USAT Liberty: Difference between revisions
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|Ship fate=torpedoed by {{ship|Japanese submarine|I-166||2}}, 11 January 1942 |
|Ship fate=torpedoed by {{ship|Japanese submarine|I-166||2}}, 11 January 1942, and beached |
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|Ship complement=70 |
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|Ship armament=1 × 6" gun, 1 × 3" gun |
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'''USAT ''Liberty''''' was a [[United States Army]] [[ |
'''USAT ''Liberty''''' was a [[United States Army]] [[cargo ship]] torpedoed by {{ship|Japanese submarine|I-166||2|up=on}} in January 1942 and beached on the island of [[Bali]]. She had been built as a [[Design 1037 ship]] for the [[United States Shipping Board]] in [[World War I]] and had served in the [[United States Navy]] in that war as animal transport '''USS ''Liberty'' (ID-3461)'''. She was also notable as the first ship constructed at [[Federal Shipbuilding]], [[Kearny, New Jersey]]. In 1963 a volcanic eruption moved the ship off the beach, and ''Liberty''{{'}}s wreck is now a popular [[Scuba diving|dive]] site. |
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==World War I== |
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''Liberty'' was launched on 19 June 1918 by the [[Federal Shipbuilding Company]] in [[Kearny, New Jersey]], and acquired by the [[United States Navy]] on 7 October 1918 and commissioned the same day with Lieutenant Commander Charles Longbottom in command. Assigned to the [[Naval Overseas Transportation Service]], ''Liberty'' departed the [[New York Navy Yard]] on 24 October 1918, arriving at [[Brest, France]], with her cargo of [[horse]]s on 8 November. Over the next 6 months, ''Liberty'' made two additional cruises from New York to France discharging both animal and general cargo at French ports. Loaded with 436 tons of [[U.S. Army]] cargo and 2,072 tons of steel rails, ''Liberty'' arrived at [[Newport News, Virginia]], on 30 April 1919 from her final cruise. She was decommissioned there on 7 May and was returned to the [[United States Shipping Board]] the same day. |
''Liberty'' was launched on 19 June 1918 by the [[Federal Shipbuilding Company]] in [[Kearny, New Jersey]], and acquired by the [[United States Navy]] on 7 October 1918 and commissioned the same day with Lieutenant Commander Charles Longbottom in command. Assigned to the [[Naval Overseas Transportation Service]], ''Liberty'' departed the [[New York Navy Yard]] on 24 October 1918, arriving at [[Brest, France]], with her cargo of [[horse]]s on 8 November. Over the next 6 months, ''Liberty'' made two additional cruises from New York to France discharging both animal and general cargo at French ports. Loaded with 436 tons of [[U.S. Army]] cargo and 2,072 tons of steel rails, ''Liberty'' arrived at [[Newport News, Virginia]], on 30 April 1919 from her final cruise. She was decommissioned there on 7 May and was returned to the [[United States Shipping Board]] the same day. |
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On 23 November 1933, ''Liberty'' collided with {{SS|Ohioan|1914|2}} in the [[Ambrose Channel]]. ''Ohioan'' was consequently beached near the [[West Bank Light]].<ref name=Times241133>{{Cite newspaper The Times |articlename=Two American steamers in collision |day_of_week=Friday |date=24 November 1933 |page_number=25 |issue=46610 |column=D }}</ref> |
On 23 November 1933, ''Liberty'' collided with {{SS|Ohioan|1914|2}} in the [[Ambrose Channel]]. ''Ohioan'' was consequently beached near the [[West Bank Light]].<ref name=Times241133>{{Cite newspaper The Times |articlename=Two American steamers in collision |day_of_week=Friday |date=24 November 1933 |page_number=25 |issue=46610 |column=D }}</ref> |
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==World War II== |
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By 1939, ''Liberty''—although owned by the [[United States Maritime Commission]] (a successor to the USSB)—was employed by the [[Southgate-Nelson Corporation]] of [[Norfolk, Virginia]]. Southgate-Nelson was the operator of several [[packet lines]], including the [[American Hampton Roads Line]], the [[Yankee Line]], and the [[Oriole Lines]], but [[secondary source]]s do not indicate for which of these services ''Liberty'' sailed.<ref>Jordan, p. 418.</ref> In November 1940, ''Liberty'' was one of ten ships taken up by the [[United States Army]] for defense service.<ref name=LAT-SN194011>{{cite news | |
By 1939, ''Liberty''—although owned by the [[United States Maritime Commission]] (a successor to the USSB)—was employed by the [[Southgate-Nelson Corporation]] of [[Norfolk, Virginia]]. Southgate-Nelson was the operator of several [[packet lines]], including the [[American Hampton Roads Line]], the [[Yankee Line]], and the [[Oriole Lines]], but [[secondary source]]s do not indicate for which of these services ''Liberty'' sailed.<ref>Jordan, p. 418.</ref> In November 1940, ''Liberty'' was one of ten ships taken up by the [[United States Army]] for defense service.<ref name=LAT-SN194011>{{cite news |last=Cave |first=Wayne B. |title=Shipping news and activities at Los Angeles Harbor |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=7 November 1940 |page=A12}}</ref><ref group=Note>The other nine ships taken up by the [[United States Army]] were {{USAT|Chirikof||2}}, {{USAT|Etolin||2}}, {{USAT|West Corum||2}}, {{SS|Waukegan||2}}, {{USAT|Edenton||2}}, {{SS|West Segovia||2}}, {{USAT|America||2}}, {{SS|President Roosevelt|1922|2}}, and {{SS|President Jefferson|1921|2}}. (see ref #4)</ref> |
