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==Resignations==
==Resignations==
{{prose|date=February 2014}}
{{prose|date=February 2014}}
* Head of [[Tuzla Canton]] Government '''Sead Čaušević'''. <ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.worldbulletin.net/world/128446/anti-govt-protests-spread-across-bosnia|title=Anti-govt protests spread across Bosnia|date=8 February 2014|work=worldbulletin.net|accessdate=8 February 2014}}</ref>
*Head of [[Tuzla Canton]] Government '''Sead Čaušević'''. <ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.worldbulletin.net/world/128446/anti-govt-protests-spread-across-bosnia|title=Anti-govt protests spread across Bosnia|date=8 February 2014|work=worldbulletin.net|accessdate=8 February 2014}}</ref>
*Whole government of [[Zenica-Doboj Canton]].
*Whole government of [[Zenica-Doboj Canton]].
*Head of [[Sarajevo Canton]] government '''Suad Zeljković'''.<ref>[http://www.klix.ba/vijesti/bih/premijer-ks-suad-zeljkovic-podnio-ostavku/140208055 Premijer kantona Sarajevo Suad Zeljković podnio ostavku.]</ref>
*Head of [[Sarajevo Canton]] government '''Suad Zeljković'''.<ref>[http://www.klix.ba/vijesti/bih/premijer-ks-suad-zeljkovic-podnio-ostavku/140208055 Premijer kantona Sarajevo Suad Zeljković podnio ostavku.]</ref>

Revision as of 11:51, 10 February 2014

2014 riots in Bosnia and Herzegovina
File:2014 Bosnia and Herzegovina riots.jpg
Date4 February 2014 – ongoing (10 years, 10 months and 4 weeks)
Location
 Bosnia and Herzegovina[1]
Caused by
  • Mass population unemployment
  • Malfeasance privatization of the public companies
  • Political corruption and nepotism
  • Police brutality
Goals
  • Change of government.
  • Improvement of standard of living.
Methods
StatusOngoing
Parties
Citizens
Government
Police forces
Casualties
Death(s)None
Injuries200 (Tuzla)[2]
50 (Zenica)[3]
121 (Sarajevo)[4]
Arrested38[5]

A series of demonstrations and riots began in the northern town of Tuzla on 4 February 2014, but quickly spread to multiple cities in Bosnia and Herzegovina, including Sarajevo, Zenica, Mostar, Jajce, Brčko, Bihać, Doboj, Prijedor,[6] Travnik, Bugojno, Donji Vakuf, Kakanj, Visoko, Breza, Gračanica, Sanski Most, Cazin, Živinice, Goražde, Orašje, Srebrenik, Bijeljina,[7] Prozor and Tešanj[8], among others, for social reasons with the aim of overthrowing the government.[9][10] The riots are the most violent scenes the country has seen since the end of the Bosnian War.[7]

Some news sources, such as BBC and the New York Times, have used the names Bosnian Spring and Balkan Spring when describing the riots,[11][12][13] a terminology taken from other events such the Arab Spring and the Prague Spring.

Background

After World War II, Tuzla developed into a major industrial and cultural centre during the Communist period in the former Yugoslavia. During the first decade of the 21st century, four former state-owned companies, including furniture and washing powder factories, were sold to private owners who were contracted to invest in and make them profitable. Instead, the new owners sold the assets, stopped paying workers and filed for bankruptcy. The closures left hundreds of workers without jobs in a country that already has a high unemployment rate of between 27%–47%.[14] Although official data show that 27.5 percent of its working population is unemployed, at least another 20 percent of people are estimated to be engaged in the so-called grey economy. An average monthly salary in Bosnia and Herzegovina is 420 euros (about $570), with one in five citizens living below the poverty line.[15]

Protests

Tuzla

4–5 February

Protests began on 4 February 2014[16] peacefully in the city of Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina but turned violent the following day when hundreds of demonstrators, mostly former employees of several big companies, such as Dita, Polihem, Guming and Konjuh, clashed with police near the Tuzla local government building demanding for compensation and called on Tuzla officials to intervene instantly.[17] Demonstrators blame local officials for allowing several state firms to collapse between 2000 and 2008 after being privatized, leaving many unemployed.[18]

That same week, the protests spread to various cities across Bosnia and Herzegovina, including Bihać, Mostar, Zenica, Kakanj and the capital Sarajevo.[19]

Due to the recent closures of factories and firms in Tuzla, at least 600 protesters tried to storm the building of the Tuzla local government, accusing authorities of turning a blind eye to the collapse of a number of state firms after their privatization.[20] Some of the protesters threw eggs, flares and stones at the windows of the building and set tires on fire, blocking traffic in the city center.[21][22] Police eventually forced demonstrators back and cordoned off the building. One of the hundreds of protesters in the city said: "This is the start of the Bosnian Spring," alluding to the ongoing Arab Spring which began in 2010.

