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:Croatian Foreign and European affairs minister [[Vesna Pusić]] said that "Bosnia and Herzegovina has, unlike some other difficult cases at this moment, a guaranteed European perspective; it has a confirmed path in front of it towards European integrates. I think that, even with all of the hardships, it is something which has a wide support as a direction of development for Bosnia and Herzegovina among its citizens, and thus I think it would be necessary to find a method of communication as soon as possible". She added she would be speaking about the situation on 10 February, in [[Brussels]] at the foreign affairs ministers' meeting.<ref name="croatianresponse2"/>
:Croatian Foreign and European affairs minister [[Vesna Pusić]] said that "Bosnia and Herzegovina has, unlike some other difficult cases at this moment, a guaranteed European perspective; it has a confirmed path in front of it towards European integrates. I think that, even with all of the hardships, it is something which has a wide support as a direction of development for Bosnia and Herzegovina among its citizens, and thus I think it would be necessary to find a method of communication as soon as possible". She added she would be speaking about the situation on 10 February, in [[Brussels]] at the foreign affairs ministers' meeting.<ref name="croatianresponse2"/>


:European Parliament member [[Davor Ivo Stier]] from the [[Croatian Democratic Union]] also commented on the situation in Bosnia and Herzegovina. "When people who set things on fire in [[Mostar]] are yelling '[[Mostar#Demographics|This is Bosnia!]]', it incredibly reminds me of the [[Chetniks]] during the [[Homeland war (Croatia)|aggression against Croatia]] yelling '[[Republika Srpska Krajina|This is Serbia.]]'. When [[Zlatko Lagumdžija]] accuses the [[European parliament]] because of a resolution which condemns centralism, it is clear just how much the centralist elites are against the [[European Union|European peace project]]. Croatia and the EU cannot be passive towards this downward spiral of violence in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is time to show leadership. End to centralism! End to violence! It's time for an European path of Bosnia and Herzegovina!", he commented on his [[Facebook]] profile the riots in Bosnia and Herzegovina.<ref name="croatianresponse2"/>
:European Parliament member [[Davor Ivo Stier]] from the [[Croatian Democratic Union]] also commented on the situation in Bosnia and Herzegovina. "When people who set things on fire in [[Mostar]] are yelling '[[Mostar#Demographics|This is Bosnia!]]', it incredibly reminds me of the [[Chetniks]] during the [[Homeland war (Croatia)|aggression against Croatia]] yelling '[[Republika Srpska Krajina|This is Serbia.]]'. When [[Zlatko Lagumdžija]] accuses the [[European parliament]] because of a resolution which condemns centralism, it is clear just how much the centralist elites are against the [[European Union|European peace project]]. Croatia and the EU cannot be passive towards this downward spiral of violence in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is time to show leadership. End to centralism! End to violence! It's time for an European path of Bosnia and Herzegovina!", he commented on his [[Facebook]] profile the riots in Bosnia and Herzegovina.<ref name="croatianresponse2"/> (Note: During the war in Croatia, ultra-nationalist Serbs chanted "This is Serbia" within the borders of Croatia. <ref> Goldstein, Ivo (1999). Croatia: A History. London: C. Hurst & Co. Publishers. ISBN 1-85065-525-1. p.214 </ref> Mostar is not in Croatia. Mostar is in Bosnia and Herzegovina <ref> https://maps.google.com/ </ref>.)


*{{flag|Germany}} — [[Christian Schwarz-Schilling]] who was the high representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina and observed the signing of the Dayton Peace Accords that ended the Bosnian War on December 14, 1995 has said "The politics that they have practiced must be stopped immediately. The privileges they [politicians] have enjoyed for too long from old times now must be curtailed. But this would necessitate involvement from the international community. And I don't see that coming. It's just like with [[Ukraine]]. There, the international community woke up only after a critical situation arose. The same thing will happen in Bosnia." <ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.dw.de/bosnia-its-just-like-ukraine/a-17420506 | title=Bosnia: 'It's just like Ukraine' | publisher=dw.de | date=9 February 2014 | accessdate=9 February 2014}}</ref>
*{{flag|Germany}} — [[Christian Schwarz-Schilling]] who was the high representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina and observed the signing of the Dayton Peace Accords that ended the Bosnian War on December 14, 1995 has said "The politics that they have practiced must be stopped immediately. The privileges they [politicians] have enjoyed for too long from old times now must be curtailed. But this would necessitate involvement from the international community. And I don't see that coming. It's just like with [[Ukraine]]. There, the international community woke up only after a critical situation arose. The same thing will happen in Bosnia." <ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.dw.de/bosnia-its-just-like-ukraine/a-17420506 | title=Bosnia: 'It's just like Ukraine' | publisher=dw.de | date=9 February 2014 | accessdate=9 February 2014}}</ref>