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[[File:USAT Liberty Wreck Dive.jpg|thumb|left| |
[[File:USAT Liberty Wreck Dive.jpg|thumb|left|[[Scuba diving]] along the USAT ''Liberty'' wreck in [[Tulamben]] [[Bali]], Indonesia]] |
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At the time of the United States' entry into World War II in December 1941, USAT ''Liberty'' was in the Pacific. In January 1942, she was en route from [[Australia]] to the [[Philippines]] with a cargo of railway parts and rubber. On 11 January, ''Liberty'' was torpedoed by {{ship|Japanese submarine|I-166||2|up=on}} about {{convert|10|nmi|km}} southwest of the [[Lombok Strait]], near position {{coord|08|54|S|115|28|E}}. US [[destroyer]] {{USS|Paul Jones|DD-230|2}} and [[Netherlands|Dutch]] destroyer {{HNLMS|Van Ghent|1926|2}} took the damaged ship in tow attempting to reach [[Singaraja]], the Dutch port and administrative centre for the [[Lesser Sunda Islands]], on the north coast of [[Bali]]. However she was taking too much water and so was beached on the eastern shore of Bali at [[Tulamben]] so that the cargo and fittings could be salvaged. |
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In 1963 the tremors associated with the eruption of [[Mount Agung]] caused the vessel to slip off the beach, and she now lies on a sand slope in {{convert|30|to|100|ft |
In 1963 the tremors associated with the eruption of [[Mount Agung]] caused the vessel to slip off the beach, and she now lies on a sand slope in {{convert|30|to|100|ft}} of water, providing one of the most popular dive sites off Bali. |
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The wreck of USAT ''Liberty'' is often misidentified as {{USAT|Liberty Glo}}<ref group=Note>{{SS|Liberty Glo}} was a [[Hog Islander]] built at the end of [[World War I]], but survived World War II to be scrapped in [[Baltimore, Maryland]], in November 1950.</ref> or identified by the misnomer, USS ''Liberty''. The wreck is sometimes incorrectly referred to as a [[Liberty ship]], through confusion of the ship's name with the class of World War II-built standard design cargo ships. |
The wreck of USAT ''Liberty'' is often misidentified as {{USAT|Liberty Glo}}<ref group=Note>{{SS|Liberty Glo}} was a [[Hog Islander]] built at the end of [[World War I]], but survived World War II to be scrapped in [[Baltimore, Maryland]], in November 1950.</ref> or identified by the misnomer, USS ''Liberty''. The wreck is sometimes incorrectly referred to as a [[Liberty ship]], through confusion of the ship's name with the class of World War II-built standard design cargo ships. |
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==Notes== |
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{{Reflist|group=Note}} |
{{Reflist|group=Note}} |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{Reflist}} |
{{Reflist}} |
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==Bibliography== |
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*[http://www.divingatbalishangrila.com/diving-bali.htm Diving at the USAT liberty] |
*[http://www.divingatbalishangrila.com/diving-bali.htm Diving at the USAT liberty] |
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* {{cite book | |
* {{cite book |last=Jordan |first=Roger W. |title=The World's Merchant Fleets, 1939: The Particulars And Wartime Fates of 6,000 Ships |publisher=Chatham |location=London |year=1999 |page=383 |isbn=1-86176-023-X}} |
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* {{DANFS|http://www.history.navy.mil/danfs/l6/liberty-ii.htm}} |
* {{DANFS|http://www.history.navy.mil/danfs/l6/liberty-ii.htm}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Liberty (ID-3461)}} |
{{DEFAULTSORT:Liberty (ID-3461)}} |
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[[Category:Design 1037 ships of the United States Navy]] |
[[Category:Design 1037 ships of the United States Navy]] |
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[[Category:Ships built in New Jersey]] |
[[Category:Ships built in New Jersey]] |
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[[Category:Ships sunk by Japanese submarines]] |
[[Category:Ships sunk by Japanese submarines]] |
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[[Category:World War II shipwrecks in the Indian Ocean]] |
[[Category:World War II shipwrecks in the Indian Ocean]] |
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[[Category:Wreck diving sites]] |
[[Category:Wreck diving sites]] |
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Revision as of 10:49, 27 December 2013
 USS Liberty (ID # 3461) Fitting out at the yard of her builder, the Federal Shipbuilding Co., Kearny, New Jersey, circa September 1918. This freighter was in commission from October 1918 to May 1919.
