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[[File:SchlägerOvBMuseumFriedrichsruh.jpg|thumb|150px|[[Otto von Bismarck|Bismarck]]'s student sword and helmet, comparable to those used by Altsachsen's members then and now.]]
[[File:SchlägerOvBMuseumFriedrichsruh.jpg|thumb|150px|[[Otto von Bismarck|Bismarck]]'s student sword and helmet, comparable to those used by Altsachsen's members then and now.]]
By 1868, the fraternity had adopted the tradition of academic fencing of ''"Mensur"'' challenges (back then "duels"<ref name="Klimczuk" />) with members of other proper fraternities <ref name="PG07"/> and changed its official name to ''Akademische Verbindung Polyhymnia'' (Academic Fraternity Polyhymnia). The motto "Litteris et amicitiae" (Science and Friendship) was adopted on June 25, 1880.<ref name="AS1911">Festschrift zur Feier des fünfzigjährigen Bestehens der freischlagenden Verbindung "Polyhymnia" an der Technischen Hochschule zu Dresden. Technische Hochschule Dresden, 1911.</ref>
By 1868, the fraternity had adopted the tradition of academic fencing of ''"Mensur"'' challenges (back then "duels"<ref name="Klimczuk" />) with members of other proper fraternities <ref name="PG07"/> and changed its official name to ''Akademische Verbindung Polyhymnia'' (Academic Fraternity Polyhymnia). The motto "Litteris et amicitiae" (Science and Friendship) was adopted on June 25, 1880.<ref name="AS1911">Festschrift zur Feier des fünfzigjährigen Bestehens der freischlagenden Verbindung "Polyhymnia" an der Technischen Hochschule zu Dresden. Technische Hochschule Dresden, 1911.</ref>
{{Further|Holistic education}}
{{Further|Holistic education|Trivium (education)}}


=== Influencing the development of the Technical Institute of Dresden ===
=== Influencing the development of the Technical Institute of Dresden ===

Revision as of 14:58, 22 January 2014

Corps Altsachsen Dresden
Corps Altsachsen's Coat of Arms.
Corps Altsachsen's Coat of Arms.
UniversityDresden University of Technology and other universities in
Dresden, Germany
FoundedOctober 31, 1861; 163 years ago (1861-10-31)
in Dresden, the capital of Saxony
TypeWSC, German Student Corps
SCSächsischer SC
MottoLitteris et amicitiae!
Colors
Full members



Pledge "Fuchs" members
Symbol 
"Zirkel" used as
  Post-Nominal.
EmphasisFencing, Rhetoric & Friendship.
PublicationAltsachsen-Mitteilungen
ScopeInternational.
AddressWeißbachstraße 1
01069 Dresden, Germany
Homepagewww.altsachsen.de

The Corps Altsachsen is a fraternity (Studentenverbindung) in Dresden, Germany, founded on October 31, 1861 and one of 161 German Student Corps in Europe today. The Corps is a member of the Weinheimer Senioren-Convent (WSC), the second oldest governing body of such traditional fraternity corporations, with roots dating back to the 15th century and member fraternities across Germany, Austria and Switzerland.[1][2][3]

Membership in the fraternity is open to honorable men[4] studying at one of Dresden's universities and based exclusively on personality, good moral standing, and strength of character.[5] Members of the Corps Altsachsen value and engage in the tradition of academic fencing[3][6] as a way to sharpen and prove their character under pressure. Continuing a practice dating back into the 1700s, Altsachsen's members wear the traditional couleur, colored stripes, in grey-green-gold. The fraternity teaches and expects tolerance from its members, stemming from diverse ethnic, national, religious and political backgrounds.[2][3][6]

Four of the TU Dresden's university Presidents ("Rektor") were fraternity members of the Corps.[7] Altsachsen always had a very strong connection with and commitment towards the university, resulting in an influential role during major developments over the course of history. Examples include steps taken towards developing the former Technical Institute into the Royal Saxon Technical College of Dresden in the late 1800s as well as the initiation of today's Studentenwerk Dresden in the early 1900s.[8][9] Furthermore, many examples of Dresden's architecture have either been designed or built by fraternity members.[7]

