuery on their platforms.<ref name="2008-09-28">{{cite web |url=http://jquery.com/blog/2008/09/28/jquery-microsoft-nokia/ |title=jQuery, Microsoft, and Nokia |date=2008-09-28 |last=Resig |first=John |publisher=jQuery |work=jQuery Blog |accessdate=2009-01-29 }}</ref> Microsoft includes it with [[Visual Studio]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://weblogs.asp.net/scottgu/archive/2008/09/28/jquery-and-microsoft.aspx |title=jQuery and Microsoft |last=Guthrie |first=Scott |work=ScottGu's Blog |date=2008-09-28 |accessdate=2009-01-29 }}</ref> for use within Microsoft's [[ASP.NET AJAX]] framework and [[ASP.NET MVC Framework]] while Nokia has integrated it into their Web Run-Time widget development platform.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://wiki.forum.nokia.com/index.php/Guarana_UI:_a_jQuery-Based_UI_Library_for_Nokia_WRT |title=Guarana UI: A jQuery Based UI Library for Nokia WRT |accessdate=2010-03-30 |work=Forum Nokia}}</ref> jQuery has also been used in [[MediaWiki]] since version 1.16.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/JQuery |title=jQuery |publisher=MediaWiki |date=January 19, 2012 |accessdate=March 11, 2012}}</ref>


==Features==
==Features==

Revision as of 09:16, 9 November 2013

Not to be confused with Jake Weary.
jQuery
Original author(s)John Resig
Developer(s)jQuery Team
Initial releaseAugust 26, 2006 (2006-08-26)
Stable release
1.10.2 (July 3, 2013 (2013-07-03))
2.0.3 (July 3, 2013 (2013-07-03))
Repository
Written inJavaScript
PlatformSee Browser support
Size
ver gzip prod dev
1.x 31 90.9 266
2.x 27.7 81.6 236
(KB)
TypeJavaScript library
LicenseMIT[1]
Websitejquery.com

jQuery is a multi-browser (cf. cross-browser) JavaScript library designed to simplify the client-side scripting of HTML.[2] It was released in January 2006 at BarCamp NYC by John Resig. It is currently developed by a team of developers led by Dave Methvin. Used by over 65% of the 10,000 most visited websites, jQuery is the most popular JavaScript library in use today.[3][4]

jQuery is free, open source software, licensed under the MIT License.[5] jQuery's syntax is designed to make it easier to navigate a document, select DOM elements, create animations, handle events, and develop Ajax applications. jQuery also provides capabilities for developers to create plug-ins on top of the JavaScript library. This enables developers to create abstractions for low-level interaction and animation, advanced effects and high-level, theme-able widgets. The modular approach to the jQuery library allows the creation of powerful dynamic web pages and web applications.

The set of jQuery core features — DOM element selections, traversal and manipulation — enabled by its selector engine (named "Sizzle" from v1.3), created a new "programming style", fusing algorithms and DOM-data-structures; and influenced the architecture of other Javascript frameworks like YUI v3 and Dojo.

Microsoft and Nokia bundle jQuery on their platforms.[6] Microsoft includes it with Visual Studio[7] for use within Microsoft's ASP.NET AJAX framework and ASP.NET MVC Framework while Nokia has integrated it into their Web Run-Time widget development platform.[8] jQuery has also been used in MediaWiki since version 1.16.[9]

Features

jQuery includes the following features:

  • DOM element selections using the multi-browser open source selector engine Sizzle, a spin-off of the jQuery project[10]
  • DOM traversal and modification (including support for CSS 1–3)
  • DOM manipulation based on CSS selectors that uses node elements name and node elements attributes (id and class) as criteria to build selectors
  • Events
  • Effects and animations
  • AJAX
  • Extensibility through plug-ins
  • Utilities - such as user agent information, feature detection
  • Compatibility methods that are natively available in modern browsers but need fall backs for older ones - For example the inArray() and each() functions.
  • Multi-browser (not to be confused with cross-browser) support.

