Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase: Difference between revisions

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Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS), belonging to the nucleotidyltransferase family, is the cytosolic DNA sensor that activates the type-I interferon pathway. It binds to microbial DNA as well as self DNA that invades the cytoplasm, and catalyzes cGAMP synthesis.^[1] cGAMP then functions as a second messenger that binds to and activates the endoplasmic reticulum protein STING to trigger type-I IFNs production.^[2]^[3] Mouse lacking cGAS was more vulnerable to lethal infection by DNA viruses.In addition, cGAS has been shown to be an innate immune sensor of retroviruses including HIV.

References

^ Sun, L (2012 Dec 20). "Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase is a cytosolic DNA sensor that activates the type I interferon pathway". Science (New York, N.Y.). 339 (6121): 786–91. PMID 23258413. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
^ Wu, J (2012 Dec 20). "Cyclic GMP-AMP is an endogenous second messenger in innate immune signaling by cytosolic DNA". Science (New York, N.Y.). 339 (6121): 826–30. PMID 23258412. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
^ Zhang, X (2013 Jun 03). "Cyclic GMP-AMP Containing Mixed Phosphodiester Linkages Is An Endogenous High-Affinity Ligand for STING". Molecular Cell. 51 (2): 226–235. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)

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[1] Sun, L (2012 Dec 20). "Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase is a cytosolic DNA sensor that activates the type I interferon pathway". Science (New York, N.Y.). 339 (6121): 786–91. PMID 23258413. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)

[pmid23258412-2] Wu, J (2012 Dec 20). "Cyclic GMP-AMP is an endogenous second messenger in innate immune signaling by cytosolic DNA". Science (New York, N.Y.). 339 (6121): 826–30. PMID 23258412. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)

[Zhang-3] Zhang, X (2013 Jun 03). "Cyclic GMP-AMP Containing Mixed Phosphodiester Linkages Is An Endogenous High-Affinity Ligand for STING". Molecular Cell. 51 (2): 226–235. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)

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 [[File:cGAS-cGAMP-STING pathway.jpg|thumb|cGAS-cGAMP-STING pathway]]
-'''Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase''' (cGAS), belonging to the [[nucleotidyltransferase]] family, is the cytosolic DNA sensor that activates the type-I interferon pathway. It binds to microbial [[DNA]] as well as self DNA that invades the [[cytoplasm]], and catalyzes [[Cyclic guanosine monophosphate–adenosine monophosphate|cGAMP]] synthesis.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Sun|first=L|coauthors=Wu, J; Du, F; Chen, X; Chen, ZJ|title=Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase is a cytosolic DNA sensor that activates the type I interferon pathway.|journal=Science (New York, N.Y.)|date=2012 Dec 20|volume=339|issue=6121|pages=786–91|pmid=23258413}}</ref> [[Cyclic guanosine monophosphate–adenosine monophosphate|cGAMP]] then functions as a second messenger that binds to and activates the endoplasmic reticulum protein STING to trigger type-I IFNs production.<ref name="pmid23258412">{{cite journal|last=Wu|first=J|coauthors=Sun, L; Chen, X; Du, F; Shi, H; Chen, C; Chen, ZJ|title=Cyclic GMP-AMP is an endogenous second messenger in innate immune signaling by cytosolic DNA.|journal=Science (New York, N.Y.)|date=2012 Dec 20|volume=339|issue=6121|pages=826–30|pmid=23258412}}</ref><ref name=Zhang>{{cite journal|last=Zhang|first=X|coauthors=Shi, H; Wu, J; Zhang, X; Sun, L; Chen, C; Chen, ZJ|title=Cyclic GMP-AMP Containing Mixed Phosphodiester Linkages Is An Endogenous High-Affinity Ligand for STING|journal=Molecular Cell|date=2013 Jun 03|volume=51|issue=2|pages=226-235}}</ref> Mouse lacking cGAS was more vulnerable to lethal infection by DNA viruses.In addition, cGAS has been shown to be an innate immune sensor of retroviruses including HIV.
+'''Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase''' (cGAS), belonging to the [[nucleotidyltransferase]] family, is the cytosolic DNA sensor that activates the type-I [[interferon]] pathway. It binds to microbial [[DNA]] as well as self DNA that invades the [[cytoplasm]], and catalyzes [[Cyclic guanosine monophosphate–adenosine monophosphate|cGAMP]] synthesis.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Sun|first=L|coauthors=Wu, J; Du, F; Chen, X; Chen, ZJ|title=Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase is a cytosolic DNA sensor that activates the type I interferon pathway.|journal=Science (New York, N.Y.)|date=2012 Dec 20|volume=339|issue=6121|pages=786–91|pmid=23258413}}</ref> [[Cyclic guanosine monophosphate–adenosine monophosphate|cGAMP]] then functions as a second messenger that binds to and activates the [[endoplasmic reticulum]] protein STING to trigger type-I IFNs production.<ref name="pmid23258412">{{cite journal|last=Wu|first=J|coauthors=Sun, L; Chen, X; Du, F; Shi, H; Chen, C; Chen, ZJ|title=Cyclic GMP-AMP is an endogenous second messenger in innate immune signaling by cytosolic DNA.|journal=Science (New York, N.Y.)|date=2012 Dec 20|volume=339|issue=6121|pages=826–30|pmid=23258412}}</ref><ref name=Zhang>{{cite journal|last=Zhang|first=X|coauthors=Shi, H; Wu, J; Zhang, X; Sun, L; Chen, C; Chen, ZJ|title=Cyclic GMP-AMP Containing Mixed Phosphodiester Linkages Is An Endogenous High-Affinity Ligand for STING|journal=Molecular Cell|date=2013 Jun 03|volume=51|issue=2|pages=226-235}}</ref> Mouse lacking cGAS was more vulnerable to lethal infection by DNA viruses.In addition, cGAS has been shown to be an innate immune sensor of retroviruses including HIV.
 == References ==