Fundamentals and principles

Like all German Student Corps, Altsachsen expects and practices tolerance from its members in political, scientific and religious affairs.[5][7] Members are encouraged to have their own point of view about the world and be able to argue it; but Altsachsen as entity always remains neutral. This neutrality is a fundamental pillar of all Corps and differentiates them from other fraternities who require a certain political or religious affinity. The fraternity encourages freshly admitted (pledging "fox") members with diverse ethnic, national, religious and political backgrounds to prove themselves as valuable Corps brothers, purely on the basis of personal character and merit, before becoming eligible to be fully incorporated (Rezeption).[5][10] The fraternity has about 200 members of all ages (including alumni) coming from or currently residing in Europe, Asia, the Americas and Africa. Every full member is member for life.[7]

Academic "Mensur" fencing in 1900. Steel goggles provide added protection nowadays.

Members of the Corps Altsachsen value and practice the tradition of engagements in academic fencing, or "Mensur" in German, with members of other old-school fraternities. Academic fencing, originating in the German school of fencing, is understood as a way to exercise good judgement and prove character,[4] allowing the corps member to show his determination by standing one's ground under pressure, while enhancing the bonds between the corps brothers at the same time.[1][10] Mark Twain described one of these fencing duels/challenges in his day and age, which interestingly, still reads incredibly current to this day.[6][10][11] Altsachsen's members identify themselves wearing the traditional couleur, colored stripes, as well as caps and/or other specific garments at official occasions. This tradition known as "wearing colors" (German: Farben tragen) provides means to recognize members of other fraternities and, likewise, identification for the corps brothers with each other and their traditions.[10]

Rhetoric evenings in the fraternity's old-school bar are similar in style to a knight academy lecture as depicted.

Altsachsen's members value the art of rhetoric. The tradition is kept alive by both, impromptu or "stand-up and talk" speeches ("Stegreifrede" in German) as well as elaborate platform presentations typical for professional environments in industry and academia. All members must present a significant number of such talks and are meticulously graded on their presentation skills. In order to become a full member, pledge members must pass a curriculum of predetermined talks in front of their peers and guests.[7]

Activity and responsibility are two fundamental expectations for fraternity members. With the goal to achieve members who are prepared to become active leaders in society, every Corps brother is expected to hold a leadership position at least once for a term ("Semester") while still a student. Members are further encouraged to organize internal and open fraternity events that draw attention from other fraternities and guests from industry, academia, politics and other likewise active societies.[1] Allocating the necessary resources appropriately and living up to set expectations teaches responsibility in the tightly-knit circle of brothers.[5][10] All members must further show active participation in the regular fraternity Convents, providing the foundation for the fraternity's members to meet and discuss past, present and future developments. Decisions are cast in a democratic manner, sometimes after intense debates. Participation at such Convents teaches a better understanding of proper argumentation, group dynamics and critical analysis of other members' views, plans and arguments, thereby fostering its participants to become active members of society.[5] Similarly, every member must finish his higher educational degree with good academic standing in order to advance to the status of "Alter Herr" (alumnus).[7]

Long-term guidance is expected from and provided by said Alte Herren alumni who often remain very engaged and well connected with the fraternity. Every year at the end of May, student and alumni members of all German Student Corps meet in one of two cities (Weinheim and Bad Kösen) for three days to refresh their bonds with their fraternity and friends found in fraternities of the entire Corps network (WSC/KSCV). In addition to these international meetings once a year, alumni join the student members for multiple local meetings, lasting an evening or a weekend, to meet new and refresh memories with seasoned members. These regular meetings result in strong bonds spanning the generations within the fraternity.[5][7]

History

Further information: German Student Corps, List of members of German student corps, and Weinheimer Senioren-Convent

Foundation as Rhetoric Society in 19th century Dresden

Brühl's Terrace in 1890.