Revision as of 00:55, 14 February 2014

2014 unrest in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Protests in Zenica, 10 February 2014.
Date4 February 2014 – ongoing (10 years, 10 months, 3 weeks and 4 days)
Location
 Bosnia and Herzegovina[1]
Caused by
Goals
  • Political reforms
  • Improvement of living standards
Methods
StatusOngoing
Parties
Citizens
Government
Police forces
Casualties
Death(s)0
InjuriesAs of 8 February:
200 (Tuzla)[2]
50 (Zenica)[3]
121 (Sarajevo)[4]
Arrested38[5][better source needed]

The 2014 unrest in Bosnia and Herzegovina is a series of demonstrations and riots that began in the northern town of Tuzla on 4 February 2014, but quickly spread to multiple cities in Bosnia and Herzegovina, including Sarajevo, Zenica, Mostar, Jajce, Brčko, Bihać, Doboj, Prijedor,[7] Travnik, Bugojno, Donji Vakuf, Kakanj, Visoko, Breza, Gračanica, Sanski Most, Cazin, Živinice, Goražde, Orašje, Srebrenik, Bijeljina,[8] Prozor and Tešanj,[9] among others, for social reasons with the aim of overthrowing the government.[10][11] The riots are the most violent scenes the country has seen since the end of the Bosnian War.[8]

Some news sources, such as BBC and the New York Times, have used the name Bosnian Spring when describing the riots,[12][13][14] a terminology taken from other events such the Arab Spring and the Prague Spring. The Swedish politician Carl Bildt has also expressed that "in some places there has been talk about a Bosnian Spring".[15]

Most of the riots calmed down by 8 February, although protesting has continued throughout the days that followed.

Background

After World War II, Tuzla developed into a major industrial and cultural centre during the Communist period in the former Yugoslavia. During the first decade of the 21st century, four former state-owned companies, including furniture and washing powder factories, were sold to private owners who were contracted to invest in and make them profitable. Instead, the new owners sold the assets, stopped paying workers and filed for bankruptcy. The closures left hundreds of workers without jobs in a country that already has a high unemployment rate of between 27%–47%.[16] Although official data show that 27.5 percent of its working population is unemployed, at least another 20 percent of people are estimated to be engaged in the so-called grey economy. An average monthly salary in Bosnia and Herzegovina is 420 euros (about $570), with one in five citizens living below the poverty line.[17]

Protests

Tuzla

4–5 February

Protests began on 4 February 2014[18] peacefully in the city of Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina but turned violent the following day when hundreds of demonstrators, mostly former employees of several big companies, such as Dita, Polihem, Guming and Konjuh, clashed with police near the Tuzla local government building demanding for compensation and called on Tuzla officials to intervene instantly.[19] Demonstrators blame local officials for allowing several state firms to collapse between 2000 and 2008 after being privatized, leaving many unemployed.[20]

The protests later spread to various cities across Bosnia and Herzegovina, including Bihać, Mostar, Zenica, Kakanj and the capital Sarajevo.[21]

Due to the recent closures of factories and firms in Tuzla, at least 600 protesters tried to storm the building of the Tuzla local government, accusing authorities of turning a blind eye to the collapse of a number of state firms after their privatization.[22] Some of the protesters threw eggs, flares and stones at the windows of the building and set tires on fire, blocking traffic in the city center.[23][24] Police eventually forced demonstrators back and cordoned off the building. One of the hundreds of protesters in the city said: "This is the start of the Bosnian Spring," alluding to the ongoing Arab Spring which began in 2010.