The protesters gathered in front of the cantonal government building, requesting for compensation and repayments of healthcare and pensions payments after the privatized companies for which they worked failed. Local media reports said that some protesters scuffled with police after breaking into the cantonal government building, while others set garbage containers and tires on fire.[17] It is reported that in the end of the day, a total of twenty-two people, including 17 police officers, were injured, while 24 are arrested for their involvement in the protests.[23][24][25][26][27]

As a result of the police brutality the day before, protesters were outraged. The next day, the number of protesters grew enormously; around 6,000 individuals gathered in front of the cantonal government building. The number of injured individuals rose enormously. According to local newspapers, around 100 policemen were injured, where the most of the injuries were from being hit by stones. 11 cars were destroyed and 27 protesters were arrested. Around 20 civilians had minor injuries.[28]

6 February

On Thursday, 6 February the protests spread into multiple cities in the country, at first by people who wanted to show solidarity with the citizens of Tuzla; In the capital city Sarajevo, protesters clashed with police who had blocked traffic in the city center.[29] Four officers were hospitalized.[30][31] Over 200 people blocked traffic in Mostar and about 150 Zenica citizens protested in front of their local government building.[32] One of the protestors in Zenica was quoted as saying: "Today we fought for Tuzla, tomorrow we fight for all of us."[33] Protests also broke out in Bihać and Tešanj, among others.[34]

27 people who had been arrested the day before were released.[35] That day also marked the first time since the start of the uprising that police used tear gas on the crowds,[36] More than two dozen people were hospitalized with tear gas-related injuries.[37]

Schools throughout Tuzla were closed and residents of buildings yelled insults and threw buckets of water at the officers who passed by in full riot gear[10] Elderly neighbors banged on their windows and balconies.[38]

7 February

View at the Government Building of Tuzla Canton day after the social riots, 8 February 2014.
File:2014 Social riot in Bosnia damaged cantonal government building.jpeg
Workers and firefighters control a fire inside a government building after protests in the Bosnian capital of Sarajevo on Saturday, 8 February 2014.

On 7 February, mass crowds began to gather at the same place and in over 20 major cities across the country. People gathered at their city centers to support protests in Tuzla. According to the official statements, more than 130 people, including 104 police officers, were injured on on the third day of anti-government demonstrations in Tuzla alone.[39] After a long day of waiting, 10,000 outraged protesters broke the last line of police defense in the cantonal government building. Around 100 younger protesters stormed into the building throwing furniture and papers out of the windows, burning the whole building afterwards.

Even a quick intervention of the local firemen crew couldn't prevent the fire from spreading on other floors. The protesters gave them a "calm hour" after which the protests were carried in front of the cantonal court. Protesters asked workers of the cantonal court to address them about their plans in freeing the remaining protesters arrested that day and the day before, which included the leader and organizer of the demonstrations. Shortly after a rain of stones started hitting the cantonal court. The group of 10,000 people started moving towards the municipal building where all workers were evacuated before the angry mob arrived. The attack on the municipal building included a few short fights between the protesters and the special police units. It included using tear-gas which outraged the protesters even more. After the police fell back, protesters started throwing bricks and stones at the building, breaking every single window on it and burning it down afterwards. Shortly after burning the municipal building it was announced that the police forces have switched sides and joined the protesters.

During the unrest on Friday, 7 February, the mayor of Brčko was taken hostage by the crowd for a short while and then released.[40]

8 February

By the morning hours of Saturday, 8 February, the riots had spread to Brčko, Mostar, Jajce, Bihać, Doboj, Prijedor, Travnik, Bugojno, Donji Vakuf, Kakanj, Visoko, Gračanica, Sanski Most, Cazin, Živinice, Goražde, Orašje, Srebrenik, Bijeljina, Prozor and Tešanj, among others.[41]

Throughout 8 February the riots had stopped and all the people had resumed peaceful protests and begun clearing the streets of garbage and debris.[42][43][44]

Zenica

Protests in Zenica on 7 February 2014.

Protestors in Zenica had forced their way through a police cordon and set fire to a local government building and surrounding official cars.[2] On 7 February 2014, entire goverment of Zenica-Doboj Canton offered resignations on the next meeting.[45]

Sarajevo

7 February

Burning cars near Presidency palace, 7 February 2014.

Tear gas and smoke blanketed downtown Sarajevo, where police opened fire with rubber bullets on several thousand protesters who set fire to the headquarters of the capital’s cantonal government. Water cannon was also used to disperse protesters who were trying to enter the presidency building.[46]

Dense smoke is caused by the burning several police cars[19] near the building of the state Presidency. The Building of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina was also heavily damaged because the demonstrators set fire to two floors, basement and part archive material of the State Archives of Bosnia and Herzegovina, which is located there.[47] Centuries old oriental manuscripts were lost to the flames, along with the paper documents from between the two world wars. Demonstrators also torched and stoned the building of the Centar Municipality, Sarajevo[19] as well as the seat of the regional government of the Sarajevo Canton.