The fraternity was founded on October 31, 1861 at the Brühl's Terrace in Dresden's city center as Rhetoric Society by students of Dresden's former Institute of Technology, nowadays's Dresden University of Technology. The name chosen for the new fraternity was originally Polyhymnia, who is the muse of sacred poetry, rhetoric and eloquence. The founders strongly believed that a rhetoric education and discourse is to be part of a traditional and modern day, humanistic, higher education. The colors grey-green-gold were chosen to represent the fraternity's principles focusing on academia (grey), being full of fresh energy and hope for its principles (green), and valuing their friendship among fraternity brothers highly (gold).[7] Today, the strong connection to the fraternity's founding location is often revived with a rhetoric get-together at Brühl's Terrace, spontaneous afternoon pub gatherings near the river Elbe as well as lavish balls throughout the year.

Bismarck's student sword and helmet, comparable to those used by Altsachsen's members then and now.

By 1868, the fraternity had adopted the tradition of academic fencing of "Mensur" challenges (back then "duels"[3]) with members of other proper fraternities [9] and changed its official name to Akademische Verbindung Polyhymnia (Academic Fraternity Polyhymnia). The motto "Litteris et amicitiae" (Science and Friendship) was adopted on June 25, 1880.[8]

Further information: Holistic education and Trivium (education)

Influencing the development of the Technical Institute of Dresden

Dresden's main university, today's Technical University (short: TU) Dresden was founded in 1828 as one of the first technical institutes of the world, back then called "Technical School of Saxony". After Saxony joined the newly formed German Empire in 1871, the institute was renamed the Royal Saxon Polytechnic Institute (Königlich-Sächsisches Polytechnikum). At this point in time, topics not connected with technology, such as history and languages, were introduced to the school curriculum. Several of Altsachsen's fraternity members were in high ranking institute and government positions and had an influential role by lobbying the Saxony's state government towards recognizing the technical institute as higher education provider with polytechnical merits, which resulted in yet another name change to Königlich-Sächsischen Technischen Hochschule Dresden (Royal-Saxon Technical College of Dresden) in 1890.[12] To honor the recognition of the educational institution, the fraternity established the acadmic principle (akademische Prinzip). This meant that every member could only become an alumnus after graduating with a higher academic degree and in good academic standing, an initiative by fraternity member and Honorary Senator Fritz Zeuner, son of the former president of the Poly-technical Institute Gustav Zeuner. Them and others in the fraternity significantly influenced the college's course these times, eventually leading to the college's privilege to graduate students with doctoral degrees in 1900. Aside from traditional doctoral graduations, the university was also allowed to honor exceptional scientists and businessmen as honorary doctors, the first one being granted to Friedrich Siemens.[12][13]

The typical, early 1900s style of campus architecture is exemplified in today's nearby Schumann-Building at the TU Dresden.

Foundation of Franconia

During the late 1800s, fraternities began forming fraternity circles and umbrella organizations. Differences in opinion in tolerance and general politics led to the end of honorable greeting and fencing with certain types of fraternities, such as the Cheruscia Dresden in 1899. This led to problems trying to maintain a high level of fencing engagements among similar fraternities, which is why five of Polyhymnia's fraternity brothers founded the "fencing fraternity Franconia Dresden" ("Freischlagende Verbindung Franconia", later "Corps Franconia Dresden") in Juli of 1899. Monetary stimulus for the new fraternity was provided by Polyhymnia's alumni-organisation. Both "fencing fraternities", not yet Corps at that point, formed the Dresden Fraternity Cartel ("Dresdner Verbindungs-Cartell" D.V.C.) to rival and engage in regular social and fencing events.[14][15]

Joining the Weinheimer Senioren-Convent

To guarantee her members reliable means to fence with other fraternities of alike principles, Polyhymnia joint the Weinheimer Senioren-Convent (WSC) in 1927 and was renamed Corps Altsachsen.[16][17] The name change from Polyhymnia to Corps Altsachsen happened in compliance with WSC rules for fraternity names at that time.[15] Likewise, most of the local fraternities merged to form similar umbrella organizations in the following years. From that point on, most of the social activity, such as eloquent balls as well as fencing engagements became limited to like-minded fraternities, the German Student Corps.[9]

