Jacobs Hols der Teufel: Difference between revisions
No edit summary |
No edit summary |
||
| Line 32: | Line 32: | ||
The Jacobs plans show the Hols der Teufel had a simple, constant [[chord (aircraft)|chord]] wing much like that of the Zögling though of greater span, built around two spars and fabric covered except at the [[leading edge]] which was [[plywood]] skinned. Its broad, constant chord [[ailerons]] were longer than those of the Zögling and its round cornered, tapered tips were less angular. As before, the wing was supported by the forward members of its girder fuselage; a vertical strut near the leading edge and a inverted V-strut behind. As the wing was strut, rather than wire braced, there was no longer a need to extend these struts above the wing into a pylon. The two [[aircraft fairing|faired]], parallel [[lift strut]]s on each side ran from the lower forward fuselage to the wing at about mid-span.<ref name=SimonsIb/> |
The Jacobs plans show the Hols der Teufel had a simple, constant [[chord (aircraft)|chord]] wing much like that of the Zögling though of greater span, built around two spars and fabric covered except at the [[leading edge]] which was [[plywood]] skinned. Its broad, constant chord [[ailerons]] were longer than those of the Zögling and its round cornered, tapered tips were less angular. As before, the wing was supported by the forward members of its girder fuselage; a vertical strut near the leading edge and a inverted V-strut behind. As the wing was strut, rather than wire braced, there was no longer a need to extend these struts above the wing into a pylon. The two [[aircraft fairing|faired]], parallel [[lift strut]]s on each side ran from the lower forward fuselage to the wing at about mid-span.<ref name=SimonsIb/> |
||
Like some Zöglings, the Hols der |
Like some Zöglings, the Hols der Teufel had a light [[nacelle]], ending under the wing at a leaning vertical knife edge around the aft central wing strut, enclosing both the pilot's seat and the other supporting struts. Aft, the cross braced girder had a horizontal upper beam onto which the [[tailplane]] was mounted, strut braced from below. Its leading edge was straight and strongly swept; the cropped, parallel chord [[elevator (aircraft)|elevator]]s had a central cut out for [[rudder]] movement. The [[fin]] was under the tailplane, formed by fabric covering between the last two vertical fuselage fames. Its upright, near rectangular rudder was hinged on the extended, final vertical frame member. The Hols der Teufel landed on a rubber sprung skid which ran from the nose to a little beyond the aft lift struts.<ref name=SimonsIb/> |
||
==Operational history== |
==Operational history== |
||
The ready availability of detailed plans and the fact that with its low [[wing loading]] the Hols der Teufel was one of only a few gliders able to take a pilot through the soaring standards required for a C-badge resulted in widespread amateurs construction worldwide, though overall numbers are hard to establish, not least in Germany.<ref name=SimonsIb/><ref name=SS/> Twelve were registered in [[Hungary]], one imported in 1929 and the rest locally built between 1931 and 1938.<ref name=fega/>, Seven appear in the UK on the [[BGA]] list, including one at least that flew with the [[London Gliding Club]] for several years.<ref name=Flight/> Two were built by a [[Switzerland|Swiss]] immigrant in [[Brazil]], one of which is on display in [[Rio de Janeiro]], the only recorded surviving original example<ref name=Ogden/> In 1990 a reproduction Hols der Teufel was flown from [[Dunstable]]; it is now in the Gliding Museum on the [[Wasserkuppe]].<ref name=SimonsIb/> |
|||
C-badge capable http://www.scalesoaring.co.uk/VINTAGE/Documentation/SlingsbyCadet/Slingsby%20Cadet.htm |
|||
7 in UK on BGA register (one at least LGC) |
|||
12 in Hungary http://gliders-fega.freeweb.hu/holci.html |
|||
" built in Brazil, one in mus |
|||
<!-- ==Variants== --> |
<!-- ==Variants== --> |
||
| Line 128: | Line 123: | ||
==References== |
==References== |
||
{{reflist|refs= |
{{reflist|refs= |
||
<ref name=SimonsIa>{{cite book |title=Sailplanes 1920-1945 |last=Simons |first=Martin |edition=2nd revised |year=2006|publisher= EQIP Werbung & Verlag GmbH|location=Königswinter |isbn=3 9806773 4 6|pages=38-44}}</ref> |
<ref name=SimonsIa>{{cite book |title=Sailplanes 1920-1945 |last=Simons |first=Martin |edition=2nd revised |year=2006|publisher= EQIP Werbung & Verlag GmbH|location=Königswinter |isbn=3 9806773 4 6|pages=38-44}}</ref> |
||
<ref name=SimonsIb>{{cite book |title=Sailplanes 1920-1945 |last=Simons |first=Martin |edition= |year=2006|pages=104-6}}</ref> |
<ref name=SimonsIb>{{cite book |title=Sailplanes 1920-1945 |last=Simons |first=Martin |edition= |year=2006|pages=104-6}}</ref> |
||
<ref name=Ogden>{{cite book |title= Aviation Museums and Collections of the Rest of the World|last=Ogden|first=Bob| year=2008|edition=|publisher=Air-Britain (Historians) |location=Tonbridge, Kent |isbn= 978-0-851-30-394-9}}</ref> |
|||
<ref name=Flight>{{cite journal |last= |first= |authorlink= |coauthors= |year=1931 |month=9 ctober |title= Gliding.|journal= [[Flight International|Flight]]|volume=XXIII |issue=44 |pages=p.1020 |url= http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1931/1931%20-%201090.html }}</ref> |
|||
<ref name=SS>{{cite web |url= http://www.scalesoaring.co.uk/VINTAGE/Documentation/SlingsbyCadet/Slingsby%20Cadet.htm|title=The Slingsby Type 7 Cadet |author=John Stanley Sproule |date= |work= |publisher= |accessdate=5 February 2014}}</ref> |