Browser support

Both version 1.x and 2.x of jQuery support "current-1 versions" (meaning the current stable version of the browser and the version that preceded it) of Firefox, Google Chrome, Safari, and Opera. The version 1.x also supports Internet Explorer 6 or higher. However, jQuery version 2.x dropped Internet Explorer 6–8 support (which represents less than 10% of all browsers in use) and can run only with IE 9 or higher. [11]

Including the library

The jQuery library is a single JavaScript file, containing all of its common DOM, event, effects, and Ajax functions. It can be included within a web page by linking to a local copy, or to one of the many copies available from public servers. jQuery has a CDN sponsored by Media Temple[12] (previously at Amazon[13]). Google [14] and Microsoft[15] host it as well. 

<script type="text/javascript" src="jquery.js"></script>

It is also possible to include jQuery directly from content delivery networks. 

<script src="http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.10.2/jquery.min.js"></script>

Usage styles

jQuery has two usage styles:

  • Via the $ function, which is a factory method for the jQuery object. These functions, often called commands, are chainable as they all return jQuery objects.
  • Via $.-prefixed functions. These are utility functions, which do not act upon the jQuery object directly.

Typically, access to and manipulation of multiple DOM nodes begins with the $ function being called with a CSS selector string, which results in a jQuery object referencing matching elements in the HTML page. This node set can be manipulated by calling instance methods on the jQuery object, or on the nodes themselves. For example: 

$("div.test").add("p.quote").addClass("blue").slideDown("slow");

This line finds the union of all div tags with class attribute test and all p tags with CSS class attribute quote, adds the class attribute blue to each matched element, and then increases their height with an animation. The $ and add functions affect the matched set, while the addClass and slideDown affect the referenced nodes.

Besides accessing DOM nodes through jQuery object hierarchy, it is also possible to create new DOM elements if a string passed as the argument to $() looks like HTML. For example, this line finds an HTML SELECT element with ID="carmakes", and adds an OPTION element with value "VAG" and text "Volkswagen": 

$('select#carmakes').append($('<option />').attr({value:"VAG"}).append("Volkswagen"));

The methods prefixed with $. are convenience methods or affect global properties and behaviour. For example, the following is an example of the iterating function called each in jQuery: 

$.each([1,2,3], function() {
  document.write(this + 1);
});

This writes "234" to the document.

It is possible to perform browser-independent Ajax queries using $.ajax and associated methods to load and manipulate remote data. 

$.ajax({
  type: "POST",
  url: "example.php",
  data: "name=John&location=Boston"
}).done( function(msg) {
  alert( "Data Saved: " + msg );
}).fail( function( xmlHttpRequest, statusText, errorThrown ) {
  alert(
    "Your form submission failed.\n\n"
      + "XML Http Request: " + JSON.stringify( xmlHttpRequest )
      + ",\nStatus Text: " + statusText
      + ",\nError Thrown: " + errorThrown );
});

This example posts the data name=John and location=Boston to example.php on the server. When this request finishes successfully, the success function is called to alert the user. If the request fails, it will alert the user to the failure, the status of the request, and the specific error.

jQuery plug-ins

jQuery's architecture allows developers to create plug-in code to extend its functionality. Currently there are thousands of jQuery plug-ins available on the web[16] that cover a wide range of functionality such as Ajax helpers, web services, datagrids, dynamic lists, XML and XSLT tools, drag and drop, events, cookie handling, modal windows, and even a jQuery-based Commodore 64 emulator.[17]

An important source of jQuery plug-ins is the plugins subdomain of the jQuery Project website.[16] However, in an effort to rid the site of spam, the plugins in this subdomain were accidentally deleted in December 2011.[18] The new site will include a GitHub-hosted repository, which will require developers to resubmit their plugins and to conform to new submission requirements.[19] There are alternative plug-in search engines[20][21] like jquer.in that take more specialized approaches, such as listing only plug-ins that meet certain criteria (e.g. those that have a public code repository). The tutorials page on the jQuery site has a list of links to jQuery plug-in tutorials under the "Plugin development" section.[22]