Suspension during times of the national socialist rule

Similar to other fraternities who encouraged their members to have their own free thought and will, members of the Corps Altsachsen felt the increasing pressure of national socialist surveillance as well as political pressure in the early 1930s. A similar-minded fraternity, Corps Makaria Dresden fused with the Corps Altsachsen in 1934, which strengthened the member bonds and numbers within the fraternity. Still, as political pressures in Nazi-Germany had increased to dangerous levels for fraternities during the next years, Corps Altsachsen officially suspended activities in 1936.[9] During the mid 1930s, eventually all corps, abiding by a free democratic order, went that path as their view of the world was in stark contrast to the so-called Führerprinzip (Führer-principle), where one person governs essentially as dictator instead of relying on a democratic, consensus-based majority in a Convent.[12]

House of the fraternity in a snowy Christmas winter night in Dresden.

Reconstitution after WW II and return to Dresden

After the war, the fraternity was reconstituted at the University of Cologne in 1950[18] and soon fused with the smaller Corps Gothia Dresden in 1953 who had reconstituted in Colone too. Originally located in Köln-Lindenthal, Altsachsen soon moved to Köln-Marienburg where it stayed until the iron curtain collapsed.[12][18] During the soviet dictatorship in East Germany, fraternities abiding by free will and common consensus were again not allowed to exist as they could not be controlled by the socialist party. Following Germany's reunification in 1989, the fraternity returned to Dresden in 1994 with the aid of the Blaues Kartellge, a circle for four like-minded fraternities that Altsachsen had joined in 1993. The Blaues Kartell today includes the Corps Saxo-Thuringia in Munich, Corps Hannoverania in Hanover and Corps Berlin in Berlin. In 1997, the Corps Altsachsen transitioned its headquarters to its newly remodeled fraternity house on Weissbachstreet 1, right in the middle of the Campus of the Dresden University of Technology, thereby reconnecting with its traditional roots.[9]

Steamboat at the Brühl's Terrace

Today

The fraternity is known for its strong commitment to the university, to its rhetoric traditions as well as lavish social events. Among these are e.g. regular boat parties on Dresden's steam boats as well as traditional balls allowing the corps brothers to enjoy Waltz, Latin or many other forms of Ballroom dance in good company.[19] Many of these events are not limited to the region of Dresden, as several trips per year to friends in other cites offer a variety of impressions beyond those of average university students or alumni.

Relationships with other fraternities

Corps Altsachsen is a member of the "Blaues Kartell", a circle of four German Student Corps that understand the union as "one fraternity spanning four cities" (Dresden, Munich, Hanover, and Berlin).
In chronological order. Links to the German Wikipedia are in process of being translated and currently indicated with "ge".

Further information: de:Verhältnisvertrag

Notable members

In alphabetic order with links to the English Wikipedia on top. Links to the German Wikipedia are in process of being translated and currently indicated with "ge".

Albrecht was one of the co-founders of the fraternity in 1861.
  • Carl Theodor Albrecht (1843–1915) was a German astronomer and geometer. One of the founders of the International Polar Motion Service, predecessor to the International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service. One of the co-founders of the fraternity in 1861.
  • Rudolph Hering (1847–1923), Founder of modern environmental technology. Proposed and designed the reversing of the Chicago river in 1900.[20] For his achievements, the American Society of Civil Engineers started awarding the golden "Rudolph-Hering-Medal" for exceptional engineering achievements in environmental technology in 1924.[21]
  • Hans Görges ge(1859–1946), President (Rektor) of the Technischen Hochschule Dresden 1914–1915, the predecessor of today's TU Dresden, as well as an influential physicist and professor for electrical engineering.
  • Walther Heise, Highest-level government construction officer and construction manager for the Erich Müller-Building, the Jante Building and the Zeuner Building at the TU Dresden.
  • Heinrich Koch (1873–1945), Highest-level government construction officer and construction manager for the Beyer-Building at the TU Dresden as well as the main building of Saxony's capitol city archive in Dresden.
  • Martin Johann Krause, President (Rektor) of the Technischen Hochschule Dresden 1894 – 1896 and 1919 – 1920, the predecessor of today's TU Dresden.
  • Siegfried Meurer ge (1908–1997), engineer and inventor of the "Flüstermotor" (quiet Diesel engine) as well as honorary professor at the Technical University RWTH Aachen.
  • Hermann Immanuel Rietschel ge (1847–1914), founder of the heating- and climate technology specialization in mechanical engineering in Germany.
  • Oskar August Reuther, President (Rektor) of the TH Dresden 1932–1934, the predecessor of today's TU Dresden.
  • Hermann Rietschel, President (Rektor) of the Technischen Hochschule Berlin 1893–1894, the predecessor of today's TU Berlin.
  • Malwin Roßberg, High-level government construction officer and construction manager for the Fritz Förster Building and the Walter-König Building at the TU Dresden.
Wagner is credited as the main founder of the fraternity in 1861.