The protesters gathered in front of the cantonal government building, requesting for compensation and repayments of healthcare and pensions payments after the privatized companies for which they worked failed. Local media reports said that some protesters scuffled with police after breaking into the cantonal government building, while others set garbage containers and tires on fire.[19] It is reported that in the end of the day, a total of twenty-two people, including 17 police officers, were injured, while 24 are arrested for their involvement in the protests.[25][26][27][28][29]

As a result of the police brutality the day before, protesters were outraged. The next day, the number of protesters grew enormously; around 6,000 individuals gathered in front of the cantonal government building. The number of injured individuals rose enormously. According to local newspapers, around 100 policemen were injured, where the most of the injuries were from being hit by stones. 11 cars were destroyed and 27 protesters were arrested. Around 20 civilians had minor injuries.[30]

6 February

On Thursday, 6 February the protests spread into multiple cities in the country, at first by people who wanted to show solidarity with the citizens of Tuzla; In the capital city Sarajevo, protesters clashed with police who had blocked traffic in the city center.[31] Four officers were hospitalized.[32][33] Over 200 people blocked traffic in Mostar and about 150 Zenica citizens protested in front of their local government building.[34] One of the protestors in Zenica was quoted as saying: "Today we fought for Tuzla, tomorrow we fight for all of us."[35] Protests also broke out in Bihać and Tešanj, among others.[36]

27 people who had been arrested the day before were released.[37] That day also marked the first time since the start of the uprising that police used tear gas on the crowds,[38] More than two dozen people were hospitalized with tear gas-related injuries.[39]

Schools throughout Tuzla were closed and residents of buildings yelled insults and threw buckets of water at the officers who passed by in full riot gear[11] Elderly neighbors banged on their windows and balconies.[40]

7 February
The Government Building of Tuzla Canton burning, 7 February 2014.
File:2014 Social riot in Bosnia damaged cantonal government building.jpeg
Workers and firefighters control a fire inside a government building after protests in the Bosnian capital of Sarajevo on Saturday, 8 February 2014.

On 7 February, mass crowds began to gather at the same place and in over 20 major cities across the country. People gathered at their city centers to support protests in Tuzla. According to the official statements, more than 130 people, including 104 police officers, were injured on on the third day of anti-government demonstrations in Tuzla alone.[41] After a long day of waiting, 10,000 outraged protesters broke the last line of police defense in the cantonal government building. Around 100 younger protesters stormed into the building throwing furniture and papers out of the windows, burning the whole building afterwards.

Even a quick intervention of the local firemen crew couldn't prevent the fire from spreading on other floors. The protesters gave them a "calm hour" after which the protests were carried in front of the cantonal court. Protesters asked workers of the cantonal court to address them about their plans in freeing the remaining protesters arrested that day and the day before, which included the leader and organizer of the demonstrations. Shortly after a rain of stones started hitting the cantonal court. The group of 10,000 people started moving towards the municipal building where all workers were evacuated before the angry mob arrived. The attack on the municipal building included a few short fights between the protesters and the special police units. It included using tear-gas which outraged the protesters even more. After the police fell back, protesters started throwing bricks and stones at the building, breaking every single window on it and burning it down afterwards. Shortly after burning the municipal building it was announced that the police forces have switched sides and joined the protesters.

During the unrest on Friday, 7 February, the mayor of Brčko was taken hostage by the crowd for a short while and then released.[42]

In the afternoon, a unit of special police of the Tuzla canton under the commanding officer Dževad Korman lowered their shields and took off their helmets, which caused a wave of enthusiasm from the crowd, which was approaching and shaking hands with the special forces members. Both the regular and the judicial police did a similar thing in front of the Court and the Prosecution buildings.[43]

8 February

By the morning hours of Saturday, 8 February, the riots had spread to Brčko, Mostar, Jajce, Bihać, Doboj, Prijedor, Travnik, Bugojno, Donji Vakuf, Kakanj, Visoko, Gračanica, Sanski Most, Cazin, Živinice, Goražde, Orašje, Srebrenik, Bijeljina, Prozor and Tešanj, among others.[9]

Throughout 8 February the riots had stopped and all the people had resumed peaceful protests and begun clearing the streets of garbage and debris.[44][45][46]

Zenica

Protests in Zenica on 7 February 2014.