|||
<ref name=fega>{{cite web |url=http://gliders-fega.freeweb.hu/holci.html|title= GLIDERS IMPORTED TO OR BUILT UNDER LICENCE IN HUNGARY |
|||
1929-1945 |author= |date= |work= |publisher= |accessdate=5 February 2014}}</ref> |
|||
Revision as of 20:41, 5 February 2014
| Hols der Teufel | |
|---|---|
| |
| Role | Club glider |
| National origin | Germany |
| Manufacturer | Plans from Hans Jacobs, complete from Alexander Schleicher |
| Designer | Hans Jacobs, Alexander Lippisch and Alexander Schleicher |
| First flight | c.1928 |
The Jacobs Hols der Teufel (Template:Lang-en) was a
Design and development
The first glider to be named the Hols der Teufel (Template:Lang-en) was the influential Djävaler Anamma, designed by Alexander Lippisch in 1923. The name was associated with the cursing of two Swedish students in the Wasserkuppe workshops whose favourite phrase it was. It translates into German as Hols der Teufel. Its key structural feature was an A-frame which carried wire braced wings and linked to a flat girder rearward fuselage. It later evolved through the Schneider Grunau 9 into the very popular Zögling, which avoided the controversial "skullsplitter" forward member of the A-frame with a vertical strut behind the pilot, and was related to the secondary RRG Prüfling glider that replaced wire bracing with rigid lift struts.[1] The Hols der Teufel of 1928, designed by Lippisch and Hans Jacobs, possibly with the assistance of Alexander Schleicher had the Zögling girder frame and the strut braced wings, making it very different from its ancestral namesake.[2]
The Hols der Teufel was built (and named) by Alexander Schleicher in his factory in the valley below the Wasserkuppe. Detailed plans of it for amateur use were included in a book on glider building published by Jacobs in 1932 and led to its widespread construction. The complete Schleicher version differed somewhat from the plans in several details, for example more rounded wing tips and span, different girder frame cross bracing and a wire, rather than strut braced tailplane.[2]
The Jacobs plans show the Hols der Teufel had a simple, constant chord wing much like that of the Zögling though of greater span, built around two spars and fabric covered except at the leading edge which was plywood skinned. Its broad, constant chord ailerons were longer than those of the Zögling and its round cornered, tapered tips were less angular. As before, the wing was supported by the forward members of its girder fuselage; a vertical strut near the leading edge and a inverted V-strut behind. As the wing was strut, rather than wire braced, there was no longer a need to extend these struts above the wing into a pylon. The two faired, parallel lift struts on each side ran from the lower forward fuselage to the wing at about mid-span.[2]
Like some Zöglings, the Hols der Teufel had a light nacelle, ending under the wing at a leaning vertical knife edge around the aft central wing strut, enclosing both the pilot's seat and the other supporting struts. Aft, the cross braced girder had a horizontal upper beam onto which the tailplane was mounted, strut braced from below. Its leading edge was straight and strongly swept; the cropped, parallel chord elevators had a central cut out for rudder movement. The fin was under the tailplane, formed by fabric covering between the last two vertical fuselage fames. Its upright, near rectangular rudder was hinged on the extended, final vertical frame member. The Hols der Teufel landed on a rubber sprung skid which ran from the nose to a little beyond the aft lift struts.[2]
Operational history
The ready availability of detailed plans and the fact that with its low wing loading the Hols der Teufel was one of only a few gliders able to take a pilot through the soaring standards required for a C-badge resulted in widespread amateurs construction worldwide, though overall numbers are hard to establish, not least in Germany.[2][3] Twelve were registered in Hungary, one imported in 1929 and the rest locally built between 1931 and 1938.[4], Seven appear in the UK on the BGA list, including one at least that flew with the London Gliding Club for several years.[5] Two were built by a Swiss immigrant in Brazil, one of which is on display in Rio de Janeiro, the only recorded surviving original example[6] In 1990 a reproduction Hols der Teufel was flown from Dunstable; it is now in the Gliding Museum on the Wasserkuppe.[2]
Specifications (Jacobs)
Data from Sailplanes 1920-1945 (2006)[2]
General characteristics
- Crew: One
- Length: 6.50 m (21 ft 4 in)
- Wingspan: 12.568 m (41 ft 3 in)
- Wing area: 19.52 m2 (210.1 sq ft)
- Aspect ratio: 8.1
References
- ^ Simons, Martin (2006). Sailplanes 1920-1945 (2nd revised ed.). Königswinter: EQIP Werbung & Verlag GmbH. pp. 38–44. ISBN 3 9806773 4 6.
- ^ a b c d e f g Simons, Martin (2006). Sailplanes 1920-1945. pp. 104–6.
- ^ John Stanley Sproule. "The Slingsby Type 7 Cadet". Retrieved 5 February 2014.
- ^ "GLIDERS IMPORTED TO OR BUILT UNDER LICENCE IN HUNGARY 1929-1945". Retrieved 5 February 2014.
{{cite web}}: line feed character in|title=at position 54 (help) - ^ "Gliding". Flight. XXIII (44): p.1020. 1931.
{{cite journal}}:|pages=has extra text (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help); Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help) - ^ Ogden, Bob (2008). Aviation Museums and Collections of the Rest of the World. Tonbridge, Kent: Air-Britain (Historians). ISBN 978-0-851-30-394-9.