Recipients of the Klinggräff-Medal (Klinggräff-Medaille)

The Klinggräff-Medal is awarded for the combination of extraordinary accomplishments in academia, involvement for the fraternity and proven leadership on local and, preferentially, national level.[22] An average of five medals is awarded each year nation-wide, chosen by a joint alumni committee of KSCV and WSC representatives. The award indirectly reflects back at the fraternity, showing leaders in their field among the fraternity's brothers.[22] For more information see Klinggräff-Medaille ge at the Association of German Student Corps Alumni ge.

Recipients of the Klinggräff-Medal for the Corps Altsachsen are:

  • Dirk Steinebach (1993)
  • Manfred Franke (2009)

A small list of select buildings in Dresden that were designed or constructed by members of the fraternity.

  • Beyer-Building at the TU Dresden.
    Beyer-Building at the TU Dresden.
  • The "New City Hall", German: "Neues Dresdner Rathaus", seen from the Georgplatz.
    The "New City Hall", German: "Neues Dresdner Rathaus", seen from the Georgplatz.
  • Dresden New Market Hall, "Neustädter Markthalle", Portal seen from the Ritterstraße
    Dresden New Market Hall, "Neustädter Markthalle", Portal seen from the Ritterstraße
  • Fritz-Förster-Building seen from the TU Dresden's campus' main street "Mommsenstraße".
    Fritz-Förster-Building seen from the TU Dresden's campus' main street "Mommsenstraße".
  • Jante-Building (right) with Beyer-Building (left) at the TU Dresden
    Jante-Building (right) with Beyer-Building (left) at the TU Dresden
  • Dresden's Capitol Archive of Saxony.
    Dresden's Capitol Archive of Saxony.

Literature

Map of the developing German Student Corps during the 18/19th century Europe.
  • Lees Knowles: A day with corps-students in Germany[2]
  • Mark Twain describes his encounters with German corps students in chapters IV to VII of his travelogue A Tramp Abroad.[6]
  • Mark Twain describes spcifically the fencing scene in A Tramp Abroad.[10]
  • Secondary web source of Mark Twain's descriptions of his encounters with German corps students in chapters IV to VII of his travelogue A Tramp Abroad.[11]
  • LaVaque-Manty, Mika (2006). "Dueling for Equality: Masculine Honor and the Modern Politics of Dignity" (PDF). Political Theory. 34 (6): 715–740.[4]
  • Gay, Peter (1992). "Mensur: The Cherished Scar". The Yale Review. 80 (1–2). {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  • Paulgerhard Gladen: Die Kösener und Weinheimer Corps. Ihre Darstellung in Einzelchroniken. WJK-Verlag, Hilden 2007, ISBN 3-933892-24-4, S. 91–92.
  • Hans Schüler: Weinheimer S.C.-Chronik, Darmstadt 1927, S. 434-454
  • Michael Doeberl u. a. (Hrsg.): Das akademische Deutschland, Band 2: Die deutschen Hochschulen und ihre akademischen Bürger, Berlin 1931, S. 735
  • Rolf-Joachim Baum: "Wir wollen Männer, wir wollen Taten!" – Deutsche Corpsstudenten 1848 bis heute. Berlin 1998, S. 7–12. ISBN 3-88680-653-7
  • Corps Altsachsen (1961), Hundert Jahre Corps Altsachsen (1. ed.), Köln, p. 86{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  • Paulgerhard Gladen: Geschichte der studentischen Korporationsverbände, Band 1, S. 53, Würzburg 1981[16]
  • Paulgerhard Gladen (2007), Die Kösener und Weinheimer Corps: Ihre Darstellung in Einzelchroniken (1. ed.), Hilden: WJK-Verlag, p. 200, ISBN 978-3-933892-24-9[9]