On 7 February, protestors in Zenica forced their way through a police cordon and set fire to a local government building and surrounding cars.[2] The entire government of Zenica-Doboj Canton announced that they would resign during their next meeting.[47]

On 9 February, late in the night, the government of the Zenica-Doboj Canton analyzed the situation.[48]

On 10 February, protesters gathered again in front of the Cantonal building demanding immediate changes in social politics. Protest representatives held a meeting with the government officials to present their demands. During the protests, the main city boulevard was blocked for traffic.[49]

Sarajevo

7 February
Burning cars near Presidency palace, 7 February 2014.

Tear gas and smoke blanketed downtown Sarajevo, where police opened fire with rubber bullets on several thousand protesters who set fire to the headquarters of the capital’s cantonal government. Water cannon was also used to disperse protesters who were trying to enter the presidency building.[50]

Dense smoke was caused by the burning of several police cars near the Building of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina, which was also heavily damaged when the demonstrators set fire to sections of the State Archives of Bosnia and Herzegovina, which is located there.[21][51] Demonstrators also torched and stoned the building of the Centar Municipality, Sarajevo as well as the seat of the regional government of the Sarajevo Canton.[21]

8–9 February

Peaceful protests with at least 200 people continued at 16:00 on 8 February, protesters demanding release of some young people from prisons that were involved in violent riots days earlier. The protesters called for peaceful protests to continue and demand the change of current government.[52] Spokesperson for the municipal court of Sarajevo, Alem Hamzić stated that 33 protesters have been released adding, "Criminal proceedings will be launched against some ten demonstrators with court likely imposing prohibitive measures. Prohibitive measures include: ban on meeting and communicating, confiscation of passports and identity documents, and they will need to report twice weekly to the relevant police department." Peaceful demonstrations continued throughout the day of 9 February.[53]

10 February

Some time after 10 o'clock in the evening, an explosion in Skenderija shocked the Sarajevo metropolitan area, reports are that there are no casualties.[54]

Bihać

Protests began in Bihać as early as 6 February. On 8 February, over 3,000 disgruntled citizens rallied at the Town Square to express dissatisfaction with the government of the Una-Sana Canton, one of Bosnia and Herzegovina's ten post-war cantons, demanding the resignation of the canton's Prime Minister Hamdija Lipovača and the Minister of the Police.[55][56]

In front of the local government building, protesters from all over the country were met by police. Protesters shouted "Thieves!" and "We want resignation!" and asked the police to side with them. Police officers confiscated a number of Molotov cocktails. Shops in the city center closed down as a precautionary measure. Hundreds of protesters gathered around Prime Minister Lipovača's home, fighting against the police and demanding resignation.[57][58] The clash with police injured several people and the crowd later dispersed.

On 10 February 2014, after days of protests that involved at least 3,000 people, the Prime Minister of the Una-Sana Canton Hamdija Lipovača officially resigned.[59][60]

Regional protests

Belgrade, Serbia

The people of Serbia held protests (on 12 February) in the capital Belgrade in support of Bosnian social uprising. [61]

Zagreb, Croatia

People in neighboring Croatia, the 28th member state of the European Union, held protests in Zagreb (on 13 February) in support of fundamental human rights. "We support Tuzla, Sarajevo and other cities where the last ten days of the battle for fundamental human rights and workers who are in Croatia and other countries who have lost a lot in the past two decades" - said one protester. [62] [63] [64]

Resignations

Damages

Monetary

The estimated cost in all the cities across the country has been estimated by the Klix newspaper to be around 50 million KM (€ 25,5 million).[68]

Cultural

Large amounts of historical documents were lost when sections of the Archives of Bosnia and Herzegovina were set on fire. Many irreplaceable documents were burnt. The damage was mainly to the parts storing documentation from the 1878-1918 Austrian occupation of Bosnia.[69][70] The collection also contained around ten oriental [in this context: Ottoman] manuscripts of exceptional value, some firmans, berats, and calligraphic works, as explained by Šaban Zahirović, the head of the Archives.[70]