Release history

Version number Release date Latest update Additional notes
1.0 August 26, 2006 (2006-08-26) First stable release
1.1 January 14, 2007 (2007-01-14)
1.2 September 10, 2007 (2007-09-10)
1.3 January 14, 2009 (2009-01-14) Sizzle Selector Engine introduced into core
1.4 January 14, 2010 (2010-01-14)
1.5 January 31, 2011 (2011-01-31) Deferred callback management, ajax module rewrite
1.6 May 3, 2011 (2011-05-03) Significant performance improvements to the attr() and val() functions
1.7 November 3, 2011 (2011-11-03) New Event APIs: .on() and .off(), while the old APIs are still supported.
1.8.0 August 9, 2012 (2012-08-09) Sizzle Selector Engine rewritten, improved animations and $(html, props) flexibility.
1.9.0 January 15, 2013 (2013-01-15) 1.9.1 (February 4, 2013 (2013-02-04))[23] Removal of deprecated interfaces and code cleanup
1.10.0 May 24, 2013 (2013-05-24) 1.10.2 (July 3, 2013 (2013-07-03)) Incorporated bug fixes and differences reported from both the 1.9 and 2.0 beta cycles
2.0.0 April 18, 2013 (2013-04-18) 2.0.3 (July 3, 2013 (2013-07-03)) Dropped IE 6–8 support for performance improvements and reduction in filesize

Testing framework

QUnit is a test automation framework used to test the jQuery project. The jQuery team developed it as an in-house unit testing library.[24] The jQuery team uses it to test its code and plugins but it can test any generic JavaScript code, including server-side JavaScript code.[25]

As of 2011, the jQuery Testing Team uses QUnit with TestSwarm to test each jQuery codebase release.[26]

See also

References

  1. ^ "License - jQuery Project". jQuery Foundation. Retrieved 5 January 2013.
  2. ^ "jQuery: The write less, do more, JavaScript library". The jQuery Project. Retrieved 29 April 2010.
  3. ^ "jQuery Usage Statistics". Retrieved 2013-05-17.
  4. ^ "Usage of JavaScript libraries for websites". W3Techs. Retrieved 2010-07-08.
  5. ^ "License – JQuery JavaScript Library". Retrieved 2009-11-26.
  6. ^ Resig, John (2008-09-28). "jQuery, Microsoft, and Nokia". jQuery Blog. jQuery. Retrieved 2009-01-29.
  7. ^ Guthrie, Scott (2008-09-28). "jQuery and Microsoft". ScottGu's Blog. Retrieved 2009-01-29.
  8. ^ "Guarana UI: A jQuery Based UI Library for Nokia WRT". Forum Nokia. Retrieved 2010-03-30.
  9. ^ "jQuery". MediaWiki. January 19, 2012. Retrieved March 11, 2012.
  10. ^ Resig, John (2009-01-14). "jQuery 1.3 and the jQuery Foundation". jQuery Blog. Retrieved 2009-05-04.
  11. ^ Browser Support | jQuery
  12. ^ "jQuery CDN - provided by (mt) Media Temple" – http://code.jquery.com/
  13. ^ "CloudFront CDN for jQuery", November 19th, 2008 by John Resig, blog.jquery.com
  14. ^ "Google Libraries API - Developer's Guide". code.google.com. Retrieved March 11, 2012.
  15. ^ "Microsoft Ajax Content Delivery Network". ASP.net. Microsoft Corporation. Retrieved June 19, 2012.
  16. ^ a b "Plugins". The jQuery Project. Retrieved 26 August 2010.
  17. ^ "JavaScript Commodore Emulator". Kingsquare. Retrieved 26 August 2010.
  18. ^ http://blog.jquery.com/2011/12/08/what-is-happening-to-the-jquery-plugins-site/#pluginstldr
  19. ^ https://github.com/jquery/plugins.jquery.com
  20. ^ "jQuery Plugins Search". Retrieved 13 September 2012.
  21. ^ Kanakiya, Jay. "jquery plugins".
  22. ^ "Tutorials". The jQuery Project. Retrieved 26 August 2010.
  23. ^ http://blog.jquery.com/2013/02/04/jquery-1-9-1-released
  24. ^ Qunit section of jQuery website, 2011 http://docs.jquery.com/Qunit
  25. ^ Qunit section of jQuery website, 2012 http://docs.jquery.com/QUnit
  26. ^ jQuery Testing Team Wiki http://jquerytesting.pbworks.com/enwiki/w/page/41556026/FrontPage

Further reading

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