| |
| History | |
|---|---|
 USA | |
| Name | USS Liberty |
| Builder | list error: <br /> list (help) Federal Shipbuilding Kearny, New Jersey |
| Yard number | 1 |
| Launched | 19 June 1918 |
| Commissioned | 7 October 1918 |
| Decommissioned | 7 May 1919 |
| Fate | torpedoed by I-166, 11 January 1942, and beached |
| General characteristics | |
| Displacement | 13,130 tons |
| Length | 411 ft 6 in (125.43 m) |
| Beam | 55 ft (17 m) |
| Draft | 26 ft 6 in (8.08 m) |
| Speed | 11 knots (20 km/h) |
| Complement | 70 |
| Armament | 1 × 6" gun, 1 × 3" gun |
USAT Liberty was a United States Army cargo ship torpedoed by I-166 in January 1942 and beached on the island of Bali. She had been built as a Design 1037 ship for the United States Shipping Board in World War I and had served in the United States Navy in that war as animal transport USS Liberty (ID-3461). She was also notable as the first ship constructed at Federal Shipbuilding, Kearny, New Jersey. In 1963 a volcanic eruption moved the ship off the beach, and Liberty's wreck is now a popular dive site.
World War I
Liberty was launched on 19 June 1918 by the Federal Shipbuilding Company in Kearny, New Jersey, and acquired by the United States Navy on 7 October 1918 and commissioned the same day with Lieutenant Commander Charles Longbottom in command. Assigned to the Naval Overseas Transportation Service, Liberty departed the New York Navy Yard on 24 October 1918, arriving at Brest, France, with her cargo of horses on 8 November. Over the next 6 months, Liberty made two additional cruises from New York to France discharging both animal and general cargo at French ports. Loaded with 436 tons of U.S. Army cargo and 2,072 tons of steel rails, Liberty arrived at Newport News, Virginia, on 30 April 1919 from her final cruise. She was decommissioned there on 7 May and was returned to the United States Shipping Board the same day.
Between the wars
On 23 November 1933, Liberty collided with Ohioan in the Ambrose Channel. Ohioan was consequently beached near the West Bank Light.[1]
World War II
By 1939, Liberty—although owned by the United States Maritime Commission (a successor to the USSB)—was employed by the Southgate-Nelson Corporation of Norfolk, Virginia. Southgate-Nelson was the operator of several packet lines, including the American Hampton Roads Line, the Yankee Line, and the Oriole Lines, but secondary sources do not indicate for which of these services Liberty sailed.[2] In November 1940, Liberty was one of ten ships taken up by the United States Army for defense service.[3][Note 1]
At the time of the United States' entry into World War II in December 1941, USAT Liberty was in the Pacific. In January 1942, she was en route from Australia to the Philippines with a cargo of railway parts and rubber. On 11 January, Liberty was torpedoed by I-166 about 10 nautical miles (19 km) southwest of the Lombok Strait, near position 08°54′S 115°28′E / 8.900°S 115.467°E. US destroyer Paul Jones and Dutch destroyer Van Ghent took the damaged ship in tow attempting to reach Singaraja, the Dutch port and administrative centre for the Lesser Sunda Islands, on the north coast of Bali. However she was taking too much water and so was beached on the eastern shore of Bali at Tulamben so that the cargo and fittings could be salvaged.
In 1963 the tremors associated with the eruption of Mount Agung caused the vessel to slip off the beach, and she now lies on a sand slope in 30 to 100 feet (9.1 to 30.5 m) of water, providing one of the most popular dive sites off Bali.
The wreck of USAT Liberty is often misidentified as USAT Liberty Glo[Note 2] or identified by the misnomer, USS Liberty. The wreck is sometimes incorrectly referred to as a Liberty ship, through confusion of the ship's name with the class of World War II-built standard design cargo ships.
Notes
- ^ The other nine ships taken up by the United States Army were Chirikof, Etolin, West Corum, Waukegan, Edenton, West Segovia, America, President Roosevelt, and President Jefferson. (see ref #4)
- ^ SS Liberty Glo was a Hog Islander built at the end of World War I, but survived World War II to be scrapped in Baltimore, Maryland, in November 1950.
References
- ^ "Two American steamers in collision". The Times. No. 46610. London. 24 November 1933. col D, p. 25. template uses deprecated parameter(s) (help)
- ^ Jordan, p. 418.
- ^ Cave, Wayne B. (7 November 1940). "Shipping news and activities at Los Angeles Harbor". Los Angeles Times. p. A12.
Bibliography
- Diving at the USAT liberty
- Jordan, Roger W. (1999). The World's Merchant Fleets, 1939: The Particulars And Wartime Fates of 6,000 Ships. London: Chatham. p. 383. ISBN 1-86176-023-X.
This article incorporates text from the public domain Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships. The entry can be found here.