Reactions

Domestic
  •  Republika Srpska — The entity president Milorad Dodik has expressed that he is "proud of the citizens in Republika Srpska" for not falling for provocations that could make the unrests in the Federation spread further. He has also expressed suspicions that there might be an underlying political project that intends to somehow make the recent unrests expand into Republika Srpska.[73]
Supranational
International
  •  Austria — High Representative for Bosnia, Austrian Valentin Inzko, said that Austria will increase it's number of troops in Bosnia, and if the situation worsens, he will bring in more EU troops.[76]
  •  Croatia — Croatia has called for an immediate cessation of violence in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Croatian ministry of Foreign and European Affairs stated: 'We are worriedly monitoring the development of events in Bosnia and Herzegovina and calling for urgent cessation of conflicts and violence. We call for all parties to establish a mutual communication because European, stable and prosperous Bosnia and Herzegovina is in the interest of all its citizens. Bosnia and Herzegovina has a perspective of being an EU member state and should resolve its conflicts in the spirit of one.[77]
Croatian president Ivo Josipović commented on the riots while away at the Winter Olympics in Sochi. "I wish for our neighbours and friends to have the current situation [in the country] calm down as soon as possible. It's paramount that all of the social problems be solved within the democratic institutions and I hope that will be the case with Bosnia and Herzegovina, too.", president Josipović said.[78]
Croatian Foreign and European affairs minister Vesna Pusić said that "Bosnia and Herzegovina has, unlike some other difficult cases at this moment, a guaranteed European perspective; it has a confirmed path in front of it towards European integrates. I think that, even with all of the hardships, it is something which has a wide support as a direction of development for Bosnia and Herzegovina among its citizens, and thus I think it would be necessary to find a method of communication as soon as possible". She added she would be speaking about the situation on 10 February, in Brussels at the foreign affairs ministers' meeting.[78]
European Parliament member Davor Ivo Stier from the Croatian Democratic Union also commented on the situation in Bosnia and Herzegovina. "When people who set things on fire in Mostar are yelling 'This is Bosnia!', it incredibly reminds me of the Chetniks during the aggression against Croatia yelling 'This is Serbia.'. When Zlatko Lagumdžija accuses the European parliament because of a resolution which condemns centralism, it is clear just how much the centralist elites are against the European peace project. Croatia and the EU cannot be passive towards this downward spiral of violence in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is time to show leadership. End to centralism! End to violence! It's time for an European path of Bosnia and Herzegovina!", he commented on his Facebook profile the riots in Bosnia and Herzegovina.[78] (Note: During the war in Croatia, ultra-nationalist Serbs chanted "This is Serbia" within the borders of Croatia. [79] Mostar is not in Croatia. Mostar is in Bosnia and Herzegovina [80].)
  •  Germany — Christian Schwarz-Schilling who was the high representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina and observed the signing of the Dayton Peace Accords that ended the Bosnian War on December 14, 1995 has said "The politics that they have practiced must be stopped immediately. The privileges they [politicians] have enjoyed for too long from old times now must be curtailed. But this would necessitate involvement from the international community. And I don't see that coming. It's just like with Ukraine. There, the international community woke up only after a critical situation arose. The same thing will happen in Bosnia." [81]
  •  Luxembourg — Deputy Prime Minister of Luxembourg Jean Asselborn dramatized the current situation further by stating "We support all those who want stability in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The citizens have spoken. Bosnia is the biggest problem that European Union has in the Balkan region. We must defend the principle that Bosnia is one nation and never to be partitioned into three or four entities. I hope there are enough of those people in the European Union and Bosnia itself who want Bosnia to take the right path." [82]
  •  Serbia — Serbia’s Deputy Prime Minister Aleksandar Vučić said "There is no need to solve political problems by setting buildings on fire, using violence and beating up police. Serbia wants stability in the region, and thinks that is of essential importance." [83]
  •  Turkey — Turkish Foreign Minister Ahmet Davutoğlu made his appeal during a visit to Sarajevo, stating "Today is the day to act in Bosnia and we must not wait any longer. Bosnia urgently needs international aid in the form of a new package of political and economic reforms. The Dayton peace agreement was of outmost importance for it helped end the war but it is obvious that it now hampers the functioning of the country." [84]
  •  United States — The U.S. Embassy in Sarajevo issued a statement saying politicians should listen to the protesters and authorities should end the violence. "The use of violence distracts attention from the fundamental message we see the vast majority of protesters trying to make — that reform is necessary now," the statement said.[85]
  •  United Kingdom — British Foreign Secretary William Hague demands stagnation in Bosnian politics and government to come to an end, stating "What happened in Bosnia is a wake-up call. We need to focus more efforts on helping Bosnia towards the EU, towards NATO membership, so that the stagnation in Bosnian politics and government can come to an end, and I think it's probably going to become a more important issue over the coming months." [86]

See also

Wikimedia Commons has media related to 2014 unrest in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

References

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