8–9 February

Peaceful protests with at least 200 people continued at 16:00 on 8 February, protesters demanding release of some young people from prisons that were involved in violent riots days earlier. The protesters called for peaceful protests to continue and demand the change of current government. [48] Spokesperson for the municipal court of Sarajevo, Alem Hamzić stated that 33 protesters have been released adding, "Criminal proceedings will be launched against some ten demonstrators with court likely imposing prohibitive measures. Prohibitive measures include: ban on meeting and communicating, confiscation of passports and identity documents, and they will need to report twice weekly to the relevant police department." Peaceful demonstrations continued throughout the day of 9 February.[49]

Bihać

Protests began in Bihać as early as 6 February. On 8 February, over 3,000 disgruntled citizens rallied at the Town Square to express dissatisfaction with the government of the Una-Sana Canton, one of Bosnia and Herzegovina's ten post-war cantons, and demanding the resignation of the cantons' Prime Minister and Minister of Police, Hamdija Lipovača.[50][51]

In front of the local government building protesters from all over the country were greeted by police. Protesters shouted "Thieves!" and "We want resignation!" and asked the police to side with them. Police officers confiscated a number of Molotov cocktails and shops in the city center closed down as a precautionary measure. Hundreds of protesters gathered around Prime Minister Lipovača's home fighting with the police and demanding his resignation.[52][53] The clash with police injured several people and the crowd later dispersed.

On 10 February 2014, after days of protests by at least 3,000 people, the Prime Minister of the Una-Sana Canton Hamdija Lipovača officially resigned following days of refusing to do so.[54][55]

Resignations

Damages

The cost of the damage done to the infrastructure will not be known for days.[59][60][when?] The estimated cost in all the cities across the country is believed to be around 50 million KM (€ 25,5 million).[61]

Large amounts of historical documents were lost when sections of the Archives of Bosnia and Herzegovina were set on fire. Many irreplaceable documents were burnt. The damage was mainly to the parts storing documentation from the 1878-1918 Austrian occupation of Bosnia, according to archivist Siniša Domazet.[62]

Reactions

Domestic
  •  Republika Srpska — The entity president Milorad Dodik has expressed that he is "proud of the citizens in Republika Srpska" for not falling for provocations that could make the unrests in the federation spread further. He has also expressed suspicions that there might be an underlying political project that intends to somehow make the recent unrests expand into Republika Srpska.[64]
Supranational
International
  •  Austria — High Representative for Bosnia, Austrian Valentin Inzko said Austria will increase it's number of troops in Bosnia and if situation worsens, will bring in more EU troops. [66]
  •  Croatia — Croatia has called for an immediate cessation of violence in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Croatian ministry of Foreign and European Affairs stated: 'We are worriedly monitoring the development of events in Bosnia and Herzegovina and calling for urgent cessation of conflicts and violence. We call for all parties to establish a mutual communication because European, stable and prosperous Bosnia and Herzegovina is in the interest of all its citizens. Bosnia and Herzegovina has a perspective of being an EU member state and should resolve its conflicts in the spirit of one.[67]
Croatian president Ivo Josipović commented on the riots while away at the Winter Olympics in Sochi. "I wish for our neighbours and friends to have the current situation [in the country] calm down as soon as possible. It's paramount that all of the social problems be solved within the democratic institutions and I hope that will be the case with Bosnia and Herzegovina, too.", president Josipović said.[68]
Croatian Foreign and European affairs minister Vesna Pusić said that "Bosnia and Herzegovina has, unlike some other difficult cases at this moment, a guaranteed European perspective; it has a confirmed path in front of it towards European integrities. I think that, even with all of the hardships, it is something which has a wide support as a direction of development for Bosnia and Herzegovina among its citizens, and thus I think it would be necessary to find a method of communication as soon as possible". She added she would be speaking about the situation on monday, February 10th, in Brussels at the foreign affairs ministers' meeting.[68]
European Parliament member Davor Ivo Stier from the Croatian Democratic Union also commented on the situation in Bosnia and Herzegovina. "When people who set things on fire in Mostar are yelling 'This is Bosnia!', it incredibly reminds me of the Chetniks during the agression against Croatia yelling 'This is Serbia.'. When Zlatko Lagumdžija accuses the European parliament because of a resolution which condemns centralism, it is clear just how much the centralist elites are against the European peace project. Croatia and the EU cannot be passive towards this downward spiral of violence in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is time to show leadership. End to centralism! End to violence! It's time for an European path of Bosnia and Herzegovina!", he commented on his Facebook profile the riots in Bosnia and Herzegovina.[68]
  •  Germany — Christian Schwarz-Schilling who was the high representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina and observed the signing of the Dayton Peace Accords that ended the Bosnian War on December 14, 1995 has said "The politics that they have practiced must be stopped immediately. The privileges they [politicians] have enjoyed for too long from old times now must be curtailed. But this would necessitate involvement from the international community. And I don't see that coming. It's just like with Ukraine. There, the international community woke up only after a critical situation arose. The same thing will happen in Bosnia." [69]
  •  Serbia — Serbia’s Deputy Prime Minister Aleksandar Vučić said "There is no need to solve political problems by setting buildings on fire, using violence and beating up police. Serbia wants stability in the region, and thinks that is of essential importance." [70]
  •  United States — The U.S. Embassy in Sarajevo issued a statement saying politicians should listen to the protesters and authorities should end the violence. "The use of violence distracts attention from the fundamental message we see the vast majority of protesters trying to make — that reform is necessary now," the statement said.[71]

See also

References

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