References

  1. ^ a b c Die Corps. "Was sind die Corps? - Who are the Corps?" http://www.die-corps.de/interessenten.0.html Retrieved on Oct. 7, 2013. Cite error: The named reference "fechten" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  2. ^ a b c "A day with corps-students in Germany". Archive.org. Retrieved 2013-09-27.
  3. ^ a b c d Klimczuk, Stephen & Warner, Gerald. "Secret Places, Hidden Sanctuaries: Uncovering Mysterious Sites, Symbols, and Societies". Sterling Publishing, 2009, New York and London. ISBN 978-1-4027-6207-9. pp. 212–232 ("University Secret Societies and Dueling Corps").
  4. ^ a b c LaVaque-Manty, Mika (2006). "Dueling for Equality: Masculine Honor and the Modern Politics of Dignity" (PDF). Political Theory. 34 (6): 715–740.
  5. ^ a b c d e f Die Corps. "Prinzipien der Corps" An article explaining the principles of being a Corps Student: http://www.die-corps.de/prinzipien.0.html Retrieved on Oct. 7, 2013.
  6. ^ a b c d https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/A_Tramp_Abroad/IV
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h Corps Altsachsen: Hundert Jahre Corps Altsachsen. 1. Auflage. Köln 1961.
  8. ^ a b Festschrift zur Feier des fünfzigjährigen Bestehens der freischlagenden Verbindung "Polyhymnia" an der Technischen Hochschule zu Dresden. Technische Hochschule Dresden, 1911.
  9. ^ a b c d e f Paulgerhard Gladen (2007), Die Kösener und Weinheimer Corps: Ihre Darstellung in Einzelchroniken (1. ed.), Hilden: WJK-Verlag, p. 200, ISBN 978-3-933892-24-9
  10. ^ a b c d e f https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/A_Tramp_Abroad/V
  11. ^ a b http://www.mtwain.com/A_Tramp_Abroad/4.html
  12. ^ a b c d Corps Altsachsen: Hundert Jahre Corps Altsachsen. 1. Auflage. Köln 1961, S. 86.
  13. ^ Wissenschaftliche Zeitschrift Der Technischen Universität Dresden, Volume 18, Issue 5, Technischen Universität Dresden, 1969
  14. ^ Hans Schüler: Weinheimer S.C.-Chronik, Darmstadt 1927, S. 434-454
  15. ^ a b Michael Doeberl, Alfred Bienengräber: Das akademische Deutschland, Volume 2, C.A. Weller, 1931.
  16. ^ a b Paulgerhard Gladen: Geschichte der studentischen Korporationsverbände, Band 1, S. 53, Würzburg 1981
  17. ^ Karlheinz Blaschke, Holger Starke, Uwe John: Geschichte der Stadt Dresden, Volume 3, Theiss Verlag, 2006, S. 182.
  18. ^ a b Universitätsführer. Universität zu Köln, Allgemeiner Studentenausschuss, 1972
  19. ^ Webpage of the Corps Altsachsen - "Aktuelles" showing current events http://www.altsachsen.de Retrieved on Oct. 29, 2013.
  20. ^ Water Supply & Distribution History II - Early Years.
  21. ^ American Society of Civil Engineers
  22. ^ a b Stifterverien Alter Corpsstudenten e.V. "Die Preisträger der Klinggräff-Medaille" (Recipients of the Klinggräff-Medal) http://www.stifterverein.org/preistraeger Retrieved on Oct. 7, 2013.

51°01′37″N 13°43′46″E / 51.027059°N 13.729415°E / 51.027059; 13.729415

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